1、2014河北省栾城县高考英语阅读理解训练（9）及答案阅读理解Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they own their stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although th
2、ere are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of
3、American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings. Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all incom
4、e, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的
5、) family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States. The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of A
6、mericans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal governments poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was official
7、ly considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11, 200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor. 11What doe
8、s the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth? ATheir income and savings. BTheir house, cars and small amounts of savings. CEverything they own in their homes. DActually, they have no wealth at all.12What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans? ALess than 25%. B
9、More than 25%. CMore than 75%. DLess than 20%. 13Why is economic inequality still great in the US in spite of the economic growth? ABecause the economic growth has widened the gap of the family income between the rich and the poor. BBecause income in the US is still concentrated in the hands of the
10、richest 10% of American families.CBecause the proportion of income received by the rich and the poor remains almost the same as in 1917. DBecause some Americans made great fortunes during the Second World War. 14What can we learn from comparison of the two poverty lines in the last paragraph? A. The
11、 poverty line of 1918 is more favorable to the poor than that of 1981. B. The 1981 line didnt leave much to the poor. C. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1918 line. D. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1981 line. 15From the last two sentences we can s
12、ee that 1981 governments poverty line _. Awas of no good for the poor Bwas officially approved Cwas not helpful to the poor Dwas not put into operation then 【参考答案】1115、BACDD 阅读理解 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAlmost anyone who has read a travel brochure about Afric
13、a has heard of elephants getting drunk from the fruit of the marula tree. It is said that elephants can get drunk by eating the fermented (发酵) fruit rotting on the ground. Books have even been written to prove the truth of the phenomenon. But a study published in the journal Physiological and Bioche
14、mical Zoology tells a very different story. Steve Morris, a biologist at the University of Bristol in England and an author of the study, says there is nothing in the biology of either the African elephant or the marula fruit to support the stories. Morris says, “ people just want to believe in drun
15、ken elephants.”The marula tree, a member of the same family as the mango, grows widely in Africa. Its sweet, yellow fruit is used for making jam, wine and beer. “The first mistake of the drunken-elephant theory is that its unlikely that an elephant would eat the fruit if it were rotten, ” Morris say
16、s. “Elephants eat the fruit right off the tree, not when its rotten on the ground, ” he explains. Other experts add that if an elephant were to eat the fruit on the ground, it wouldnt wait for the fruit to ferment. Michelle Gadd, an African wildlife specialist, says that elephants and many other ani
17、mals, including birds and monkeys, are too fond of marula fruit to let it rot. If fermented fruit on the ground is out of the question, so is the notion that the fruit could ferment in the stomach of elephants, according to the study authors. Food takes between 12 and 46 hours to pass through an ele
18、phants digestive system, the authors point out, which is not enough for the fruit to ferment. Supposing that this happened, its still highly improbable that the food would produce enough alcohol to make an elephant drunk. Through calculations of body weight, elephant digestion rates, and other facto
19、rs, the authors conclude that it would take about 1.9 litres of ethanol(乙醇) to make an elephant drunk.56. We can learn from the passage that _. A. it is not easy to find marula fruit in the wild in Africa B. African elephants dont like to eat marula fruit at all C. marula fruit can be made into food
20、 or drink consumed by people D. birds and monkeys in Africa like to eat rotten marula fruit 57. According to Paragraph 6, marula fruit is likely to ferment _. A. in about 12 hours B. in about 34 hours C. between 12 and 46 hours D. in more than 46 hours 58. According to Mr. Morris, which of the follo
21、wing is TRUE? A. Elephants just eat the fruit right off the tree. B. Elephants will not eat the fruit which is rotten. C. The marula tree and the mango belong to different families.D. There are several connections between Elephants and the marula fruit.59 . What does the underlined word “this” in th
22、e last paragraph probably refer to ? A. Elephants getting drunk. B. Marula fruit fermenting in elephants stomachs. C. Elephants eating rotten marula fruit. D. Elephants eating marula trees directly. 57.【答案】D【解析】根据本段中“Food takes between 12 and 46 hours to pass through an elephants digestive system, t
23、he authors point out, which is not enough for the fruit to ferment. ”可知答案。【考点定位】考查推理判断能力。58.【答案】B【解析】根据第四段中“The first mistake of the drunken-elephant theory is that its unlikely that an elephant would eat the fruit if it were rotten, ” Morris says. “Elephants eat the fruit right off the tree, not wh
24、en its rotten on the ground”一句可知。【考点定位】考查细节理解。59.【答案】B【解析】“Supposing that this happened, its still highly improbable that the food would produce enough alcohol to make an elephant drunk.”这句话的意思是假设这种果实在大象体内能发酵，那它产生的乙醇也不足以使大象醉倒。【考点定位】考查推理判断能力。B Froli Cat DartWhile cats require less attention compared
25、to dogs, that doesnt mean you can just leave them at home all day long. No sir, they too, need some level of attention and will have to keep themselves occupied mentally and physically too. Well, FroliCat Dart makes it possible. Just what is the FroliCat Dart all about? Well, for starters, this devi
26、ce delivers 360 rotation (旋转) that will project laser patterns on the floor, letting your feline (猫科动物) friend chase after it. Portable USB Power SupplyWith modern gadgets, running out of juice happens to some of us more often, simply because todays devices seem to suck up more juice than before. Th
27、ats why the Portable USB Power Supply comes in handy, being a best emergency charger for cell phones and other devices. Capable of holding a charge for up to three months when in standby，it will ship with adapter tips that cater for a certain variety of cell phone brands.Battery Powered GlovesFor th
28、ose living in the northern hemisphere，we are pretty sure that you have already stocked up on your winter supplies to make sure you remain nice and warm throughout the upcoming freezing months. Well, wearing a pair of the Battery Powered Hand Warming Gloves is necessary so as to keep your palms and f
29、ingers warm. These gloves come with battery-powered integral (不可或缺的) heating elements which is capable of keeping your hands nice and warm for up to eight hours. It requires a quartet of AA batteries in each glove, and since both gloves are fully lined with a waterproof, breathable material, they mi
30、ght just come in handy during your next snowball fight. Too bad it comes only in one color-black.60. How does FroliCat Dart work? A. It can make cats run around your house. B. It can project laser patterns to make cats chase. C. It can make cats much sleepier than before. D. It can provide food and
31、drink for cats.61. From the second paragraph, we know that_ A. Lack of power happens to some of us less often than before. B. The adapter tips cater for all kinds of cell phone brands. C. The Portable USB Power Supply can charge for some phones. D. The Portable USB Power Supply can only last for thr
32、ee months. 62. Where do the Battery Powered Gloves sell well? A. Iceland B. India C. Australia D Singapore 【文章大意】本文是三篇广告。60.【答案】B 【解析】从第一则广告最后一句可知答案。【考点定位】考查细节查找。61.【答案】C 【解析】从第二则广告后面部分“-being a best emergency charger for cell phones and other devices. Capable of holding a charge for up to three mon
33、ths when in standby，it will ship with adapter tips that cater for a certain variety of cell phone brands.”可知答案。阅读理解There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditi
34、onal system. In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, rea
35、l goods such as automobiles, shoes, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern m
36、arket economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit
37、. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumptio
38、n, and exchange for the whole economy.In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every persons place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a cer
39、tain group or caste（阶级） may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. An inactive s
40、ociety may result.16. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To outline contrasting types of economic systems. B. To explain the science of economics. C. To argue for the superiority of one economic system. D. To compare barter and money-exchange markets.17. In the second paragraph, the underli
41、ned word “real” could best be replaced by _. A. valuable B. concrete C. absolute D. reliable18. According to the passage, a barter economy can generate _. A. rapid speed of transactions B. misunderstandings C. inflation D. difficulties for the traders19. According to the passage, who has the greates
42、t degree of control in the administered system? A. Individual households. B. Small businesses. C. Major corporations. D. The government.20. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion（标准）for determining a persons position in a traditional society? A. Family background B. Age C. Religious beliefs. D. Custom【参考答案】1620、ABDDB
