1、课时分层作业(十八).阅读理解AIn the 1950s，a family who owned a farm near Beulah，Michigan kept a bull chained to an elm(榆树)The bull paced around the tree，dragging the heavy iron chain，which led to a groove(槽)in the bark.The groove deepened over the years，though for whatever reason，it did not kill the tree.After s
2、ome years，the family took their bull away.They cut the chain，leaving the loop(圈)around the tree and one link hanging down.Then one year，agricultural disaster struck Michigan in the form of Dutch Elm Disease.All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected and died.Everyone thought
3、 that the old elm would be next.The farms owners considered doing the safe thing：pulling it out and cutting it up into firewood before it died.But they simply could not bring themselves to do it.It was as if the old tree had become a family friend.So they decided to let nature take its courseAmazing
4、ly，the tree did not die.Nobody could understand why it was the only elm that was still standing in the country!Plant pathologists(病理学家)from Michigan State University came out to observe the tree.They observed the scar left by the iron chain，now almost completely covered by bark.The plant experts dec
5、ided that it was the chain that saved the elms life.They reasoned that the tree must have absorbed so much iron from the chain that it became immune to the fungus(真菌)Its said that what doesnt kill you will make you stronger.Or，as Ernest Hemingway put it，“Life breaks us all，but afterwards，many of us
6、are strongest at the broken places.”【语篇解读】“祸兮福之所倚”，在自然灾难面前，有些人或物被打倒；而有些却幸免于难。原因竟然是这样的：在遭受磨难的过程中，他/它获得了意外的收获。本文就密歇根州的榆树的遭遇说明了这一事实。1What happened to the elms in Michigan during the agricultural disaster?ANearly all of the elms died of a disease.BSome of the elms were cut up into firewood.CAll the elms
7、 were infected by a disease and died.DThe elms were tied by iron chains.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“All of the elms lining the road leading to the farm became infected and died.”可知答案为A。 2From the passage we can learn that the old elm was saved by Athe iron remaining in itBthe fungus in the treeCthe groove in the
8、barkDits own immune systemA推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The plant experts decided that it was the chain that saved the elms life.They reasoned that the tree must have absorbed so much iron from the chain that it became immune to the fungus(真菌)”可知，老榆树活下来是因为它吸收了大量的铁元素从而对真菌具有了免疫力，故答案为A。3The underlined sentence“let n
9、ature take its course”means “ ”Ahave nature give a lesson to the elmBhelp the elm grow normallyClet nature take the elm awayDleave the elm at the mercy of natureD词义猜测题。从上下文可知，此处是让老榆树听从大自然的摆布，故答案为D。4What is the best title for the text?ANever Lose Heart in TroubleBStrike While the Iron Is HotCStronger
10、 after SufferingDBrave to Face FailureC标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了老榆树在遭遇磨难后，当自然灾难来临时，反而变得更坚强的故事。故答案为C。BIn a movie，a woman reads a storybook to her friends daughter.As they approach the last page，she reads，“.and Cinderella and the prince lived happily ever after.”She closes the book and looks at the young gi
11、rl，adding，“You know，things dont always happen like this in real life，I just think you should know that now.”We were all raised on fairy tales with glass slippers，brave princes and magic！It didnt take too long to realize that stories like that arent necessarily true.In real life，you learn that glass
12、slippers are really uncomfortable，no prince is perfect and magic doesnt always work.So what do you do when the way you planned things is not the way they turned out?Know that parts of your fairy tale have already been written，and sadly，theres not much you can do about those first few chapters.You di
13、dnt get the best start.Your trust was unexpectedly betrayed (背叛)You didnt get the job.Whatever falls and failures happened in your past，theres still more to the story.Your life has a lot of contributors (投稿者)，and you are the editorinchief.You take whats there and create the masterpiece (杰作)All the g
14、ood pages and the bad can come together to make a beautiful adventure.When you find yourself wishing your life was more like the fairy tales，remember that in some ways it already is.There will be dragons，bad witches，great romances，winding roads and friends to help you along the way.Live your life ca
15、refully and positively as if you are writing a long story.Whether its a comedy，tragedy or a little of both，the pen is in your hand.How it ends is all up to you.【语篇解读】本文是一篇具有教育意义的文章。通过现实生活和童话故事的比较，阐明了要积极乐观的生活的观点。5According to the first paragraph，we know the woman is AwiseBcruelCbrave DpatientA推理判断题。根
16、据第一段的最后一句“adding，You know，things dont always happen like this in real life，I just think you should know that now”可以看出这个女人是一个智慧的人，故选A。6Why does the author raise the question in Paragraph 3?ATo compare different ideas.BTo express the doubts of life.CTo introduce points for discussion.DTo describe the
17、conditions in real life.C推理判断题。很明显，作者提出了这样的一个问题，从而引出了讨论点，后面三段都是围绕这个进行讨论的，故选C。7Which of the following may NOT often appear in fairy tales?AGlass slippers. BWinding roads.CSad endings. DBad witches.C细节理解题。根据第二段及最后一段，可知在童话故事里会常出现glass slippers，bad witches及winding roads，但没有提到悲伤的结局，故选C。8What is the messa
18、ge expressed in the passage?ABe positive about life.BWrite your own stories.CParents should tell fairy tales to their kids.DThere are many problems in school education.A主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Live your life carefully and positively as if you are writing a long story”可以推测，本文主要想要阐明要积极乐观的生活的观点，故选A。.概要写作阅读下面短文，
19、根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Every day around the world thousands of people with little or no scholarly training in art history walk into museums.They may or may not read notice boards that share relevant information of the artworks or artists.Imagine，before being permitted to direct their eyeballs to the art
20、 on the walls，museum visitors were required to read a 15 or 20page introduction to each piece or each artist.How many people would go to museums if that were the case?Yet this seems to be the expectation when it comes to reading classic literature.Classic novels typically come with 15 or 20page intr
21、oductions，which often include spoilers，assuming that readers do not come to classic books to discover，be absorbed in，and be surprised by the story world.Also，apparently，we mustnt read classics alone，without experts guiding our experiences.However，classic literature is in a unique position to show us
22、 that were not alone in our pains and joys.By taking us out of our time，classic books free us to see beyond the set of beliefs we stick to and to connect human experiences that remain alive across time and place.What could be more grounding，more comforting，than seeing ourselves in the battles，longin
23、gs，and pleasures that have played out across hundreds，thousands of years of human history? Our personal engagement is the first step of a longer journey of discovery，that deepens our knowledge and understanding of ourselves and our world.We may，for example，feel for Hester Prynne from Nathaniel Hawth
24、ornes The Scarlet Letter though we despair of the world she lived in.While were letting go of things，lets stop worrying about understanding everything.We cant.It will be fun if we embrace curiosity，the pleasure of working out a mystery，and our common relationships as humans.We can feel，for example，t
25、he power of selfsacrifice in Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities even when we lack full understanding of the cultural references and language. 【参考范文】Nowadays，most people who visit museums every day lack professional art knowledge.(要点1)So do most people reading classic literature.(要点2) While reading classic，dont try to understand everything and it is better to let go of things.(要点3) Read classics with curiosity and pleasure of working out a mystery.Reading classic is a personal exploration.(要点4)
