1、课下天天练(十六)阅读语言运用组合练姓名_班级_考号_时间：45分钟.阅读理解A2022济南外国语模拟JosephFrancisCharlesRock (18841962) wasanAustrianAmericanexplorer, botanist, andanthropologist (人类学家).Formorethan25years, hetravelledextensivelythroughTibetandYunnan, Gansu, andSichuanprovincesinChinabeforefinallyleavingin1949.In1924, HarvardsentJos
2、ephFrancisRockonatreasurehuntthroughChinassouthwesternprovincestheWildWestoftheirday.Butgoldandsilverwerenthistask: Rock, adistinguishedbotanist, soughtonlytofillhisbagswithalltheseeds, saplings, andshrubshecouldfind.Duringhisthreeyearexpedition, hecollected20,000specimensfortheArnoldArboretum (阿诺德植
3、物园)Botany, though, wasjustoneofRocksstrengths.Asanethnologist (民族学者), hetookhundredsofphotographsoftheNaxi, atribeinYunnanProvince, recordingtheirnowlostwayoflifeforbothHarvardandNationalGeographic, andtooknotesforaneventual500pagedictionaryoftheirlanguage.HishanddrawnmapofhistravelsthroughChinas“Ch
4、oNi”territory, intheHarvardMapCollection, includesmorethanathousandrivers, towns, andmountainsindicatedinbothEnglishandChinese, andwassowellmadethattheUS.governmentusedittoplanaerialmissionsinWorldWar.Scientist, linguist, cartographer, photographer, writerRockwasnotawallflowerinanysense.Arrogantands
5、elfpossessed, hewouldwalkintoavillageorwarlordsplace“asifheownedtheplace，”saidLisaPearson, theArboretumsheadlibrarian.Indeclaringhissuccessfulreturnundertheheadline“SeekingStrangeFlowers, intheFarReachesoftheWorld”，theBostonEveningtranscriptranalargephotoofthedaringexplorerwearinginawoollycoatandfox
6、skinhat.“Indiscussinghisheroismincludinghairraisingescapesfromdeatheitherfrommountainslides, snowslidesandrobberarmies，hewavestheideaawayasifitisofnoimportance.”TheArboretumandRockpartedwaysafter1927, mainlybecausehistripcostHarvardafortuneabout$900,000intodaysdollars.Fortunately, manyofhisspecimens
7、, manyofhisamazingphotos, andhisgreatstoriesremain.1Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?ARocksservicefortheUSgovernment.BRockscooperationwithHarvard.CRocksworkasabotanist.DRocksexplorationinSouthwestChina.2WhatcontributiondidRockmaketotheUSAbesidescollectingnewplantsandspecimens?AHetravelledthroughsomeunciv
8、ilizedplacesinChina.BHishanddrawnmapwasusedinWW.CHeshowedheroismbyescapingdifficulties.DHemadeheadlinesinBostonEveningNews.3HowdidRockrespondwhenpeoplementionedhisheroicdeeds?AExcitedly.BProudly.CCalmly.DNervously.4WhatcausedRocktostopworkforTheArboretum?AThevastexpense.BThedangerousjourney.CThechal
9、lengingtasks.DTheunknownworld.B2022江西六校联考ItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesortheAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates (灵长目动物).Orwewouldprobablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchofmeat.Wit
10、houtcompetition, ColumbuswouldnthavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhaveinventedthelightbulb.Friendships, likeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople, involvecompetition.Itisntcompetitioninatraditionalsensebecausetherearenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinitionthesimultaneous (同时的) de
11、mandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources, suchasnutrients, livingspace, orlightbetterexplainsit.Asinnature, highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws, similartoashortenedversionofDarwinstheoryofevolution, overpopulation, andcompetition.Therearelotsofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguishthem,
12、 rankingandcategorizingtakeplace.Inhighschool, friendshipslearntocoexistwithcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact, insomecircumstances, competitionistoomuchofaburdenforafriendshiptobear, causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhighschoolobjective.Fouryearsofhardworkistoach
13、ievegoodgrades, andastudentsfateisdeterminednotonlybytheseachievements, butbytherecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachieveasimilarrecognition.Nevertheless, bynecessity, competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.Itsetsandimprovesthestandardsineverythingfromsportstoschoolwork.H
14、ealthy, friendlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits, butwhenitbecomestoofierce, jealousy (妒忌) cantearfriendshipsapart.Yet, despiteallthis, withoutcompetition, wewouldbelost.5Whatdoestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?AHowtowinthecompetition.BWhatcompetitionexactlyis.CWhattheresultofcompetitionis.DHowfr
15、iendscompetewitheachother.6Accordingtothewriter, whatcausesthehighschoolstudentstocompete?ATheyknowthelawsofnaturewell.BAfriendshipisaburdenforthem.CThenumberofthemistoolarge.DTheyaredividedintodifferentgroups.7Whichbestdescribestherelationshipofthefriendshipandcompetition?AThefriendshipisalwaysbase
16、doncompetition.BCompetitionisaresultofalostfriendship.CCompetitionisterriblyharmfultofriendships.DThedegreeofcompetitionisvitaltofriendships.8Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“competition”？ACompetitioniscertaintohappenatschool.BTheresultofcompetitionisoutofcontrol.CCompetitionbecomesfierceinhighschool.DThefr
17、iendshipisnotasimportantascompetitionatschool.七选五2022石家庄质量检测一Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyourenotashappyasyoudliketobe? BasedonmyownpersonalexperienceandthehappinessfactspublishedbyHarvardUniversity, Ivesummarizedthefollowinghabitsthatwillmakeyouhappy!Laughoften.Laughteristhemostpowerfulmedicineforangeror
18、depression.Researchhasshownthatthesimpleactofsmilingcanincreaseyourfeelingofhappiness. 1 Trytofindhumorandlaughterinlifeseverydaystruggles.Keepyouragreements.Ourselfrespectisbuiltontheagreementswevemadewithourselvesandwithothers.Andhighselfrespecthasadirectrelationshipwithhappiness. 2Doyourbestandth
19、enletgo.Everyonehaslimitations, andthingsdontalwaysturnouttobewhatwedlikethemtobedespiteourefforts.Soalwaysgiveyourbest, andthenletgo. 3 Whenyouvedoneyourbest, youllhavenoregrets.Giveback. 4 AccordingtoHarvard, whenpeopledogood, theirbrainsbecomeactiveintheverysamerewardcenterthatisstimulatedwhenthe
20、yexperienceotherrewards.Soitsnotasurprisethatpeoplewhocaremoreaboutothersarehappierthanthosewhocarelessaboutothers.Thesehappinesshabitshaveproventobetrueinmyownlife.DuringthoseperiodswhenIfocusondevelopingthehabitslistedabove, Idofeelhappierandmorefulfilledlikenow.Happinessisnotanaccident. 5ALeteven
21、tsruntheircourse.BSodonttakelifetooseriously.CSodowhatyousayyouregoingtodo.DWhenwesucceed, weremorelikelytobehappy.EThisisthebestwaytoovercomeyourlimitations.FItsaconsciousdecisionthattakesaconsciouseffort.GHelpingothersisoneofthesurestwaystofeelgood.完形填空2022武汉市质量检测OnedayIwasdrivingtothemarsh (湿地) f
22、orbirdwatching.Theweatherforecastcalledforthepossibilityoffog.AsI 1 thedestination, thefogbeganto 2.Ataturning, Ilost 3 ofthecarandranintothewetland.Itriedtoopenthedoor, butitwaslockedasthewaterhad 4 theelectricalsystem.IrememberedIhadafireextinguisher (灭火器).I 5 itandgavethewindowa 6 hit.Itmerelybou
23、ncedoff.Ihititagain, withthe 7 result.Thewaterlevelhadrisen, andsoonIwasswingingtheextinguisherunderwater.Ihadto 8 forairanddowntotakeasmany 9 asmybreathwouldallow.Iwasnearly 10.Apartofmejustwantedtogiveup.Butthenanotherthoughtcametomind, “Youhave 11 moretime.Whatwillyoudowithit？”“Imgoingtotry 12，”I
24、responded.I 13 swingingthefireextinguisherashardasIcouldandsuddenlytheimpactfeltdifferent.I 14 mylefthandandfeltaholeinthe 15.IknewIwasgoingto live.1A.soughtBapproachedCchoseDvisited2A.riseBliftCdecreaseDdisappear3A.sightBtrackCtouchDcontrol4A.operatedBsettledCshortedDdeveloped5A.brokeBgrabbedChungD
25、closed6A.gentleBmildCdirectDsharp7A.sameBjoyfulCpositiveDdifferent8A.gooutBgoawayCgoupDgoover9A.fistsBswingsCcutsDcalls10A.delightedBdisappointedCdeterminedDdesperate11A.alittleBmuchCplentyofDfar12A.weakerBharderCbetterDworse13A.startedBpausedCcontinuedDconsidered14A.wavedBshookCextendedDtook15A.car
26、BdoorCextinguisherDwindow.语法填空2022太原市三模Formanypeopleintheworld, foodwastehasbecomeahabit: buyingmorefoodthanweneedatmarkets，1._ (let) fruitandvegetablesspoilathomeortakingmorethanwecaneat.Thesehabitsputextrapressure2._ournaturalresourcesanddamageourenvironment.Whenwewastefood, wewastesomuchlabour, e
27、ffort, 3._ (invest) andthepreciousresourcesthatgointoproducingit, nottomentiontheresourcesintransportingandprocessingit.Inshort, wastingfoodincreasesgreenhousegasemissionsand4._ (contribute) toclimatechange.Its5._urgentissue.Infact, tonsoffoodislostorwasted6._ (global) everyday.Thepartoffoodthatislo
28、stfromharvestupto, butnotincluding, theretailleveliscalledfoodloss.Thepartwastedattheconsumerorretaillevel7._ (refer) toasfoodwaste.Wemakethisdistinctiontoaddressthoseroot8._ (cause) ofthisproblem, aproblemthateveryonefromfarmersandproducerstocustomerscanhelpend.Reducingfoodlossandwasteisessentialin
29、aworld9._millionsofpeoplegohungryeveryday.Whenwereducewaste, werespectthatfoodisnotagiven.Itsuptous10._ (change) ourhabitstomakenotwastingfoodawayoflife!课下天天练(十六)阅读语言运用组合练.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我人物经历旅游和探险【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了奥地利裔美国探险家、植物学家和人类学家JosephFrancisCharlesRock在中国西南地区的旅游和探险经历。1答案与解析：D主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段第
30、一句“In1924, HarvardsentJosephFrancisRockonatreasurehuntthroughChinassouthwesternprovincestheWildWestoftheirday.”可知，文章主要讲述了奥地利裔美国探险家、植物学家和人文学家JosephFrancisCharlesRock在中国西南地区的探险经历。故选D。2答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“HishanddrawnmapofhistravelsthroughChinasChoNiterritory, intheHarvardMapCollection, includesmore
31、thanathousandrivers, townsandmountainsindicatedinbothEnglishandChinese, andwassowellmadethattheUS.governmentusedittoplanaerialmissionsinWorldWar.”可知，除了在收集新品种的植物和标本上做出贡献，Rock手绘的地图也曾被用于第二次世界大战。故选B。3答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Indiscussinghisheroismincludinghairraisingescapesfromdeatheitherfrommountainslide
32、s, snowslidesandrobberarmies, hewavestheideaawayasifitisofnoimportance.”可知，在讨论Rock的英雄事迹时，虽然他经历过山体滑坡、雪崩以及强盗(的抢劫)，可他觉得那都不算什么。由此可推知，Rock在人们提到自己的英雄事迹时的反应很平静。故选C。4答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“TheArboretumandRockpartedwaysafter1927, mainlybecausehistripcostHarvardafortuneabout$900,000intodaysdollars.”可知，Rock不再在
33、植物园工作的主要原因是他旅行花费了很多钱。故选A。【亮点句积累】Indeclaringhissuccessfulreturnundertheheadline“SeekingStrangeFlowers, intheFarReachesoftheWorld”，theBostonEveningtranscriptranalargephotoofthedaringexplorerwearinginawoollycoatandfoxskinhat.(第五段第一句)译文：波士顿晚报以“在遥远的世界里寻找奇异的花朵”为题，刊登了一张这位大胆的冒险家身穿羊毛外套、头戴狐狸皮帽的巨幅照片，以宣告他返回成功。词
34、汇积累：extensivelyadv.广大地territoryn领土linguistn语言学家arrogantadj.傲慢的B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会社会生活竞争【语篇解读】竞争推动了人类社会的发展，是不可或缺的，本文说明了竞争的含义，指出在高中阶段竞争是不可避免的，还特别说明了如何在竞争和友谊中寻找平衡。5答案与解析：B考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段内容可知，ecologicaldefinition所在的句子是对前一句“Itisntcompetition.andnoprize”的补充说明，进一步说明竞争到底是什么，故选B。6答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“
35、Therearelotsof.categorizingtakeplace”可知，高中生数量多，为了区分他们，排名和分类就产生了，排名和分类就是竞争的具体形式，故选C。7答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Healthy, friendlycompetition.cantearfriendshipsapart”可知，正常合理的且友好的竞争只有好处，但当竞争太激烈时，妒忌能使友谊分崩离析。故D项“竞争的程度对友谊至关重要”正确。8答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless, bynecessity, competitionbetweenst
36、udentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife”可知，作者认为学生之间的竞争必然存在于高中学校生活的所有方面，故A选项“竞争在学校是必然会发生的”正确。.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我幸福让人幸福的几个习惯【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了几个让人幸福的习惯，包括常笑和帮助他人等。1答案与解析：B考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句表述的“研究表明，一个简单的微笑行为可以增加你的幸福感”和空后一句表述的“在每日的奋斗中努力找到幽默和笑声”可知，B项“所以不要跟生活太较真”符合语境。2答案与解析：C考查总结句。结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲自尊、言行一致和幸福三者之间的
37、关系。言行一致是自尊的基础，而高度的自尊又与幸福有直接关系，所以C项“因此你要言出必行”符合语境。3答案与解析：A考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是“所以永远尽自己最大的努力，然后放手”，而空后一句讲的是“当你已尽了自己最大努力，你就没有遗憾了”，因此A项“让事情顺其自然”符合语境。4答案与解析：G考查上下文衔接。本段总结句讲的是关心他人更多的人比关心他人更少的人更幸福，这并不是一个令人惊讶的事，故G项“帮助别人是能感到快乐的最可靠的方法之一”符合语境。5答案与解析：F考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句表述的“幸福不是一件偶然的事”可知，F项“这是一个需要有意识的努力来作出的有意识的决定”符合语境。.完
38、形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我个人故事作者是如何摆脱困境的【语篇解读】作者叙述自己有一天开车去沼泽地观鸟时，车子失去控制陷进了沼泽地，当作者处在危险的境地时，他经过不断的尝试和努力，成功摆脱了困境。1答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据文章中的“OnedayIwasdrivingtothemarsh (湿地) forbirdwatching”可知，有一天作者开车去沼泽地观鸟。显然，此句的意思是“当我快到(approached)目的地时”，故选B。而seek寻找，choose选择，visit参观，不符合文章的意思。2答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据前面的“Theweatherforecas
39、tcalledforthepossibilityoffog”可知，天气预报说可能有雾。显然要用rise，意思是“雾开始逐渐变大”，故选A。而lift举起，decrease减少，disappear消失，均不符合文章的意思。3答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据后面的“ranintothewetland”可以判断出，车陷进了沼泽地，这就暗示作者失去了对车的控制。短语losecontrolof意思是“失去对的控制”。losesightof看不见，忽略；losetrackof与失去联系。4答案与解析：C考查逻辑推断。此处表示“我试图打开门，但是门被锁住了，因为水使得电路系统短路(shorted)”。注意此
40、处short作动词，意思是“使短路”。而operate操作，settle解决，develop发展，均不符合文章的意思。5答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据上文中出现的fireextinguisher(灭火器)可推断，显然作者在这里是抓起(grabbed)了它，然后给窗户狠狠一击。break打破，hang悬挂，close关闭，不符合文章的意思。6答案与解析：D考查语境推断。作者用灭火器对窗户狠狠一击。对比选项gentle“柔和的，温柔的”，mild“轻微的，温和的”，direct“直接的”，sharp“急剧的，猛烈的”可以看出，使用sharp更符合句子的意思。7答案与解析：A考查语境推断。它只是弹
41、开了。作者又打了一下，结果还是一样(same)。其他选项joyful快乐的，positive积极的，different不同的，均不符合文章的意思。8答案与解析：C考查逻辑推断。根据前面的意思可知，水位上升，很快作者就在水下挥动灭火器。显然作者被淹没在水下了，他就不得不从水中浮上来(goup)呼吸空气。而goout出去，goaway离开，goover仔细检查，均不符合句子的意思。9答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据文章前面的意思，很快作者就在水下挥动灭火器，显然此处要用swings，意思是“摆动，挥动”，表示“只要我的呼吸允许，我必须尽可能多挥动灭火器”。fist拳头，cut伤口，call喊声，均
42、不符合文章的意思。10答案与解析：D考查逻辑推断。根据上下文可知，作者几乎绝望(desperate)了。而delighted高兴的，disappointed失望的，determined有决心的，均不符合文章的意思。11答案与解析：A考查语境推断。根据语境可知，作者感觉到他只有一点(alittle)时间了。而much许多，plentyof大量的，均与文章的意思不符。12答案与解析：B考查语境推断。根据语境可知，作者在这里心里想的一定是要更努力(harder)。而weaker更虚弱，better更好，worse更糟糕，不符合文章的意思。13答案与解析：C考查语境推断。作者继续(continued)
43、挥动着灭火器。而start开始，pause暂停，consider认为，均不符合文章的意思。14答案与解析：C考查语境推断。此句的意思是“我伸出(extended)左手，感觉到窗户上有个洞”。选项wave挥动，shake摇动，take拿，均不符合文章的意思。15答案与解析：D考查语境推断。根据上文中的“I5itandgavethewindowa6hit”可知，此处指的是窗户。.语法填空语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会社会现象食物浪费【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了当今社会食物浪费情况严重、这一现象造成的后果、食物损失与食物浪费的区别等，也讲述了世界上还有很多人每天吃不饱饭，所以我们应该减少食物浪费。
44、1答案与解析：letting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该空与前面的buying和后面的taking形成并列，所以空处需要填letting。2答案与解析：on考查介词。此处考查固定搭配putpressureon，意为“向施加压力”，所以空处需要填on。3答案与解析：investment考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处与labour, effort和thepreciousresources形成并列，同作waste的宾语，需要用到名词，所以填investment。4答案与解析：contributes考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处与increases形成并列，两者并列
45、作本句的谓语，且主语为wastingfood，所以空处需要填contributes。5答案与解析：an考查冠词。结合语境“这是一件紧迫的事情”可知，此处表泛指；且空后urgent的发音以元音音素开头，所以空处需要填an。6答案与解析：globally考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语，需要用副词，所以填globally。7答案与解析：isreferred考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，该空在句中作谓语；根据语境可知，此处需要用到一般现在时表示客观事实；根据语境“在消费者和零售层面浪费的部分被称作食物浪费”可知，本句语态为被动语态；主语Thepart为第三人称单数，所以空处填isreferred。8答案与解析：causes考查名词单复数。cause是一个可数名词，根据前面的those可知，空处需要用到复数，所以填causes。rootcause“根本原因”。9答案与解析：where考查关系副词。分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词world，该空指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。10答案与解析：tochange考查非谓语动词。此处考查的是固定句型Itsuptosb.todosth.，所以空处需要填tochange。
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