1、Unit 5Starting out & Understanding ideas. 单句语法填空1. It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate(appreciate) their beauty. 2. The ice there has become a window on the past with gases and minerals trapped(trap) in it. 3. There is a need for the conservation(conserve) of tree
2、s, or there will soon be no forests. 4. The second half of the game was dull by comparison (compare) with the first. 5. The city was in chaos after the severe earthquake. 6. The population has reduced dramatically(dramatic) because of the war. 7. Those nurses subsequently (subsequent) received award
3、s for their selfless contributions. 8. Khartoum has exploded(explode) with anger at accusations of blasphemy in the past. 9. But he turned(turn) out to be immature and irresponsible. 10. She took over his work after his departure(depart). . 选词填空be trapped in, owe. . . to, in turn, have an appetite f
4、or, on the decrease, come up with, in consequence1. Tuk came up with the idea for the study while attending a long lecture. 2. His death was totally unexpected and, in consequence, no plans had been made for his replacement. 3. Even when he was trapped in elevator, he still kept calm and did his hom
5、ework as usual. 4. We human beings are doing damage to nature, and in turn, nature is also affecting mans life. 5. The number of poor men is on the decrease as the economy is growing. 6. Since your son has an appetite for music, you should cultivate his talent in this field. 7. He wrote a letter to
6、his teacher where he owed his success to his teacher. . 完成句子1. If you dont sigh up for the competition, nor/neither will I. 如果你不报名参加这个比赛, 我也不参加。2. He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand. 他手里拿着拐杖, 走入黑暗的街道。3. It was not until his wife passed away that he knew the truth. 直到他的妻子去世, 他才知道
7、真相。4. He made it possible for everyone to use the Internet. 他使得每一个人使用因特网成为可能。5. The old man would sit in front of the house, staring at the mountains in the distance. 老人会坐在屋子前面, 望着远处的山。. 结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型, 根据提示写一篇80词左右的短文1. 近年来, 据研究表明, 雪豹(snow leopard)的数量有了显著的增加。2. 但是之前, 它们的栖息地被严重破坏了。3. 很多山坡由于冰雪融化而导致
8、坍塌, 这对雪豹的生存产生了巨大威胁, 致使雪豹数量减少。4. 保护区随之建立, 以保护这种珍稀的动物。_As we all know, the habitat of snow leopards, a first-class national protected animal, was seriously destroyed years ago. Many hillsides collapsed owing to the melting of snow, which threatened their survival and the number of snow leopards decrea
9、sed sharply. In order to protect them, nature reserves have been set up, where they are well protected. Our efforts have finally paid off. In recent years, according to studies, the number of snow leopards has multiplied dramatically. . 阅读理解AThe moment you open your eyes in the morning, you can feel
10、 sweat running down your body, even if youre barely moving at all. Thats what most people in China felt like this summer. In fact, the entire northern hemisphere (半球) saw high temperatures in July. The Arctic Circle was no exception. Temperatures in the city of Norilsk, which is in the Arctic Circle
11、, reached a record high of 32, the Atlantic reported. Temperatures there are usually just 10 at this time of the year. The heat wave in the Arctic is mainly a long-term result of global warming, according to the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences. Actually, while the whole world is getting w
12、armer, the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. This is called the polar amplification effect (极地放大效应). The most direct impact of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice. According to NASA, Arctic sea ice is now disappearing at a rate of 13. 2 percent every 10 years. NASA s
13、aid that if this continues, the Arctic will have no ice by the year 2040. This has put some Arctic animals, like polar bears, in danger. The ice that the bears live on has shrunk, the Toronto Star reported. Melting ice can also cause sea levels to rise in the long term. Since 1993, sea levels have r
14、isen at a rate of 3. 2 cm every 10 years, the Guardian reported. Some countries, such as Tuvalu(图瓦卢)in the South Pacific Ocean and Maldives(马尔代夫)in the Indian Ocean, are at risk of disappearing into the sea. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章主要说明由于全球变暖, 北极地区遭到热浪袭击以及带来的影响。1. What does the underlined word “This” in the
15、third paragraph refer to? A. The heat wave in the Arctic. B. The result of global warming. C. Getting warmer in the world. D. The Arctic getting warm faster. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。画线词前一句提到“while the whole world is getting warmer, the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. ” 而This指代前一句的内容。
16、由此可知, This是指北极变暖的速度更快。故选D。2. What may be the result of the melting of Arctic ice? A. Sea levels rise in the long term. B. The polar will become dangerous. C. There will be an end of water shortage. D. There will be no ice in the world by 2040. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。 根据文章第四段中“Melting ice can also cause sea le
17、vels to rise in the long term. ”可知, 北极冰川融化, 从长期来看, 会导致海平面上升。故选A。3. What may happen to the Arctic animals? A. Theyll not disappear in the future. B. Theyll live on the land. C. Theyll gradually have no habitat. D. Theyll shrink. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“the Arctic will have no ice by the year 2040. This
18、 has put some Arctic animals, like polar bears, in danger. ” 可知, 由于冰层缩小, 北极的动物将逐渐失去它们的栖息地。故选C。4. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Arctic animals are in danger. B. Heat is hitting the Arctic. C. The world is getting warmer than before. D. Some countries may disappear into the sea. 【解析】选B。主旨大
19、意题。根据文章第二段中的“The Arctic Circle was no exception. ”, 第三段中的“The heat wave in the Arctic is mainly a long-term result of global warming”以及第四段中的“The most direct impact of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice. ” 可知, 文章是主要讲了热浪正在袭击北极地区以及带来的不良影响。故选B。B(2021武汉高二检测)Binge-watching (刷剧) is when a person w
20、atches more than one episode of a show in quick succession (连续). With developments in the speed and connectivity of the Internet, increases in technology and the rise of on-demand entertainment companies, people can now have their favorite shows streamed directly to their television at their conveni
21、ence. This behavior is nothing new. In fact, “binge-watching” has been officially listed in dictionaries since 2015. The entertainment companies recognize this behavior and many take steps to encourage it. Often, instead of releasing each episode on a week-by-week basis, an entire series will become
22、 available concurrently. Once the episode finishes, many platforms will display pop-ups with “you might like” suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode. However, recent research suggests that out of the more than half of British adults who watch more than one episode of a show back-to
23、-back (一集接一集地), almost a third have admitted missing sleep or becoming tired as a result; and one quarter have neglected their household chores. Next well be missing work! Bingeing has other connections binge eating, binge drinking and binge smoking. All of them are often associated with a lack of c
24、ontrol and a possible route to addiction. Lindsey Fussell, consumer group director, said: “The days of waiting a week for the next episode are largely gone, with people finding it hard to resist watching multiple episodes around the house or on the move. ” If people find binge-watching hard to resis
25、t, are we witnessing the birth of a new type of addiction? The countless number of information and entertainment that television and online media can bring us is, many would say, a good thing. However, when the activity begins to bleed into other areas, causing us to stop functioning then it becomes
26、 a problem. So, whats the answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, “A little of what you fancy does you good. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述由于网络技术的发展, 导致很多人刷剧。文章分析了出现此类现象的原因和影响并提出了解决这一问题的方法: 要适度看剧。5. How did the writer develop the first paragraph? A. By gi
27、ving a definition. B. By telling a story. C. By listing some examples. D. By analyzing the cause and effect. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段中Binge-watching is when a person watches more than one episode of a show in quick succession. 可知, 刷剧指一个人在短时间内连续看多集电视剧, 这是对刷剧的定义, 由此可推断作者是通过给出Binge-watching的定义来开启文章的, 故选A。6
28、. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “concurrently” in Paragraph 2? A. for convenienceB. at the same timeC. in detailD. free of charge【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在后文可知当这一集结束后, 许多平台会弹出“你可能会喜欢”的提示, 或者会自动播放下一集。由此可知, 通常情况下, 不是每周发布一集, 而是同时发布一整部。故可推断concurrently在本句中意为“同时”, 与at the same tim
29、e同义, 故选B。7. What Lindsey said in Paragraph 4 implies that _. A. people cant control their feelingsB. people cant resist the temptationC. people have no patience to do workD. people are addicted to waiting for a new episode【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段可知, 消费者组织负责人Lindsey Fussell说: “人们已经不再需要一周后才能看到下一集了, 他们会忍不住在家
30、里或在路上看好几集。”由此判断出刷剧的现象很严重, 人们抵抗不了这种诱惑。故选B。8. What advice did the writer give at last? A. To keep online media from stopping functioning. B. To enjoy entertainment as much as possible. C. To learn life lessons from the episodes. D. To watch episodes in a moderate way. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中So, whats the
31、 answer? Moderation! Neither a tiny amount, nor too much. After all, as the old proverb says, “A little of what you fancy does you good. ” 可知, 要控制, 合理有度地看剧。故选D。【点睛】词义猜测题要求根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。1. 根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语, 下面接着出现其定义或解释, 这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。2. 根据同位关系进
32、行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语, 对前面的词进行解释, 这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。3. 根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测。在英语中, 有很多词可以在前面加前缀, 在后面加后缀, 从而构成一个词, 乍看起来, 这个词可能是新词, 但掌握了一定的构词知识, 就不难猜出它的词义。4. 根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读中, 根据原因可以预测结果, 根据结果也可以找出原因。5. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it, that, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物, 其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较
33、远, 要认真查找; 也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结, 才能得出代词所指代的事。6. 根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时, 其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的, 由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域, 进而推知其大致意思。7. 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词, 如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别, 从而依据某一句的含义, 来确定另一句的含义。另外, 分号也可以表示转折、对比等意义。例如小题6是根据下文的解释Once the episode finishes, many platforms wil
34、l display pop-ups with “you might like” suggestions, or will automatically play the next episode. 当这一集结束后, 许多平台会弹出“你可能会喜欢”的提示, 或者会自动播放下一集。由此可知, 通常情况下, 不是每周发布一集, 而是同时发布一整部。故可推断concurrently在本句中意为“同时”, 与at the same time同义, 故选B。. 阅读填句(2020哈尔滨高二检测)Reforestation is the restoration process of the destroyed
35、 or damaged forests. Trees are planted in that particular destroyed area of forests to recover the loss of nature. The damage caused to nature should be recovered to protect our balanced life cycle. 1. Reduction of carbon dioxide in the airForests perform an important part in reducing carbon dioxide
36、 from the air. The increasing process of industrialization has polluted the air we breathe in. 2. Trees are a source of oxygen to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. They maintain a balance in the environment by improving the quality of air. Therefore, the easiest way to reduce these e
37、nvironment polluting chemicals and carbon dioxide is reforestation. 3The reduction of many forests in the world has damaged biodiversity very badly. The animals that used to live in these forests are forced out due to the destruction. 4. All the habitats need a specific environment and conditions fo
38、r animals to live there. Reforestation is essential to save biodiversity and animals living in their suitable environment. Fighting global warming 5, which creates a climatic change and global warming. To fight global warming, we need to restore our damaged forests on a priority basis. Global warmin
39、g has increased the temperature and melting of glaciers has caused a rise in sea level. Therefore, the importance of reforestation should not be denied and trees must be planted to restore destroyed forests. A. Recovering biodiversityB. Restoring various habitatsC. There are hundreds of economic ben
40、efits related to the forestsD. The importance of reforestation can be evaluated from the followingE. A large number of factories are polluting the environment with smokeF. Their finding a new place to live disturbs the natural environment of animalsG. With the continuous loss of trees, the ground te
41、mperature has started to increase【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍再造林的益处。1. 【解析】选D。根据前文再造林是对被破坏或损害的森林进行恢复的过程。在被破坏的森林区域种植树木, 以恢复自然的损失。我们应该恢复对自然造成的破坏, 以保护我们平衡的生命周期。再造林的重要性可以从以下方面来评估。故选D。2. 【解析】选E。根据前句可知, 工业化进程已经污染了我们所呼吸的空气。该空与其前一句构成例证关系, E选项中的 “factories”(工厂)作为例证呼应前一句中的“industrialization”(工业化)。故选E。3. 【解析】选A。该句为该段
42、的段落主旨句, 根据下文“世界上许多森林的减少严重地破坏了生物多样性。”中的关键词 “biodiversity”可知, 本段介绍恢复生物多样性的重要性。故选A。4. 【解析】选F。根据前句可知, 该空与前一句构成顺承关系, 因动物们被驱逐而流离失所(forced out), 所以需要找到新的住所(finding a new place); 且F选项中的代词 “their”指代句中的 “animals”。故选F。5. 【解析】选G。该空为段首句, 根据后半句可知, 造成气候变化和全球变暖的原因是树木的不断消失, 地面温度的上升。G选项中的 “temperature”与段落小标题和其后非限制性定语
43、从句中的关键词 “global warming”相呼应, 故选G。. 完形填空(2021武汉高二检测)It was a dark night. Thick, dark, gray clouds had made sure that there was no starlight or moonlight to 1 me as I walked out on my porch. Still, I kept the porch light off because I didnt want to be 2 by bugs and moths on this 3 summer evening. I st
44、ood there for a while letting my eyes adjust to the lack of 4. It was then, though, that I saw them. First one blink of light at the far end of the meadow followed by another and then another. I 5 . I recognized them at once as my firefly(萤火虫) 6, my lightning bug buddies who always 7 this time of th
45、e year. When I was little I used to sit in the grass and watch them 8 fly around blinking on and off. I never 9 and put one in a jar as some kids did because I never wanted to hurt these messengers of light. Their time on this earth was so 10 as it was. I tried to enjoy them each night they were her
46、e. It always 11 me when they disappeared in the fall and it always made my heart 12 when they reappeared the next summer. We are like them in a lot of ways. Our 13 here on earth is brief. Often our light and love are more like on and off blinks rather than a 14 shine. Still, we do our best to share
47、it and take 15 in knowing that others will be shining their light long after we are gone. 【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者晚上到院子里, 遇到喜爱的萤火虫, 并且认为人类和萤火虫一样, 在这个星球上, 生命短暂, 但即便如此, 我们也要努力地用微光照亮世界。1. A. shineB. greetC. please D. guide【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意: 当我走出门廊时, 厚厚的乌云证实没有星光或月光迎接我。根据前文“there was no starlight or moonlig
48、ht to”和后文的“me as I walked out on my porch”可知, 作者走出来的时候, 因为漆黑一片, 因此没有月光和星光来迎接他。故选B。2. A. frightenedB. accompaniedC. surroundedD. troubled【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。句意: 不过, 我还是关了门廊的灯, 因为我不想在这个闷热的夏夜被虫子和飞蛾打扰。根据后面的“bugs and moths”可知, 作者不喜欢被虫子和飞蛾等袭扰而把灯关掉。故选D。3. A. stickyB. duskC. darkD. warm【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。结合后面的“summer
49、 evening”和常识可知, 夏季的夜晚由于炎热, 给人的感觉应该是黏糊糊的, 故选A。4. A. heatB. waterC. lightD. air【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意: 我在那里站了一会儿, 让我的眼睛适应光线不足。根据上文的“there was no starlight or moonlight”和“I kept the porch light off”可知当时没有光, 作者在那里站了一会儿, 是为了让眼睛适应光线不足的情况。故选C。5. A. frownedB. criedC. smiledD. sighed【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。根据下文的“I recognize
50、d them at once as my firefly. . . ”可知, 作者看到了自己的萤火虫朋友, 应该是微笑了。故选C。6. A. loversB. friendsC. partnersD. mates【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意: 我立刻认出它们是我的萤火虫朋友, 我的闪电虫伙伴, 它们每年这个时候都会出现。根据后面的“my lighting bug buddies”可知, 作者把萤火虫看作是自己的朋友。故选B。7. A. went outB. gave outC. settled downD. showed up【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。went out出去, 熄灭;
51、gave out分发, 公布; settled down定居, 专心于; showed up露面, 揭露。根据常识可知, 萤火虫总是在每年的夏季晚上出现。故选D。8. A. fearfullyB. cautiouslyC. nervouslyD. slowly【解析】选D。考查副词辨析。句意: 当我小的时候, 我常常坐在草地上, 看着它们忽明忽暗慢慢地飞来飞去。根据常识和下文“put one in a jar as some kids did”可知, 孩子们能逮住萤火虫说明它飞得慢。故选D。9. A. sawB. hitC. caughtD. got【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意: 我从来没
52、有像一些孩子那样抓住它们并放进罐子里, 因为我从来不想伤害这些光的使者。根据后面的“put one in a jar as some kids did”可知, 只有逮住萤火虫才能放进罐子里。故选C。10. A. hardB. terribleC. usefulD. brief【解析】选D。考查形容词辨析。句意: 它们在这个世界上的时间是如此的短暂。与最后一段的“Our. . . here on earth is brief. ”呼应, 作者认为萤火虫在地球上的时间很短暂, 不想伤害这些光的使者。故选D。11. A. depressedB. surprisedC. confusedD. exci
53、ted【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意: 每当秋天它们消失的时候, 我总是感到沮丧; 每当第二年夏天它们再次出现的时候, 我的心就在歌唱。作者把萤火虫当作朋友, 所以当它们在秋天消失时, 总是让作者感到沮丧。故选A。12. A. beatB. singC. moveD. tremble【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。根据后面的“when they reappeared the next summer”可知, 作者喜欢萤火虫, 把它们当朋友, 所以它们在第二年夏天再次出现时, 作者很开心。这里用心在唱歌形容作者高兴的心情。故选B。13. A. hopeB. memoryC. mindD. life【
54、解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 我们和它们有很多相似之处。我们在地球上的生命也是短暂的。此处指人的生命短暂, 根据前面的“We are like them in a lot of ways. ”和后面的“here on earth is brief”可知, 作者感慨人类和这些萤火虫一样, 人生短暂。故选D。14. A. beautifulB. steadyC. brightD. clear【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。句意: 通常, 我们的光和爱更像是忽明忽暗的闪烁, 而不是稳定的光芒。与前面“on and off blinks”对比, 指稳定的闪耀。故选B。15. A. prideB. c
55、omfortC. actionD. interest【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意: 尽管如此, 我们还是尽最大努力去分享它, 因为我们知道在我们死后, 其他人也会继续释放他们的光芒, 这令人欣慰。take comfort in意为“感到宽慰”, 此处指虽然人生短暂, 但我们仍要尽力发光, 就算我们离去, 也会有别人闪耀着他们的光芒, 我们也就能够释怀了。故选B。【补偿训练】 阅读理解(2021合肥高二检测)Do you feel lonely? If you do, you are not alone. Its more than a personal mental health issu
56、e. Loneliness is a global issue. Half-a-million Japanese are suffering from social isolation. The UK recently appointed a minister for loneliness, the first in the world. In Australia, Victorian state MP Fiona Patten is calling for the same. What do cities have to do with loneliness? Think of the aw
57、kward silence in a lift full of passengers who never communicate. Now think of a playground where parents often begin chatting. Its not that the built environment “causes” interaction, but it can certainly either enable or limit potential interaction. Can we think of different ways to be in the city
58、 to “cure” loneliness? I recently conducted a graduate design studio at the Melbourne School of Design. The students, using design as a research methodology (方法), came up with potential architectural and urban responses to loneliness. Fanhui Ding came up with a student-run restaurant for the Univers
59、ity of Melbourne. Students get credit working on the farms that supply the restaurant, which can be used to pay for a meal. People also get discounts for dining at the same table, encouraging students to interact over food. Given many international students who suffer from loneliness, her concept us
60、ed cooking, food and farming to cure loneliness. Some students deal with familiar cases, such as building “Puppy Society”, an app that connects a pet with multiple owners, designing more social interaction spaces in high-rise apartment buildings and redesigning supermarkets to make them places for p
61、eople to visit on a Sunday morning. Beverley Wang looked at loneliness in the ageing population. She came up with a project called “Nurture”, for which she designed a kindergarten co-housed with a nursing home. Designing spaces for storytelling, she brought the elderly into the kindergarten as infor
62、mal teaching assistants, giving them a sense of purpose. Moving beyond merely analyzing the problems, the research output shows that an alternative, less lonely future is indeed possible. Without claiming to solve loneliness, design can be an important tool in response to it. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了城市
63、的孤独现象, 由作者主持, 毕业学生设计出来一些计划去减少城市人群的孤独。1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Half of the Japanese are living with loneliness. B. The UK attaches little importance to loneliness issues. C. Australia is likely to follow the UKs example. D. Loneliness has been a primary concern globally. 【解析】选C。细节
64、理解题。根据第二段中The UK recently appointed a minister for loneliness, the first in the world. In Australia, Victorian state MP Fiona Patten is calling for the same. 可知, 澳大利亚可能会效仿英国的做法。故选C项。2. What can students do in Fanhui Dings design? A. Work in the restaurant to pay for meals. B. Pay less if they share
65、tables with others. C. Gather credits for their college graduation. D. Establish international culture communication. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段中People also get discounts for dining at the same table, encouraging students to interact over food. 可知, 在丁范辉的设计中, 如果学生们能和别人共用一张桌子, 支付的钱就会少一些。故选B项。3. How does the p
66、roject “Nurture” benefit elder people? A. By providing them working opportunities. B. By employing them as the formal staff. C. By asking children to tell them stories. D. By lifting their awareness of self-value. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Designing spaces for storytelling, she brought the elderly into t
67、he kindergarten as informal teaching assistants, giving them a sense of purpose. 可知, “培育”项目通过提高长者对自我价值的认识而使他们受益。故选D项。4. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Key principles of designing city buildingsB. Citys potential to encourage social connectionC. Good urban designs to battle social l
68、onelinessD. Architectural concepts to ease elders loneliness【解析】选C。标题归纳题。根据第四段中Can we think of different ways to be in the city to “cure” loneliness? 以及最后一段中Without claiming to solve loneliness, design can be an important tool in response to it. 可知, 本文主要讲述了城市的孤独现象, 毕业学生设计出来一些计划去减少城市人群的孤独, 因此本文的最佳标题选项C“对抗社会孤独的良好城市设计”符合题意。故选C项。
