1、阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Eating foods high in trans-fats (fats present in artificial form in industrially-produced cakes and fast food.) and saturated (饱和的) fats increases the risk of depression, according to a Spanish study, confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the d
2、isease. Researchers also showed that some products, such as olive oil, can fight against the risk of mental illness. Authors of the wide-reaching study, from the universities of Navarra and Las Palmas, followed and analyzed the diet and lifestyle of over l2,000 volunteers over six years. When the st
3、udy began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers. “Participants with an increased consumption of trans-fats presented up to a 48 percent increase in the risk of depression when they were compared to participants who did not consume th
4、ese fats,” the head study author said. “The more trans-fats were consumed, the greater harmful effect they produced in the volunteers.” The research team found, at the same time, that after assessing the effect of polyunsaturated fats made up of larger amounts of fish and vegetable oils and olive oi
5、l, these products are associated with a lower risk of suffering depression. The report, published in the online journal PLOS ONE, noted the research was performed on a European population that enjoys a relatively low intake of trans-fatsmaking up only 0.4 percent of the total energy taken in by the
6、volunteers. “Despite this, we observed an increase in the risk of suffering depression of nearly 50 percent,” said researcher Miguel Martinez. “On this basis we think it of great importance to take this effect into account in countries like the United States, where the percentage of energy derived f
7、rom these fats is around 2.5 percent.” The report pointed out that the current number of depression sufferers in the world is around l50 million people, and has increased in recent years. This rise is attributable, according to the authors, “to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Wester
8、n diets, where we have replaced certain types of beneficial fats in nuts, vegetable oils and fish with the saturated and trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.” 1. What s the best title of the text? A. Junk Food and DepressionB. Depression Pre
9、ventionC. Types of Fats and DepressionD. Depression Research2. Which of the following increases the risk of suffering depression? A. Fish.B. Vegetable oil.C. Olive oil.D. Butter. 3. The study tells us that _. A. 2.5% Americans suffer mental illnessB. l2,000 volunteers in Navarra took partC. a minori
10、ty of participants became new sufferersD. l50 million Europeans enjoy a healthier lifestyle4. The underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to_. A. obtainedB. chosenC. separatedD. preserved5. More and more Westerners are suffering depression because_. A. they have less time for
11、exerciseB. they eat more nuts, vegetable oils and fishC. the sources of fats in their diets have changedD. less meat, butter, and cakes are included in their diets【参考答案】15、ADCAC阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future ri
12、sk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe. Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to he
13、art attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study
14、 of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure. The authors of both studies stress that these ris
15、ks are relatively small for healthy people and certainlymodest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the E
16、PA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health. 1. The text mainly discusses the relationship between.A. heart problems and air qualityB. heart problems and exercisingC. heart problems and smokingD. heart problems and fatty fo
17、od2. The underlined word“modest”in Paragraph 3 most probably means.A. relatively highB. extremely low C. relatively lowD. extremely high3. What can we learn from the text? A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality. C. Moderate air qual
18、ity is more harmful than smoking. D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. 4. The authors purpose of writing the text is most likely to.A. informB. persuade C. describeD. entertain【参考答案】14、ACDA【四川省成都七中2014三诊考试】阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C 和D)中, 选出最佳选项。Celebrity(名人) has become one of the m
19、ost important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover
20、 because they dont sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines arent a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typic
21、ally aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today theyre started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and mor
22、e experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, theres a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the products origin is, if it fails to impre
23、ss consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial(最初的) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural c
24、ircle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebritys shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the egos(自我的) potential
25、for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashionlike celebri
26、tyhas always been temporary.43. Fashion magazines today .A. seldom put models on the coverB. no longer put models on the coverC. need not worry about celebrities market potential D. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly44. A change in the consumer market can be found today that .A.
27、 price rather than brand name is more concernedB. producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisementsC. producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisementsD. quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned 45. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any w
28、rong step will possibly .A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his productsB. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general publicC. cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show businessD. influence the price of a celebritys products46. The passage is mainly
29、 about .A. celebrity and personal styleB. celebrity and market potentialC. celebrity and fashion designD. celebrity and clothing industry【参考答案】43-46ADAB 科普知识型阅读理解 专题导读科普类文章是高考阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨、逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。 这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多
30、，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下特点：1文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中常用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。真题典例【2011湖南卷】A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion tha
31、t the African elephant is divided into two distinct(不同的) species.The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephantsthe Asian elephant，African forest elephant，and
32、African savanna elephant.Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列) from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons，the teamcompared them with DNA from modern elephants.They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The sc
33、ientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years.The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.This result am
34、azed all the scientists.There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species，but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.Previously，many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African fore
35、st elephants were two populations of the same species，despite the elephants significant size differences.The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres.The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons，rou
36、ghly double the weight of the forest elephant.But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species.However the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.Alfred Roca，assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois，said，“Wenow
37、have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes.Since 1950，all African elephants have been conserved as one species.Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals，the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(优
38、先)for conservation purposes.”()1.One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of _.Athe Asian elephant Bthe forest elephant Cthe savanna elephant Dthe mastodon elephant ()2.The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “_.”Aevolution Bexhibition Cseparation Dexamination ()3.The rese
39、archers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants _.ADNA Bheight Cweight Dpopulation ()4.What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about?AThe conservation of African elephants.BThe purpose of studying African elephants.CThe way to divide African elephants into two units.DThe reason for the d
40、istinction of African elephants.()5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?ANaturalists Beliefs about ElephantsBAmazing Experiments about ElephantsCAn Unexpected Finding about ElephantsDA Long Scientific Debate about Elephants【解析】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍关于大象的最新研究成果：非洲大象被分成两种完全不同的品种非洲草原大象和
41、非洲森林大象。1D细节理解题。根据第三段 “Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.”可判断选D。2C词义猜测题。根据第四段“The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant h
42、ave been distinct species for several million years.”可知，科学家已证实，非洲的草原大象与非洲的森林大象几百万年来都不属于同一品种，即可推断下句为“两种大象的分离应发生在”。由此可推断划线词应意为“分离”，故选C。3A细节理解题。根据第三段“Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants.They found to thei
43、r amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.”可判断研究者的结论是建立在对非洲大象的DNA研究结果的基础上的，故选A。4A逻辑推理题。根据最后一段中的“Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger pr
44、iority (优先)for conservation purposes.”可推断他的讲话是围绕对非洲大象的保护的，故选A。5C主旨大意题。根据主题段第一段可知，本文主要介绍关于非洲大象的最新研究成果：非洲草原大象和非洲森林大象实为两种完全不同的品种。由此判断选C。科普知识型阅读理解(一)Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees(黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have child
45、ren of their own.Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently.The new work by Sonya MKahlenberg and Richard WWrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild nonhuman species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference
46、in a wild animals choice of playthings.The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks.Doll play amo
47、ng humans could have its origins in objectcarrying by earlier apes(猿类), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization.“In humans, there are obvious sex differences in childrens toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures，” says Kahlenberg.“While
48、 socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.”In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg and Wrangham counted more than 100 example
49、s of stickcarrying.Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick.“We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in ge
50、neral this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls，” says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard.“If the doll hypothesis (假设) was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying stickswhen they had their first chil
51、d.We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.” ()1.What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?AShe gives them to her child to play with.BShe treats them as dolls.CShe makes useful tools from them.DShe treats them as weapons.()2.What causes the different toy selection of chim
52、panzees, according to the passage?ASex difference.BSocialization.CEnvironment.DCultural difference.()3.We can infer from the fourth paragraph that _.Asocialization has nothing to do with humans choice of playthingsBsex difference is the only factor in humans choice of playthingsCthe biology factor m
53、ay also influence toy choiceDpeople choose different toys in different cultures()4.Wrangham probably believes that _.Aobserving so many chimpanzees has been enough for them to make a conclusionBthe study proves human beings have evolved (进化) from chimpanzeesCall chimpanzees treat the sticks as dolls
54、Dchildren playing with sticks are abnormal()5.It can be concluded from the passage that _.Aboth humans and chimpanzees choose their playthings due to sex differenceBdifferent factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthingsConly female chimpanzees have playthingsDchimpanzees usual
55、ly choose playthings for their children【解析】 本文是科普文。研究发现，雌性黑猩猩喜欢把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃。1B细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，雌性黑猩猩把棍子当作自己的玩具娃娃。2A细节理解题。综合分析文章可知，性别差异是导致黑猩猩玩具选择差异的主要原因。3C推理判断题。从第四段可知，这两位科学家的研究表明生物学因素也可能影响对玩具的偏好。4A推理判断题。从第五段最后一句可知答案。5A推理判断题。综合文章信息可知，无论是人类还是黑猩猩，性别是导致玩具选择差异的重要原因。阅读理解。One day, when I was working as a psy
56、chologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family，” he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to
57、 others, and Im very worried about him. Can you help？” I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesnt have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically. The first t
58、wo times we met, David didnt say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the childrens drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoonin complete silence and without looking at me. Its not easy to c
59、heat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice. Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me? “Perhaps h
60、e simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly. “Its your turn，” he said. After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club.
61、 He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life. Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that onewithout any wordscan reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to
62、cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.36When he first met the author, David _ A. felt a little excitedB. walked energeticallyC. looked a little nervousD. showed up with his teacher37As a psychologist, the author _A. was ready to listen to DavidB. was skeptical about psychologyC. was able
63、 to describe Davids problemD. was sure of handling Davids problem38David enjoyed being with the author because he_Awanted to ask the author for adviceBneeded to share sorrow with the author Cliked the childrens drawings in the officeDbeat the author many times in the chess game39What can be inferred
64、 about David?AHe recovered after months of treatment.BHe liked biking before he lost his family.CHe went into university soon after starting to talk.DHe got friends in school before he met the author. 40What made David change?AHis teachers help.BThe authors friendship.CHis exchange of letters with t
65、he author.DThe authors silent communication with him.【要点综述】 对于一个自闭的孩子，心理医生最好的疗法或许就是默默地和他一块感受他的痛苦36C 细节理解题。由第一段的“and his hands shaking slightly.”可以看出，第一次见面时David有点紧张。37A细节理解题。由第二段的“Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.”可以看出，他已准备好了聆听。38B细节理解题。在第五段中，作者对小男孩愿意来找他的原因
66、进行了猜测：“Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought.“Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”由此可知答案。39A推理判断题。经过作者的治疗，David已经恢复了正常：started talking, got friends in school and joined a bicycle club，同时给作者写信描述了自己目前的生活以及对将来生活的打算。由此可知答案。40D细节理解题。由文章可知，是作者的正确治疗方法，才使David恢复得那么好。
67、他的方法就是：is to listen openly and sympathetically，具体的做法就是默默地和他下棋。C52013广东卷 -DWhile Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifers Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Pho
68、enix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was lockedremotelyto prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her
69、student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online educati
70、on in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are validthat students havent just searched the Internet to get the right answers. Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating
71、 has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance
72、.Aside from the web cameras, a number of other hightech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check students identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used. Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of que
73、stions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.41Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?ATo correct her
74、 typing mistakes.BTo find her secrets in the room.CTo prevent her from slowing down.DTo keep her from dishonest behaviors.42The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _Aadvanced techniqueBsharpening tool Ceffective ruleDdividing line 43For Internet universities, e
75、xams and diplomas will be valid if _Athey can attract potential studentsBthey can defeat academic cheatingCthey offer students online helpDthey offer many online courses44Some programs can find out possible cheaters by _Achecking the question answering speed Bproducing a large number of questions Cs
76、canning the Internet test questions Dgiving difficult test questions45Which of the following is the best title of this passage?AThe Advantages of Online ExamsBThe Hightech Methods in Online CoursesCThe Fight Against Cheating in Online EducationDThe War Against the Booming of Online Education【要点综述】 开
77、放网络教学为人们的知识升级打开了便捷之门，如何保证其教育和学习的质量，防止考试时作弊，现在科技手段在发挥着重要的作用41D推理判断题。第二段告诉我们监控的目的：“Her Internet access was lockedremotelyto prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past？
78、”这些措施都是为了监督其考试中不发生不诚实的行为。该题也可结合常识确定答案。42A 词义理解题。从上文的描述及下文的“a key”，“The technology”可以看出，这是一个先进的技术，是确保网络考试真实的关键。43B 细节理解题。关键信息：valid。由第三段的“Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid that students havent just searched the Internet to get the right answers.”可知答案。破折号后的内容指的就是选项中所说的：defeat academic cheating。44A 细节理解题。由最后一段的“by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.”可以看出一些软件是通过设置部分难题，通过对答题速度的检测来判断考试者是否在作弊。45C主旨大意题。文章论述的是为了提高开放网络教学的可信度所使用的高科技监考手段，由此可知C项最能概括全文。
