1、我们都想有一个健康的生活方式，但是日常生活中的一些小细节却使我们的生活变得不那么健康了。Is your lifestyle healthy? There may be many little and common habits that can endanger your daily life.Do you have the following unhealthy life habits?LyingWhether youre praising your best friends unflattering(有损形象的，不敢恭维的) hairstyle or “improving” on the
2、cost of your new designer shoes, you tell small lies from time to time.However, according to research, those little white lies could be more harmful than you think.Lying can produce feelings of stress which are damaging your health，and a study by researchers at the University of Notre Dame found tha
3、t when people reduced the amount of lies they told, they suffered from less headaches，sore throats and anxiety.Eating at your deskIf youre having a busy day in work, it can be tempting to skip(跳过，不做) your lunch break and eat at your desk.However，missing out on breaks is not only bad for your stress
4、levels, eating when distracted(分心) may also mean you are more likely to overeat.Furthermore，spending your lunch hour at your desk can lengthen the time you are physically inactive and also expose you to harmful bacteria.According to a study by the University of Arizona, your work station contains ne
5、arly 400 times more germs than the average toilet seat，making it a less than ideal place for dining.Using cash machinesWithdrawing money from ATM machines is a common habit for most of us.However, cleanliness tests in Britain have revealed that cash machines are just as dirty as public toilets，and m
6、any of us are failing to wash our hands after using them.Experts assessed swabs(药棉棒) from the key pads on cash machines and also from nearby public toilets and found that they both contained the same types of bacteria known to cause sickness.To look after your health, use an antibacterial(抗菌的) hand
7、solution once you have made your withdrawal(取款) and after handling money.Section Welcome to the unit & ReadingWarming Up1surgeon n外科医师2chew vi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃3vital adj.对极重要的，必不可少的4potential n.可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能adj.潜在的，可能的5mass adj.大规模的；数量极多的n.一团，一堆；许多；(物理)质量6sickness n.疾病；恶心，呕吐7symptom n.症状；征兆8revolution
8、n巨变，大变革；革命；旋转，天体运行revolutionary adj.革命的n.革命者9counter n柜台；计数器；反驳vt.反驳；抵制，抵消count v计算；视为；依赖；重要n.计数；总数10beneficial adj.有益的，有用的benefit n利益；津贴；保险金vt.有益于11possess vt.拥有，具有possession n拥有；财产；所有12circulate vi.&vt.循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅circulation n. 循环；传播13abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的normal adj.(反义词)正常的14astonish vt.使十分惊讶，
9、使吃惊astonished adj.吃惊的astonishing adj.令人吃惊的astonishment n惊讶；令人惊讶的事物15application n应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷apply vt.申请；涂；应用16unable adj.不能，无法able adj.(反义词)能，能够17effective adj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的effect n. 影响，效果18approval n批准，通过；赞成，同意approve v批准，通过；赞成，同意19accelerate vt.& vi.(使)加速，加快acceleration n加速，加快20bleed vi.
10、流血，失血bleeding adj.出血的；悲痛的n.流血1focus on集中于2open up打开；开拓3in the form of以形式4carry out执行，实施5try out测试，试验；参加选拔6in large quantities大量地7pick out挑选出8by accident偶然地1if省略句Have you ever seen a doctor? If so,what happened?你曾经看过医生吗？如果看过的话，发生了什么事情？2强调句型It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffma
11、nn produced aspirin from this chemical.1897年一个叫菲利克斯霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师用这种化学物质制成了阿司匹林。3部分倒装Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain,but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。4that引导的同位语从句Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, int
12、roduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks,because it helped the blood circulate better.美国医生劳伦斯克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血液循环。5不定式短语作真正的主语It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead,which meant that the mould had
13、killed them.令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着这种霉杀死了它们。6虚拟语气If penicillin had not been available,many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds.如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。 Scan the text and answer the following questions.1When was aspirin first sold as a tablet?_答案：In 1900.2What did Fleming
14、, Florey and Chain share? _答案：The Nobel Prize. Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.1Whats the main idea of this passage?AFamous doctors.BHow penicillin and aspirin were invented.CAspirin and penicillin.DHow to keep healthy.2Which of the following is considered to be the time when aspi
15、rin was invented?A3，500 years ago.B2，500 years ago.C1897.D1899.3Which of the following can NOT aspirin be used for?AKeeping quiet.BPainkilling.CCuring diabetes.DReducing heart attacks.4Which of the following is TRUE?APenicillin can keep people healthy by thinning their blood.BAspirin can save lives
16、by killing bacteria.CAspirin was discovered by accident.DPenicillin was discovered by chance.答案：14.CCAD Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.1What other things can aspirin help with besides reducing fever and pain?_答案：It can also help reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinnin
17、g blood, prevent a stroke, reduce the risk of some cancers, increase the length of peoples lives and help with diabetes.2Where did Alexander Fleming find penicillin?_答案：In the mould that killed bacteria.3What illness can penicillin be used to treat?_答案：It can be used to treat illnesses caused by bac
18、teria.4Why were Fleming, Florey and Chain given the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945?_答案：Because Fleming discovered penicillin and the others turned it into the great drug which saved millions of lives. Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1It was in 1897 that a European chemist call
19、ed Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical. 这是一个强调句。强调时间状语in 1897；called Dr Felix Hoffmann是过去分词短语作_。 尝试翻译_答案：定语；1897年一个叫菲利克斯霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师用这种化学物质制成了阿司匹林。2It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead, which meant that the mould had killed them.这是一个主从复合句。主句是It astonished h
20、im to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead；It是 _，不定式短语作真正的主语；surrounding the mould dead是分词短语作补语；which meant that the mould had killed them是_从句；其中that the mould had killed them是that引导的宾语从句。 尝试翻译令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉_，这意味着_。答案：形式主语；非限制性定语；周围的细菌都死了；这种霉杀死了它们Two lifesaving medicinesThis article will foc
21、us on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine.If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin .Both of these medicines have saved millions of peoples lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they
22、were invented.AspirinAspirin was invented in 1897.However, the basic chemical used to make aspirin can be found in nature. Nearly 3，500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.About 2，500 years ago, the G
23、reek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid for the same effect6.It was in 1897 that7 a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical. The first trials8 of this medicine took place9 in 1899, when the compa
24、ny Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form: to physicians to use with patients. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets;.Within a short time, aspirin became the bestselling medicine in the world for pain relief.lifesavinglaIfseIvIadj.救命的，救生的
25、focus on/upon 集中(注意力、精力)于revolutionrevlunn.巨变，大变革；革命；旋转，天体运行that 引导定语从句，修饰 two drugs。open up 打开cupboardkbdn.橱柜；食物柜；衣柜counterkant(r)n.柜台；计数器；反驳vt.反驳；抵制，抵消it is likely that 可能aspirinsprInn.阿司匹林penicillinpenIsIlInn.盘尼西林，青霉素save ones life 救某人的命beneficialbenIfIladj.有益的，有用的be beneficial to 对有用过去分词短语作后置定语，
26、修饰chemical。chewtuvi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃过去分词短语作 tea 的后置定语。possesspzesvt.拥有，具有现在分词短语作 leaves 的后置定语。Greek n希腊人 adj.希腊的；希腊语的physician n医师；内科医师 surgeon n外科医生salicylic acidslIsIlIksIdn.水杨酸acidsIdn.酸，酸性物质 adj.酸的，酸性的；酸味的；尖酸的6现在分词短语作a tree bark 的后置定语。7It was . that .是强调句型，在此强调时间状语in 1897。8trial 试验，试用9take place发生(
27、无被动语态):in.form/in the form of. 以形式;tablettbltn.药片；丸 other things that aspirin can help with?.Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potentialA to reduce the risk of heart attacksB, because it helped the blood circulateC better.The report was ignored.
28、However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin could have that effect, and in 1977 a study carried out in the USAD showed that aspirin could prevent strokesE, as well. Eleven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that aspirin could reduce the risk of some cancers byF 40 per ce
29、nt. In 1999, aspirin was over 100 years old, and yet there have been more discoveries about how it can help increase the length of peoples livesG.In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that aspirin could reduce blood sugarH levels and, therefore, help people with diabetesI.=vitalvaItladj
30、.对极重要的，必不可少的It is vital that .(should) do . 从句用虚拟语气。not only . but also .连接并列分句，not only . 位于句首时，该分句用部分倒装结构。?that引导定语从句，修饰 other things。that 引导同位语从句。Apotentialptenln.可能性，潜在性；潜能，潜力 adj.潜在的，可能的 have the potential to do sth.有做某事的可能Bheart attack n心脏病发作CcirculateskjleItvi.&vt. 循环；传播D过去分词短语作 a study 的后置定语
31、。Estrokestrkn.中风，脑溢血；(打、击等)一下 vt.轻抚，抚摸F表示增加或减少的百分比时要用介词by; 表示增加或减少到多少的时候，要用介词to。Ghow 引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。Hblood sugar n血糖IdiabetesdaIbitizn.糖尿病阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。美国医生劳伦斯克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血液循环。该报告并未引起人们的注意。但是，1971年，英国医生史密斯和威利斯证实阿司匹林的确有此功效。1977年，美国的一项研究表明，阿司匹林还能预防中风。
32、11年后，美国医生图恩证明，阿司匹林可以使某些癌症的发病率降低40%。到1999年，阿司匹林已有一百多年的历史，但是在它如何能够帮助延年益寿方面仍然有更多的发现。2003年，中国医生袁敏生发现，阿司匹林可以降低血糖水平，从而帮助糖尿病患者。 PenicillinAnother drug that has helped increase the standard of peoples health is penicillinJ, which is considered by many to be one of the most important medicines in contemporar
33、yK societyL.It was discovered by a Scottish scientist named Alexander Fleming in 1928.He noted that a dish in which he was trying to grow bacteria for an experiment looked abnormalMthere was blue mouldN in it. It astonishedO him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead, which meant that the mo
34、uld had killed them. Fleming tried this mould outP on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.He immediately realized that the mould might have an applicationQ in treating illnesses caused by bacteria. He named the liquid made from the mould penicillin. However, the development
35、of penicillin as a drug faced two problems.First, he was unableR to find a procedure to make penicillin pure enough to work asS a medicine. Second, it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantitiesT needed to be effectiveU. In 1940, two other scientists, Howard Florey (Australian) and E
36、rnst Chain (Germanborn English), helped solve these problems, and managed to makeV and test the new drug in large quantities.Since the new drug was needed for World War W, the government approvalX process for penicillin was acceleratedY, and mass productionZ began in 1944. Due to the widespread use
37、of penicillin, many lives were saved during the war. If penicillin had not been available, many people would have died from sickness or even small wounds. Penicillin became the greatest drug of the 20th century, saving millions of lives_.In 1945, the three scientists, Fleming, Florey and Chain, shar
38、ed the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work. Jthat 引导定语从句，修饰drug。 Kcontemporary adj.当代的Lwhich 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰penicillin。Mabnormalbnmladj.不正常的，反常的(ab为否定前缀)in which 引导定语从句，修饰a dish，此时相当于关系副词where。Nmouldmldn.霉，霉菌OastonishstnIvt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊Ptry out 测试，试验；参加选拔try . out on 在上试验某物QapplicationplIkeInn.应用，运用；申
39、请，申请表；涂抹have an application in doing sth.在做某事方面有用途RunableneIbladj.不能，无法 be unable to do 不能做Swork as 充当 ，担当Tin quantity 大量UeffectiveIfektIvadj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的Vmanage to do 设法做成Wsince 引导原因状语从句。Xapprovalpruvln.批准，通过；赞成，同意YacceleratekselreItvt.&vi. (使)加速，加快Zmassmsadj.大规模的 n一团，一堆；许多；(物理)质量 mass producti
40、on n批量生产due to 由于(在此处作状语)die from 死于 (外因)die of 死于(内因)sicknesssIknsn.疾病；恶心，呕吐与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，从句谓语用had done，主句谓语用would/could/might/should have done。_现在分词短语作结果状语。the Nobel Prize in Medicine 诺贝尔医学奖the Nobel Prize in Literature 诺贝尔文学奖青霉素另外一种帮助人们提高健康水平的药物是青霉素。许多人认为这种药是当代社会最重要的药物之一。它是由一名叫亚历山大弗莱明的苏格兰科学家于1928
41、年发现的。为了做实验，他试图在一个碟子中培育细菌，他注意到这个碟子看起来有些异常它里面有蓝色的霉。令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着这种霉杀死了它们。弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。他立刻意识到这种霉或许能用于治疗由细菌引起的疾病。他将由这种霉制成的液体命名为“青霉素”。然而，青霉素的药物研发面临两个难题。首先，他难以找到一种方法来提纯药用的青霉素。其次，有效所需的青霉素也难以足量生产。在1940年，另外两位科学家霍华德弗洛里(澳大利亚人)和恩斯特钱恩(在德国出生的英国人)帮助解决了这些问题，成功地大量制造和测试这种新药物。由于这种新药为
42、第二次世界大战所需，政府审批青霉素的流程得以加快，并且于1944年大批量生产。正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间的很多生命得以挽救。如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。青霉素挽救了无数人的性命。成为20世纪最了不起的药物。由于他们的工作成果，这三名科学家，弗莱明、弗洛里和钱恩于1945年共同获得了诺贝尔医学奖。 A卷 学生用书P101(单独成册) 阅读理解AGrowing up in my household meant often hearing live music.When I was six years old, I took a traditional Irish st
43、ep dance class I fell in love and stuck with it for the next seven years. During that time my father also became more involved in the Irish music world, so he would play, and I would dance.My ethnic heritage(族裔归属) is German and Irish, but because I was surrounded by traditional Irish music and dance
44、 in my home, I have grown to be more interested in and connected to my Irish heritage.When I started interning(实习) for the Folklife Festival, I became interested in traditional Basque music and dance and I learned that their experience with dance is very similar to my own.There are so far over 170 B
45、asque organizations in 24 countries, with a greater population of Basques outside of the Basque country than in it.The separation they experience from their homeland is both physical and psychological, so being part of a group with the same interests is an important social support system.These organ
46、izations contribute to the continuation of Basque culture, language, and community, and encourage future generations to learn about their ethnic heritage.One of the ways they achieve this is through dance.While learning and performing Basque dances, they connect to their heritage, experience a part
47、of their homeland, preserve Basque culture, and create connections and friendships that last a lifetime.Californian Valerie Arrechea began teaching alongside her father at the age of thirteen and on her own at sixteen.For her, dance is her preferred expression of heritage; it provides a way to be pr
48、oud of her Basque heritage.The dance performances of North American Basque organizations have developed the interest of nonBasque Americans as well.Janet Iribarne from the Basque Dancers explained that their organization is open to anyone, and after seeing her group perform, several of her nonBasque
49、 friends have developed their own love of Basque traditions as well.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一次实习中接触到了巴斯克传统音乐和舞蹈并了解到：它们不仅带给巴斯克裔美国人民族认同感，由此建立的友谊也使他们终生难忘。1What is the reason for the authors preference for Irish dance?AHer dance teacher.BHer love of Irish music.CHer interning experience.DHer familys strong ro
50、ot in dance.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的because I was surrounded by.to my Irish heritage 可知，作者喜欢爱尔兰舞蹈是源于家庭氛围的熏陶。2What do we know about Basque people?AMost of them live abroad.BTheir culture is being lost.CThey live in poor conditions.DTheir population is increasing.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的with a greater population of
51、 Basques outside of the Basque country than in it 可知，大多数巴斯克人生活在国外。3What is the purpose of Basque organizations?ATo help Basques in need.BTo preserve Basque culture.CTo provide medical treatment for Basques.DTo support overseas Basque children for education.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的These organizations contri
52、bute to the continuation of Basque culture, language, and community, and encourage future generations to learn about their ethnic heritage.可知，这些巴斯克组织旨在保护、传承传统文化。4Whats nonBasque Americans attitude towards Basque dance?AThey show no interest in it.BThey find it difficult to learn.CThey are enthusiast
53、ic about it.DThey are concerned about its future.C解析：观点态度题。根据末段中的The dance performances of North American Basque organizations have developed the interest of nonBasque Americans as well.可知，其他美国人对巴斯克舞蹈很感兴趣。BRecently, a painting of actress Elizabeth Taylor, which was drawn by American artist and filmm
54、aker Andy Warhol, sold for US. D|S63 million. Another simple blackandwhite image of a CocaCola bottle sold for US. D|S35 million. But the alltime record for a Warhol painting is D|S100 million for a piece titled Eight Elvises. Whats amazing is not that the pieces sold for so much, but the fact that
55、they are not what you would call traditional art. They are “pop art”， based on simple images of things and people from advertising, movies, music and daytoday life. Born in the 1920s, Warhol grew up mostly separated from other children due to(由于) health problems. He spent a lot of his time alone dra
56、wing and then went on to study art in college. He began his career as a commercial(商业的) artist, creating pictures for magazine articles and newspaper ads. That inspired him to experiment with pop art and he hosted Americas first pop art exhibition in the 1960s. The show met with a lot of discussion
57、with some people saying that what he was doing was not art. Warhol followed his first works with a series we are all familiar withpaintings of CocaCola bottles, Brillo soap pad boxes, and portraits(肖像) of famous people. Soon after, Warhol stopped creating his own artwork. Instead, he had assistants
58、and other artists create them at his studio called “The Factory”. Warhol wanted to show the world that art doesnt have to be complex or original; it can be created by anyone using ordinary things. Today, Warhols work is unmistakable in its uniqueness. No matter how you may feel about his work, one t
59、hing cannot be argued. He introduced the world to a whole new art form, inspiring future generations of artists, and eventually becoming one of the most famous and successful pop art artists in the world.【解题导语】本文主要讲了一位艺术家Andy Warhol，他创造了流行艺术，并且他举办了第一个流行艺术展。他想告诉人们，艺术没有必要很复杂，很创新，它可以由任何人用普通的东西创造出来。5Dur
60、ing his childhood, Warhol _Adrew pictures for magazinesBalways lived a lonely lifeCshowed no interest in artDliked to paint and danceB解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Born in the 1920s, Warhol grew up mostly separated from other children due to(由于) health problems. He spent a lot of his time alone drawing and then w
61、ent on to study art in college.”可知，因为身体原因，他只能独自待着，不能与其他人接触，所以他童年很孤独。所以选B。6Calling his studio “The Factory”， Warhol tried to show _Ahis studio was as big as a factoryBpop art is different from traditional artCartists prefer to work in a factoryDart should be simple and easy to produceD解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的
62、“Warhol wanted to show the world that art doesnt have to be complex or original; it can be created by anyone using ordinary things.”可知，他取名工厂，是想告诉人们艺术也可以很简单、很容易被创作出来。所以选D。7What would be the best title for the text?AAndy Warhols World of Pop ArtBWomen in the Pop Art MovementCA Fun Popart Selfportrait
63、for KidsDPopular Paintings by Andy WarholA解析：标题归纳题。这篇文章主要讲了Andy Warhol创造的流行艺术。所以选A。CPetrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads，but their days are numbered.A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the US.That figure cou
64、ld rise to 98 per cent by 2020.One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety”drivers concerns about running out of juice on a journey.While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems，the necessary network of electric charging stations is st
65、ill being developed.That said，charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the US.A.Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years.Not that long ago，electric cars were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away.Thanks
66、 to improvements in battery capacity，recharging times，performance and price，the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics.Plugin cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.As well as advancements on the road，electric vehicles are taking to t
67、he seas and skies.Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel，having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrolpowered outboard motors took over.Now，the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back.
68、Steps towards electric air travel are also being made，with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes.The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions.Were the US. to act on the studys findi
69、ngs and replace 87 per cent of its cars with electric vehicles，it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent.However，because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles，they cannot claim to be completely emissionfree.That said，as ma
70、ny countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources，electric vehicles will become even cleaner.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。8Which is the best title for this passage?AMy Dream CarBHistory of Electric CarsCProblems with Petrol CarsDDriving into the FutureD解析：
71、标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。D项“驶向未来”形象地概括了文章的主旨，故选D项。9As used in Paragraph 2，the underlined word “hurdle” means “_”AaimBbarrierCconsequenceDstepB解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“drivers concerns about running out of juice on a journey”可知，司机担心在路上没电的问题。因此，这是电动汽车普及的一个障碍，故选B项。10In the past，why did
72、many people refuse to buy the electric cars?AThey were not good value.BThey were very poorly made.CThey were not widely promoted.DThey couldnt travel at a high speed.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Not that long ago，electric cars were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away.”可知，人们是被当时这种电
73、动汽车的价格吓跑的；根据该段中的“Thanks to improvements in battery capacity，recharging times，performance and price，the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics.”可知，随着电池容量、可充电次数的增加、汽车性能的改善和价格的优化，这一代电动汽车已经开始吸引消费者购买了。这说明以前的电动汽车在各方面还不够完善，人们认为不值那个价钱。故选A项。11What is the function of Paragraph 4?A
74、To introduce the history of electric travel.BTo explain why the world needs more electric cars.CTo show why more people have interest in electric cars.DTo describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.D解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies”可知，除了在公路上，其他地方也可以使用电动交
75、通工具。故选D项。 七选五China has been the birthplace of many of the worlds greatest inventions.It was，for example，the first country to produce paper money.Before the invention of paper money and coins，people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.1._This exchange of goods and services for
76、other goods and services is called bartering.2_In 1，200 BC.，people in China began to use shells(贝壳) as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances，and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.In t
77、he years which followed this invention，many other countries around the world began to do the same.3._The next development was in 1，000 BC.，when China started making bronze and copper shells.It wasnt long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.4._By 500 BC.，metal coins had begun to appear i
78、n countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.About 1，000 years later，leather was used as money in China，and in 806 AD.，the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.5._APeople also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.BHowever，as economies developed，such ex
79、changes became impractical.CIt was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.DThey also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.EAs time went by，trade between countries increased.FDuring that time，for example，buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.GThe very first coins
80、 often had holes in them so that people could string them together.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要按照时间顺序讲述了中国和世界上其他国家货币发展的历史。1F解析：根据空前的“people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling”及空后的“This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.”可知，此处主要讲的是“物物交换”，F项中的
81、“buying a chicken might cost several potatoes”是“物物交换”的一个例子，符合上下文文意，故选F项。2B解析：本文第一段讲的是“物物交换”；根据空后的“In 1，200 BC.people in China began to use shells(贝壳) as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.”可知，第二段讲的是“贝壳作为货币使用”，故此空的作用是承上启下。B项中的“such exchanges”与第一段最后一句中的“This exchange”相呼应，且B项中的“Howe
82、ver”以及“impractical”表明“物物交换”有局限性，所以出现了更加方便携带的贝壳货币，符合上下文文意，故选B项。3D解析：根据第二段内容及空前的“many other countries around the world began to do the same”可知，许多其他国家也开始这样做了。“to do the same”指的就是“也开始用贝壳作为买卖的货币”，故D项“他们也使用小贝壳作为货币进行买卖”符合上下文文意，故选D项。4G解析：根据空前的“It wasnt long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.”
83、可知，中国出现了金属制成的圆形钱币；根据空后的“By 500 BC.metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.”可知，到公元前500年这种金属钱币开始在其他国家出现。故空处应是解释这种金属钱币在其他国家出现的原因。故选G项“这种首次出现的钱币上通常有孔以便人们把它们串起来”。5C解析：根据空前的“the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people”可知，此处讲到了纸币首先
84、由中国人创造，故C项“很多年后纸币才出现在欧洲”与此处衔接紧密，故选C项。B卷 学生用书P103(单独成册) 阅读理解(2019成都高二月考)Flaubert had it that “one way of tolerating existence is to lose oneself in literature as in an unending party”. It turns out that reading doesnt only help us to tolerate existence, but actually lengthens it.A recent study by Yal
85、e University researchers, published online in the journal Social Science&Medicine, concluded that“book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of followup compared to nonreaders”The data was obtained from the study sponsored by the National Institute on Agin
86、g. The study looked at 3，635 subjects, all older than 50, whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didnt read books, those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week.The findings were remarkable：on average, book readers survived almost two years lon
87、ger than those who didnt crack open a book. The more the subjects read, the longer they lived, but as little as 30 minutes a day was still beneficial in terms of survival.Accounting for factors such as education level, income and health status, the study found that those who read more than 3.5 hours
88、 weekly were 23 percent less likely to die during that 12year period. Those who read up to 3.5 hoursan average of a half hour a daywere 17 percent less likely.“In other words, just like a healthy diet and exercise, books appear to promote a significant survival advantage，”the authors concluded.Why o
89、r how thats the case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity, not a causal relationship. But the findings are not so surprising. Other recent research showed that reading novels appears to increase both brain connectivity and sympathy.【解题导语】研究发现，阅读和
90、长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁。1Why does the author mention Flauberts words in the first paragraph?ATo stress the value of reading.BTo compare reading with a party.CTo introduce the study on reading.DTo support the findings of the study.C解析：推理判断题。文章第一段引用Flaubert的名言说明读书的作用，接着第二段介绍了耶鲁大学关于读书与死亡风险之间关系的研究。
91、据此可以判断，引用Flaubert的名言旨在介绍对阅读的作用的研究，故C项正确。2From the text, what can we learn about the study?ANo similar study on reading has been carried out.BThe process of the study lasted more than ten years.CIt shows readers live two years longer than nonreaders.DIt shows time spent on reading increases ones love
92、 for it.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“book readers.to nonreaders”可知，在12年的跟踪调查中发现，与不读书的人相比，阅读者的死亡风险降低了20%。据此可知，该项调查持续了十多年，故B项正确。3What do the underlined words “thats the case” probably mean?AReading books enables people to live longer.BReading is similar to a healthy diet and exercise.CReading books is closely as
93、sociated with longevity.DReading increases brain connectivity and sympathy.A解析：词义猜测题。根据上文中的“books appear to promote a significant survival advantage”及上文所述的研究结论“读书可以延长寿命”和该句“Why or how thats the case.not a causal relationship.”可知，阅读为什么以及以什么方式延长读者寿命，人们仍然不清楚。据此可知，画线词指代研究表明的“读书可以延长寿命”，故A项正确。4Where can w
94、e most probably read this text?Ahttps：/Bhttps：/Chttps：/Dhttp：/www.thebookbag.co.uk/BookRecommendations.C解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁，阅读能增强大脑的功能。据此可以判断，本文属于健康类话题，因此最可能摘自健康网站，故C项正确。 完形填空Grady threw down his backpack and slammed the car door shut.“This is going to be a really_
95、1_week，” he said unhappily to no one_2_He looked around the campground.Hundreds of bluegreen fir trees，some as tall as church towers，_3_the mountainside，giving it the appearance of a lush green carpet.The sun would be setting soon.Then，Grady thought，maybe the_4_wouldnt feel so bad.Even up here in th
96、e_5_，the hot stickiness of July clung to him.Grady hated camping，but it was something his family _6_every summer.His father liked cooking over an open fire，telling stories about how to _7_things like bear attacks and swarms of bees.His mother and younger brother Jared liked to hike and take_8_ of an
97、imals.Jared had a collection of bug pictures that hed_9_to the walls in his half of their room.Grady thought they were just scary and considered them proof that Jared was a_10_kid.They set up camptwo_11_，one for his parents and one for himself and Jared.While everyone else started _12_ dinner，Grady，
98、looking for some place to cool down，set off for the nearby stream，which was deep enough to_13_in.As he_14_the stream，something caught his eye.There was a(n)_15_black bear cubno more than two feet tall with a lovely face.It was playing_16_at the waters edge，_17_its surroundings.Grady moved closer to
99、get a_18_look.Then Grady heard a sound behind him.He_19_his father saying that bear cubs would never be_20_Then he turned around and saw the cubs mother moving swiftly towards him.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是Grady和家人一起露营，由于天气太热，Grady独自一人去找小溪乘凉，却遇到了黑熊的故事。1A.longBinterestingCpeacefulDriskyA解析：根据空后的“unhappily
100、”可知，此处应用long表示这一周会很漫长。long“漫长的”；interesting“有趣的”；peaceful“和平的，平静的”；risky“危险的，冒险的”。2A.in advanceBin briefCin particularDin silenceC解析：他不高兴地自言自语道：“这将是很漫长的一周。” Grady并没有特别地对某个人说，因此，C项符合语境。in silence“安静地，无声地”。3A.blockedBcoveredCreflectedDscarredB解析：数以百计的蓝绿色冷杉树，有些像教堂塔一样高，覆盖着山坡，使山坡呈现出一个郁郁葱葱的像绿色地毯的外观。从下文的“c
101、arpet”可知，数以百计的冷杉树覆盖着山坡。block“阻止，阻塞”；cover“覆盖”；reflect“反射，映出”；scar“结疤，给留下伤痕”。4A.dustBcampgroundCheatDsunC解析：根据上文中的“The sun would be setting soon.”及下文中的“the hot stickiness of July clung to him”可知，Grady认为太阳下山后就不会那么热了。故C项heat“高温”符合语境。dust“尘土”；campground“野营地”。5A.mountainBriverCskyDtowerA解析：即使在山上，7月的炎热依旧如
102、影随形。根据上文中的“mountainside”可知，作者的野营地在山上。故选A项。6A.believed inBinsisted onCcame acrossDlived throughB解析：Grady讨厌野营，但是这是他家人每年夏天坚持的事情。根据空前的转折词but可知，Grady的家人和他的想法相反。believe in“相信”；insist on“坚持”；come across“偶遇”；live through“经历过”。故选B项。7A.encourageBexploreCrecognizeDsurviveD解析：他的父亲喜欢在户外的火上做饭，讲关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂的攻击下生存下来
103、的故事。根据空后的“bear attacks and swarms of bees”可知，这些故事是关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂攻击下生存的。survive“幸存，生还”符合语境。encourage“鼓励”；explore“探索”；recognize“认识，认出”。8A.careBcontrolCpicturesDexamplesC解析：根据后一句中的“Jared had a collection of bug pictures”可知，本空指给动物拍照。take pictures of“拍的照片”，为固定搭配。9A.guidedBpinnedCtakenDthrownB解析：根据空后的“to the
104、 walls”可知，这些照片是被钉在墙上的。guide“指导，引导”；pin“(用钉等)钉住”；take“携带”；throw“扔”。10A.sensitiveBsmartCtoughDstrangeD解析：根据语境可知，Grady认为这些(虫子的照片)非常吓人，并且把它们当作证明Jared是一个奇怪的孩子的证据。sensitive“敏感的”；smart“聪明的”；tough“坚强的”；strange“奇怪的”。11A.bedsBroomsCtentsDplatesC解析：根据空前的“camp”可知，此处是搭起两个帐篷。bed“床”；room“房间”；tent“帐篷”；plate“盘子”。故选C
105、项。12A.alteringBhuntingCorderingDpreparingD解析：根据空后的“dinner”及常识可知，此处表示准备晚餐。alter“改变”；hunt“打猎”；order“点菜”；prepare“准备”。13A.digBswimChideDsinkB解析：当其他人都在开始准备晚餐的时候，Grady想要寻找清凉的地方，于是动身去附近的小溪。这条小溪足够深，可以在里面游泳。根据本句中的“looking for some place to cool down”可知，Grady想在小溪里游泳凉快一下。dig“挖”；swim“游泳”；hide“躲藏”；sink“沉没”。14A.c
106、rossedBimaginedCleftDnearedD解析：根据上文中的“set off for the nearby stream”可知，Grady朝小溪走去，因此此处表示离小溪越来越近。near“靠近(某地方)”符合语境。15A.adorableBaggressiveCinjuredDlargeA解析：根据空后的“no more than two feet tall with a lovely face”可知，小黑熊很可爱。adorable“可爱的”；aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”；injured“受伤的”。故选A项。16A.cautiouslyBjoyfullyCforcef
107、ullyDnervouslyB解析：小黑熊在水边快乐地玩耍，忽视了它周围的环境。cautiously“小心地，谨慎地”；joyfully“高兴地”；forcefully“强有力地”；nervously“紧张地”。故选B项。17A.attackingBdestroyingChatingDignoringD解析：参见上题解析。attack“攻击，进攻”；destroy“破坏”；hate“讨厌”；ignore“忽视，不顾”。18A.betterBbrighterCfixedDlastingA解析：Grady走近了一点，想看得更清楚一些。get a better look“看得更清楚”。19A.fou
108、ndBlearnedCrememberedDmisunderstoodC解析：这时Grady听到后面传来一阵声音，Grady记起父亲说过熊的幼仔不会单独出行的。find“发现”；learn“学会，了解到”；remember“记得”；misunderstand“误解”。20A.aloneBawakeCcuteDscaredA解析：根据空后的“Then he turned around and saw the cubs mother moving swiftly towards him.”可知，小黑熊的妈妈正朝Grady迅速地走来。因此，此处表示熊的幼仔从来不会单独出行。alone“独自的”；aw
109、ake“醒着的”；cute“漂亮的，聪明的”；scared“恐惧的，惊恐的”。 语法填空The robot lawn mowers(割草机) 1._(design) by us have the following benefits besides saving your time and effort.First, they are environmentally friendly.With global warming now 2. _(be) a major concern you can have peace of mind with these mowers. They run on
110、 rechargeable batteries and do not use petrol or burn oil like conventional lawn mowers.Second, they work very 3._(quiet). After careful assessment, noise from them 4._(find) to be about 60 decibels(分贝) lower than a typical lawn mower, so you can program them to work at night while you sleep.Third,
111、rain sensors(传感器) in our robot lawn mowers warn the robot 5. _(return) to its shelter or stay in its shelter while its raining. On 6._ other hand, if you are using a simple electric lawn mower, you will have to stay out in the rain while you get your mower under shelter 7._it will be useless.Fourth,
112、 bump sensors in our robot lawn mower protect the lawn mower from running over items 8._ may be lying in the yard, thus increasing its life and efficiency.Last but not least, they are 9._(benefit) for people with allergy (过敏症) problemsthey can cut your grass while you sit far away, reading your favo
113、rite novel 10. _comfort. 1designed解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语修饰robot lawn mowers，design与robot lawn mowers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且design所表示的动作已发生，故填designed。2being解析：考查动词ing形式作补语的用法。此处是with复合结构作状语，因global warming与be之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且be所表示的状态与谓语动词所表示的状态同时存在，故填being。3quietly解析：考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词work，故填副词quietly。4was found解析：
114、考查一般过去时的被动语态。由After careful assessment可知，此处用一般过去时，又因noise与find之间是被动关系，故填was found。5to return解析：考查不定式作宾补的用法。warn sb./sth.to do sth.意为“提醒某人/某物做某事”。6the解析：考查定冠词。on the other hand意为“另一方面”。7or/otherwise解析：考查连词。设空处连接两个分句，表示“否则，要不然”，故填or/otherwise。8that/which解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词items，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。9beneficial解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，意为“有益的，有帮助的”，故填beneficial。10in解析：考查介词。in comfort意为“舒适地”。
