1、语法初识原句感知自主探究1.The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.2I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes habitat and the icecubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool.3The next morning I carried in my hand a sma
2、ll net used for catching fish.4The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.5Everybody was shocked at the news.6There are some faded flowers on the table.7The story written by a middle school student is popular in schools.8If you want to make
3、yourself respected, you are above all to respect others.(1)例句1、2、3、6、7中的过去分词(短语)在句中作定语。(2)例句2、6中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；例句1、3、7中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。(3)例句5中的过去分词shocked作表语。(4)例句4、8中的过去分词accepted和respected在句中作宾语补足语，与其所修饰的中心词new ideas, yourself构成被动关系。语法剖析语法点一过去分词作定语(一)过去分词作定语时的位置1前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前
4、置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。The excited people (The people who were excited) rushed into the building.激动的人们冲进大楼。Lost time (Time which is lost) can never be found again.虚度的时光无法挽回。 点津(1)有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned (有关的)等。There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments co
5、ncerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Is there anything unsolved?还有什么没解决的吗？2后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。The girl, brought up by her uncle( who was brought
6、up by her uncle), has begun to work now.由她叔叔带大的那个女孩现在已经参加工作了。(二)过去分词作定语时的意义1及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Time, used correctly, is money in the bank. (表被动)时间如果用得正确的话，就是存在银行里的钱。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (表被动和完成)建立于1911年
7、的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的地方。2不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。即时演练111.单句语法填空Who were the socalled guests invited (invite) to your party last night?The concert given (give) by their friends was a success.Mr. Smith, tired (tire
8、) of the speech, started to read an interesting (interest) novel. Polluted (pollute) air and water are harmful to peoples health.12.句型转换The books which were bought yesterday are of high quality.The books bought yesterday are of high quality.The broken window will be replaced soon.The window which/th
9、atisbroken will be replaced soon.语法点二过去分词作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等，主语多为人。 要注意，连系动词不仅仅是be动词，look, get, remain, stay, seem等连系动词后也可以用过去分词作表语。All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.听到那个悲伤的故事，我们都感动地流下泪来。He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。点津(1)表示心理状态的interes
10、ting, exciting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等现在分词式形容词作表语时，强调事物外在的表象，意为“令人的”；interested, excited, disappointed, encouraged, worried, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, pleased等，强调人主观的感受，意为“感到的”。Hearing the surprising news, they were all surprised.听到这令人吃
11、惊的消息，他们都很吃惊。 (2)过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The cup is broken.杯子破了。(主系表结构，强调杯子的状态)The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(被动语态，强调动作)即时演练2单句语法填空Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid (pay) by the hour.He got lost (lose) in the forest. Whats worse, it began to rain.The pilot asked al
12、l the passengers on board to remain seated (seat) as the plane was making a landing.We were disappointed at the result of the experiment, because it was a bit too disappointing.(disappoint)The worried mother looked at her worrying son, looking worried.(worry)语法点三过去分词作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意
13、义或完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。能够接过去分词作宾补的有以下四类：1表示感觉或心理状态的动词或词组。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find 等。To my delight, my family heard my article broadcast by the BBC.令我高兴的是，家人听到了我的文章在BBC电台里广播。2表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave 等。He got
14、 his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。 点津使役动词have接过去分词作宾语补足语时，一是表示动作是由他人完成；或者是过去分词所表示的动作说明主语的一种经历或遭遇。Because of the serious traffic accident, he had his legs broken.由于这场严重的交通事故，他的两条腿都断了。3表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish, expect 等。The teacher doesnt wish such questions (to be) discussed i
15、n class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。4with 的复合结构中。With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。 点津过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补强调被动(宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者)和动作已完成；现在分词作宾补强调主动(宾语是现在分词所表示的动作的执行者)和动作正在进行；感官或使役动词后用不定式作宾补时，表示动作的全部过程，不定式
16、符号to常省去，但在被动语态中要保留to。I noticed a group of children playing football on the playground.我注意到一群孩子正在操场上踢足球。He felt himself cheated.他感到自己被骗了。I saw her come into the classroom.我看见她进入教室了。She was seen to come into the classroom.有人看见她进入教室了。即时演练3单句语法填空When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understoo
17、d (understand)On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well looked (look) after.Newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcast can keep us informed (inform) about the latest news around the world.The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied (tie) behi
18、nd him.He was found lying (lie) on the playground yesterday morning.链接高考单句语法填空1(2016全国卷语法填空). I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：此处动词permit与所修饰的名词reporter之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该使用其过去分词形式permitted。2(2016浙江高考)
19、To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study conducted (conduct) in Australia in 2012.解析：句意：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。a study与conduct之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。3(2015全国卷语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest
20、are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.解析：“built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest”是过去分词短语作定语修饰The adobe dwellings。build和被修饰词之间是被动关系，且此动作已发生，所以用过去分词。4(2015陕西高考)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother taken (take
21、) good care of at home.解析：句意：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。分析句子结构可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系。故填taken。5(2014四川高考)The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed (develop) after great effort.解析：句意：辛苦努力后，很多新产品被研发出来，经理很满意。句子结构
22、表明空格处用非谓语动词作宾语补足语。动词see的宾语“many new products”与develop之间是被动关系且表示一个完成的动作，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。6(2014重庆高考)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned (return) to our shop for quality problems.解析：句意：生产者定期来取因质量问题而返还到我们商店的相机。动词return与名词cameras之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语，相当于定语从句which are returned .
23、。7(2014福建高考)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected (connect)解析：句意：对那些远离家庭成员的人来说，个人电脑和电话对保持联系来说是重要的。stay是系动词，人和联系之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作表语。针对演练.单句语法填空1The message conveyed (convey) here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words”2The brok
24、en (break) bowl will be thrown at once.3My deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged (encourage)4The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.5You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is
25、 based on facts.6With his attention focused (focus) on his book, he didnt notice me enter his study.7The policeman kept his eyes fixed (fix) on the screen of the computer to identify the criminals footprints.8In the reading room, we found her seated (seat) at a desk, reading a book.9When we saw the
26、road blocked (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.10Mr. Black was cast down when he saw the car he had repaired (repair) fail to start again.完成句子1I like the book bought on the Internet very much.我非常喜欢从网上买的那本书。2His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behaviour.他的同事们对他那荒诞的行为感
27、到吃惊。3What they are worried about is being left behind.他们所担心的是被落在后面。4I have never heard the song sung in my school.我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。5He stood for an instant with his hand raised.他举着手站了一会儿。6Everyone wishes the matter (to be) settled as soon as possible.人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。.短文改错I was asked to be a student tea
28、cher last week. My China teacher required me to give a lesson in my class. It was a first time that I had stood before class. I was thankful for her, because I had dreamed to be a teacher all the time. Considered that the class wouldnt listen to me, I felt so nervous that I could fall asleep the nig
29、ht before. On the morning to give the lesson, I found it heavy to move my foot. At first, I can hardly speak fluently. However, I found myself much more relaxing gradually, because my classmates looked at me encouragingly. Finally, I finished the lesson smooth. I will remember my this experience forever.答案：第二句：ChinaChinese第三句：athe第四句：forto第五句：ConsideredConsidering; couldcouldnt或could后加not第六句：footfeet第七句：cancould第八句：relaxingrelaxed第九句：smoothsmoothly第十句：去掉my或this