1、Unit 4Extended reading & Project. 单词拼写1. Can you give a more precise definition(定义) of the word? 2. It wouldnt be practical(切合实际的) for us to go all that way just for the weekend. 3. The students return in October for the start of the new academic(学术的) year. 4. They never learned skills to engage(吸引)
2、 the attention of the others. 5. There is no reason why love shouldnt cross the age barrier(障碍). 6. What was the authors initial(最初的)purpose of collecting newspaper articles? 7. They are cautiously optimistic(乐观的) that the reforms will take place. 8. It annoyed(使生气)me that I didnt have time to do mo
3、re ironing. 9. The rocket launched two communications satellites(卫星). 10. The garden was transformed at great expense(花费). . 选词填空at the forefront of; a host of; boil down to; deal with; at the expense of; a variety of; look forward to; in terms of; figure out; keep in mind1. It may all boil down to
4、a misunderstanding. 2. Dont stress minor issues at the expense of the central task. 3. China will be at the forefront of fighting climate change. 4. We look forward to strengthening our already close co-operation with the police. 5. A host of problems may delay the opening of the new bridge. 6. I am
5、 going to draw up a list of questions everyone should keep in mind when they are writing their journals. 7. He has some unfinished business to deal with. 8. No one could figure out how he got to be so wealthy. 9. The company has now overtaken IBM in terms of size and reach. 10. The test is used to d
6、iagnose a variety of diseases. . 完成句子1. The problem lies in that people still havent realized the importance of environmental protection. 问题在于人们还没有意识到保护环境的重要性。2. We are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, climbing and cycling. 我们周围是一个天然的场地, 非常适合散步、攀岩和骑车。3. We cant imagine ha
7、ving more than one child. 我们无法想象有一个以上的孩子。4. What if this doesnt work out? 如果这行不通怎么办呢? 5. You dont sound like a foreigner talking English. 你听起来不像外国人在说英语。6. It is a long time after they separated, but it wont be long before they meet again. 他们已经分开很长时间了, 但不久他们就会再次见面。7. I dont work to a plan, but I just
8、 do what interests me and what I like to do. 我不依据计划工作, 我只做我感兴趣的和我喜欢的事。8. Our living conditions are tolerable, but I cant wait to leave. 我们的居住条件还是可以忍受的, 但是我迫不及待地想离开。. 阅读理解(2021济南高二检测)Let us suppose it is now about A. D. 2060. Lets make believe it is about forty years from now. Of course, things have
9、changed and life is very different. Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, natu
10、rally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment(娱乐) of young and old. What are people eating now? People are still eating food. They havent yet started to use supply of energy d
11、irectly as electrical current or as nuclear power. They may some day. But many foods now come in pill form, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants. Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago, most of our
12、planets surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good. Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and
13、then. People are now largely vegetarians(素食者). You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. Therefore, people have to be vegetarians and we are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know the causes and cures of disease and pain, and it is possible to g
14、et rid of diseases. No one has to be ill any more. Such would be our life in 2060. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科学幻想类短文。文章作者运用了想象的手法描写了2060年的生活。作者认为到那时人们可以每天去月球游览观光, 而且月球上也建造了很多景点、游乐设施和很多家旅馆。而且因为人口的增长和动物的减少, 大多数人都会变成素食者。1. According to the passage, what will be on the moon in about A. D. 2060? A. Many tourists. B. Ma
15、ny other animals. C. Many plants. D. A sea. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中前三句可推知, 在2060年左右, 月球上将会有很多游客。故选A。2. What will people eat then according to the passage? A. Biscuits in pill form. B. Foods in pill form. C. Foods in water form. D. Foods in gas form. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But many foods now come in pill f
16、orm, and the food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants. ”可知, 到2060年人们会吃药丸状的食物。故选B。3. The passage tells us that in 2060, _on the earth than now. A. there will be fewer populationB. there will be more pestsC. there will be less waterD. the crops will grow better【解析】选D。细节理
17、解题。根据第四段中的“The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer destroyed by pests. The harvest is always good. ”可知, 在2060年, 地球上的庄稼比现在长得更好。故选D。4. Why are people largely vegetarians in 2060? A. Because they dont eat meat. B. Because doctors advise them not to eat meat. C. Because the number o
18、f animals decreases. D. Because all the animals have died of diseases. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. Therefore, people have to be vegetarians. . . ”可知, 2060年大部分人都是素食主义者是因为动物的数量减少了。故选C。. 完形填空 What kinds of homes will we live in in t
19、he future? 1 can be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now. Some scientists are 2 about building whole cities under huge glass domes(圆盖). 3 , advanced heating and cooling systems will be necessary to control the weather in the domes. 4 , there will never be any rain or snow, and the temp
20、erature will always be 5. Perhaps everyone will live in vertical(垂直的)citieshigh rises 6 are so large that they can contain all the necessities of life. Since vertical cities will use 7 land than flat cities, and provide homes 8 more people, they will be practical for small countries that have 9 popu
21、lations. 10 idea that will be helpful to small countries is the 11 city. Monaco has already built homes, stores and offices 12 the water of the Mediterranean Sea. There are some people who think that we will 13 living in caves. But the caves of the future will be 14the caves of the Stone Age. Farms
22、and parks will be on the land over the cave city. When people want to go to the country or to a park, a short 15 in a lift will take them there. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。没有人知道未来的房子是什么样的, 本文介绍了科学家已经构思出了几种模式, 你可以想象一下吗? 1. A. SomebodyB. AnybodyC. NobodyD. Everybody【解析】选C。根据上文“What kinds of homes will we live in i
23、n the future? ”及空后“can be sure”并结合常识可知, 没有人能够肯定地说出未来的房屋是什么样子, 后面科学家也只是预测。故选C项。2. A. thinkingB. consideringC. imaginingD. suggesting【解析】选A。对于未来的房屋科学家也只是思考, 根据空后的about可知, 只有think和about是固定搭配, think about doing sth. 意为“思考/思索做某事”, 而consider doing为固定搭配, consider后不加介词, 直接跟动词-ing形式。故选A项。3. A. On the other h
24、andB. As a resultC. Of courseD. At the same time【解析】选C。建造穹顶下的城市, 与大自然隔绝。为了生存, 当然需要必要的系统, 而of course意为“当然”。故选C项。4. A. SimilarlyB. HoweverC. AccordinglyD. Moreover【解析】选B。上一句说了有先进的系统在穹顶下模拟大自然的天气, 然而却又没有雨雪等恶劣天气。however使文章前后形成转折。故选B项。5. A. coolB. warmC. comfortableD. satisfied【解析】选C。根据“there will never b
25、e any rain or snow”可知先进的人造系统控制穹顶内的天气, 把不好的天气都人为地去掉, 都是好天气, 让人永远舒适。故选C项。6. A. that B. they C. where D. who【解析】选A。分析句子结构, _ are so large that they can contain all the necessities of life. 是一个定语从句, 修饰先行词high rises, 关系词在从句中作主语, 指物, 可用that/which。故选A项。7. A. widerB. moreC. lessD. larger【解析】选C。根据常识, 垂直城市利用高
26、度空间, 会比平地的城市用较少土地, 并且与下文provide homes _more people呼应, 较少的土地为更多的人提供房屋, 所以和下文结论“they will be practical for small countries that have _populations. ”意义一致。故选C项。8. A. onB. toC. withD. for【解析】选D。该空所需介词是与provide的固定搭配, provide sth. for sb. /provide sb. with sth. 故选D项。9. A. smallB. largeC. a fewD. many【解析】选B
27、。该空所需形容词是修饰populations的, populations是一个数字概念, 只能用“big/large”或“small”修饰, 排除C和D。结合本句句意垂直城市占用较少土地, 为更多人提供房屋, 可知是对人多地少的小国(for small countries)特别实用。故选B项。10. A. OneB. SecondC. NextD. Another【解析】选D。上文“Perhaps everyone will live in vertical cities”已经对未来居住的房屋有了一个主意垂直城市; 本句提到的漂浮城市是另一个主意。故选D项。11. A. floatingB.
28、flowingC. shippingD. blowing【解析】选A。根据下文“Monaco has already built homes, stores and offices _the water of the Mediterranean Sea. ”可知, 另一个主意是在水上建房屋, 所以应该是漂浮的城市, 符合语境。故选A项。12. A. inB. aboveC. overD. on【解析】选D。根据句意, 建的是漂浮城市, 应该是在水上; 而over和above是在上方, 指的是悬在空中。故选D项。13. A. be used toB. beC. go back toD. cont
29、inue【解析】选C。根据常识, 远古时代, 人类就是居住在洞穴的, 现在说未来人类有可能生活在洞穴, 那就是回到过去人类住过的洞穴。故选C项。14. A. similar toB. compared toC. in place ofD. different from【解析】选D。未来人类有可能居住在洞穴, 但是肯定和过去的不一样, 更先进。结合空后“parks will be on the land over the cave city. ”可知未来的洞穴将会不同于石器时代的洞穴。故选D项。15. A. rideB. driveC. livingD. travel【解析】选A。根据“lift
30、电梯”, 可知搭乘电梯从洞穴向上到达上面的公园, 应使用ride。故选A项。. 阅读理解(2021沐阳高二检测)Many leading AI researchers think that in a matter of decades, artificial intelligence will be able to do not merely some of our jobs, but all of our jobs, forever transforming life on Earth. The reason why many regard this as science fiction i
31、s that weve traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific. From my point of view as a physicist and AI researcher, intelligence is simply a certain kind of information-processing performe
32、d by elementary particles(基本粒子) moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one cant build machines more intelligent than us in all ways. This suggests that weve only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is p
33、otential in nature and use it to help humanity. If we get it right, the upside is huge. Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying (扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrows toughest problems. For example, why risk our loved one
34、s dying in traffic accidents that self-driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers that AI might help us find cures for? Why not increase productivity through automation(自动化) and use AI to accelerate our research and development of affordable sustainable(可持续的) energy? Im optimistic that we can de
35、velop rapidly with advanced AI as long as we win the race between the growing power of our technology and the knowledge with which we manage it. But this requires giving up our outdated concept of learning from mistakes. That helped us win the race with less powerful technology: We messed up with fi
36、re and then invented fire extinguishers (灭火器), and we messed up with cars and then invented seat belts. However, its an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligent AIwhere even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right the first time.
37、 【文章大意】本文一篇说明文。作者向我们阐述了我们对人工智能发展的误解及人工智能的优势。1. How do many people feel about leading AI researchers predictions? A. Worried. B. Curious. C. Doubtful. D. Disappointed. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段内容可以推断, 人们对人工智能的研究者们的预测是怀疑的。故选C。2. What does the author think of intelligence? A. We know little about it. B. It be
38、longs to human beings. C. It is too difficult to understand. D. We have nothing more to discover. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句可知, 作者认为我们对人工智能的了解只是冰山一角, 从而推断出我们对此知之甚少。故选A。3. What does the underlined word “upside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Cost. B. Risk. C. Quantity. D. Advantage. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第四段
39、第二句及所举的事例和下文提及的人工智能的各种优点, 可知, 此句意为“如果我们做对了, 好处是巨大的。”从而可推测出upside意思是“优势, 好处”。故选D。4. Whats important for us in the race between people and technology? A. Learning from failure. B. Increasing our intelligence. C. Avoiding making mistakes. D. Being more optimistic. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知, 对于一些高科技, 我
40、们一次错误也不能犯, 第一次就要把它做对, 由此可推断出, 在人和科技的竞赛中, 最重要的事情是避免犯错。故选C。. 阅读填句 (2021宁夏高二检测)How to cope when you feel left outBeing left out by a group of friends is painful at any age. To cope with being left out, there are several things that you can do. Understand why being left out hurts. Feeling left out is us
41、ually the result of being rejected by a group of people that you want them to accept you. You may feel left out because you have been rejected by a group of friends. 1 We are social beings and when our needs are not met, we experience pain and sadness. 2 Being left out can cause you to feel sad and
42、get down on yourself. Using positive self-talk can help you feel better after being rejected. After being left out, say something encouraging to yourself. Consider telling someone about what happened. 3 It may also help to reassure(使放心) you that even though your friends made you feel left out, peopl
43、e do care about you. Talk to your friends about your feelings. Another very important means for dealing with situations in which you feel left out by your friends is to tell them how you feel and ask them about their reasons for leaving you out. 4Organize things to do with your friends. If you think
44、 that part of being left out may be due to your own situation, then help your friends by making suggestions that fit in with your timetable. 5If your friends refuse your suggestions several times, then they might not want to continue the friendship. A. Make others feel included. B. Telling a support
45、ive friend may help you feel better. C. It is not painful to be rejected by groups we dont like. D. Use positive self-talk to encourage yourself after a rejection. E. Do your best to make plans with your friends, but know when to stop asking. F. And its also important to ask your friends politely wh
46、y the situation happened as it did. G. It is normal to feel pain when you are rejected because we are all in need of social belonging. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述当你感到被冷落时该如何应对。1. 【解析】选G。根据上文提示“你可能会感到被冷落, 因为你被一群朋友拒绝了。”再根据空格下文“我们是社会人, 当我们的需求得不到满足时, 我们会经历痛苦和悲伤。” G项承接上下文, 故选G。2. 【解析】选D。根据下文内容“被冷落会让你感到悲伤, 让你失望。积极
47、的自我暗示可以帮助你在被拒绝后感觉更好。被冷落后, 对自己说些鼓励的话。” D项Use positive self-talk to encourage yourself after a rejection. 切题。故选D。3. 【解析】选B。根据上文提示“考虑告诉别人发生了什么。”承接上文, B项Telling a supportive friend may help you feel better. 切题。故选B。4. 【解析】选F。根据上文提示“处理你感觉被朋友冷落的情况的另一个非常重要的方法是告诉他们你的感受, 并询问他们把你冷落的原因。” F项承接上文。故选F。5. 【解析】选E。根据上文提示“如果你认为被排除在外是因为你自己的情况, 那么帮助你的朋友, 提出适合你时间表的建议。”再根据下文提示“如果你的朋友多次拒绝你的建议, 那么他们可能不想继续这份友谊。”可知, E项切题。故选E。
