1、第二部分 语法专题专题五形容词和副词1(2018江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is(reluctance)to invest in sufficient training for his staff.reluctant解析：句意：尽管这家宾馆的服务质量很糟糕，但是宾馆经理还是不愿意在给员工足够的培训方面投资。考查形容词。设空处作表语，根据提示词可知本空填 reluctant。2(2017江苏卷)Only five years after Steve Jobs death,smartphones defeated (c
2、onvention)PCs in sales.conventional解析：句意：仅仅在 Steve Jobs 去世 5 年后，智能手机就在销售上打败了传统的个人电脑。设空处应该用形容词形式修饰后面的名词。3(2016浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,(especial)if you are travelling at high speed.especially解析：句意：突然停车是一种很可怕的经历，尤其是在你高速行驶的时候。设空处需用副词修饰 if 引导的状语从句，故答案为especially(尤其)。4(2016浙
3、江卷)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend more in the coming years.many解析：句意：我总是很喜欢你组织的所有赛事，我希望未来几年参加更多的赛事。根据句意以及 event 是可数名词可知此处用many。5(2015浙江卷)Listening is thus an active,not a，behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.passive解析：句意：听力是一种由倾听、理解和记忆
4、共同组成的主动而非被动的行为。由 not 和 active 这两个信息词，可知答案为 passive。解析：句意：我是如此感激那些志愿者，因为他们帮助我快乐地结束了那令人极不愉快的一天。be grateful to 对感激的。6(2015安徽卷)Im so (gratitude)to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.grateful7(2015浙江卷)Most of us,if we know even a little about where our food comes from,un
5、derstand that every bite put into our mouths was(former)alive.formerly解析：句意：但凡我们知道一点儿我们食物的来源，我们大多数人就会明白，进入我们嘴里的每一口食物，之前都是有生命的。formerly 以前，原来。8(2015福建卷)It was (consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.considerate解析：句意：迈克尔考虑得非常周到，他告诉我们他将耽搁一些时间，以防我们担心。considerate 考虑周到的。一、形容词
6、和副词的基础知识1形容词与副词的句法功能词性功能例句形容词作定语、表语、补语和状语(与句子用逗号隔开)。修饰不定代词(后置)He can speak fluent English.She feels greatly fortunate working in a big company.副词作状语。方位副词可作后置定语、表语或补语Fortunately for her,she works in a big company.2.兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。close 接近(指距离)closely 仔细地，密切地fr
7、ee 免费freely 自由地，自如地deep 深深地deeply 深刻地，深入地hard 努力地hardly 几乎不wide 宽阔地widely 广泛地high 高highly 非常地；高水平地late 晚，迟lately 近来near 邻近nearly 几乎most 最mostly 主要地；绝大多数地pretty 相当地prettily 优美地；漂亮地点拨 下列单词以-ly 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,likely,brotherly,timely 等。3句子副词的用法有些副词并不修饰动词，而是
8、修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有：(1)表递进：besides,further,then,moreover 等。(2)表结果：therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus 等。(3)表转折：though,instead,otherwise,however 等。(4)表等同：similarly,equally 等。(5)表对比：rather,oppositely 等。(6)表概括：altogether,generally 等。(7)表列举：first(ly),second(ly),finally 等。(8)表同位：namely 等。(9)表时间：
9、meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally 等。(10)表特指：particularly,especially 等。4七组容易混淆的词beside 在旁边besides 此外，而且late 迟的，晚的later 多久以后，后来latest 最近的，最新的ago 以前(以现在为起点)before 以前(以过去为起点)somewhere 某处everywhere 到处sometime 在某一时候sometimes 有时near 近的，亲近的，近似的nearby 附近的，邻近的good 好的well 很好地；健康的二、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级1比较级与最高级的构成(1)规则
10、变化点拨 有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。如 right,wrong,excellent,extreme,perfect,possible,empty,greatly,very 等。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbesthad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest点拨 farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上“较
11、远”“最远”。elder 不能与 than 连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，且仅用于同辈之间的排行。如：elder sister 姐姐；elder brother 哥哥。2基本用法(1)平级比较as原级 adj./adv.as.和一样not as/so原级 adj./adv.as.不如The old man walks as fast as a young man.这位老人走路和年轻人一样快。as原级 adj.a(n)n.as.跟一样Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.我们邻居的房子和我们的一样大。(2)比较级比较级than.比更；less.than 不
12、如This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.今年他们生产的谷物比去年少。the比较级.the比较级 越，越Its believed that the harder you work,the better result youll get.人们相信你工作越努力，你获得的结果越好。不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级and比较级”结构，意为“越来越”。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。“the比较级of the
13、two名词”表示“两个中较的那个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。(3)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式否定式谓语比较级比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other复数名词比较级thananyone/anything else比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词I have never spent a more worrying day.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。Every morning he
14、 arrives earlier than any other student in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier
15、than the rest of students in the class.每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。(4)not more.than 不如no more.than 和一样不(否定两者)not less.than 不如不(即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)no less.than 和一样(肯定两者)no more than 表示“仅仅”“只有”“只不过”，强调程度低或数量少。如：You are more careful than he is.你比他仔细。You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。You are no more careful
16、than he is.你和他一样不仔细。You are less careful than he is.你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。You are not less careful than he is.你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。You are no less careful than he is.你和他一样仔细。He has no more than three shirts.他只有 3 件衬衫。(5)“more形容词或副词than.”表示对同一人或物在不同方面进行取舍，意为“与其说倒不如”。如：He is more hungry than tired.与其说他累了，倒不如说他饿了。(6)
17、as.as 结构的词组as long as 只要，长达as far as 远至，就而言as soon as 一就as well as 也，和一样好as good as 几乎(7)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有 rather,much,still,even,far,a lot,a little,a great deal,(by)far,a bit 等。The students study even harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。3最高级的用法(1)(序数词)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our
18、class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)one of形容词最高级名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)常用的最高级的修饰语有 by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really 以及序数词等。This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。
19、(4)the last 表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。The last thing they want is to work in the red areas where life is hard.他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。三、倍数表达法 常用的倍数表达法：倍数as形容词/副词的原级as倍数形容词/副词的比较级than倍数the名词size，length，width，height等of倍数what从句Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.Our classroom is three times la
20、rger than theirs.Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。The length of road is four times what it was three years ago.这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。.单句语法填空1Anyone,whether he is an official or a bus driver,should be(equal)respected.2The numbers are (particular)high in Beijing,Shanghai and Guan
21、gdong.3The more I thought about it,the (bad)my mood became.4Because he lives far from his parents,he goes to see them(occasion)5He treated the customers (rude)equallyparticularlyworseoccasionallyrudely6Theres no (great)happiness than that of succeeding in ones career.7My brother went abroad to study
22、 (far)8The wind was blowing (strong)and it became even(cold)9This is one of the (excite)moment.10Get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch.11He became (patience)with me and lost his temper.greaterfurtherstronglycoldermostexcitingasimpatient12It was on a (fog)day that he ca
23、me to my house.13The (care)boy often made mistakes in his homework.14Of the two boys,Jim is the (young)one,and he is also the one who loves to be noisy.15The temperature dropped (sharp)foggycarelessyoungersharply.单句改错1On the left-hand side of the class,I could easy see the football field.2Early one
24、morning in April,2014,it was raining hardly.3Whats more,the teaching conditions here are many better than those in Sichuan.4On that day,thousands of alumni returned back for the big occasion.5Thats a really wonderful film.It is very worth seeing again.easy 改为 easilyhardly 改为 hardmany 改为 much去掉 backv
25、ery 改为 well6Anyway,Im great grateful to you for your kind invitation.7Dont panic or get out of line,and try to remain quiet and calmly.8That is too much for us,considering how closely the houses are.9I ran over quick to help her up and asked her what was wrong with her.10One of our friends decided t
26、o buy all of us ice cream and in the restaurant,we screamed crazy.great 改为 greatlycalmly 改为 calmclosely 改为 closequick 改为 quicklycrazy 改为 crazily.语篇填空Some time ago,a friend of mine,who worked in a part of the city I didnt know very _1_(good),invited me to call on him.It took me hours to get there and
27、 I took _2_(greatly)trouble to find a proper spot to park my car.As I was already three-quarters of an hour late,I parked my car _3_(quick)At noon,just as I was leaving my friends office,it _4_(sudden)struck me that I had no idea where I had parked my car.I could hardly go up to a policeman and tell
28、 him that I had lost a small green car somewhere!Walking down street after street,I examined each car _5_(close)and was very happy to see a small green car just behind an old car.But how _6_(disappoint)I was to discover that though the car was _7_(exact)like my own,it belonged to someone else!Feelin
29、g quite _8_(tire)now,I went off for lunch.Some time _9_(late),I left the restaurant and walked _10_(slow)down the street.Turning the corner,I nearly jumped for joy:my car was right in front of me,and there was no problem this time.1 2.3.4.5.67.8.9.10.wellgreatquicklysuddenlycloselydisappointedexactl
30、ytiredlater slowly.短文改错Dear Mom，Im now in the United States,a country so differently from China.Everything is fresh but interesting!I have made some friends there and they are very kind.Still,you know how much I miss you and your cooking.The mere thought of the dishes you prepare makes my mouth to w
31、ater.My friends had some strange ways of describing their hungry.For instance,“I can eat a horse！”Its a little confused,hmm?Im also sending you a few record of our daily conversations,from that you can hear real American English.It may be useful to you as English teacher.答案Dear Mom，Im now in the Uni
32、ted States,a country so differentlydifferent from China.Everything is fresh butand interesting!I have made some friends therehere and they are very kind.Still,you know how much I miss you and your cooking.The mere thought of the dishes you prepare makes my mouth to water.My friends hadhave some strange ways of describing their hungryhunger.For instance,“I can eat a horse！”Its a little confusedconfusing，hmm?Im also sending you a few recordrecords of our daily conversations,from thatwhich you can hear real American English.It may be useful to you as an English teacher.
