1、单元综合检测(二)Unit 2The environment(时间：100分钟；满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AResearchers at Stanford University have developed a new material that can move heat out of buildings and into space.The researchers say the material can cool buildings even on hot days.The cooling material is a very thin sh
2、eet with many layers that could be placed on a roof like solar panels(板)However, instead of turning sunlight into energy as solar panels do, the material turns heat into infrared(红外线的)radiation.Shanhui Fan is an electrical engineering professor at Stanford University.He says that the panels have a l
3、ayer of material that is like sand.The panels act like a mirror.They take heat out of buildings and reflect the light from the sun.And he says both the heat and sunlight are sent 100 kilometers into outer space.Its a structure that cools itself without electricity input, even under the sun.So, what
4、it does is basically radiate heat to outer space and also reflect the sunlight so it doesnt get heated up by the sun.Mr.Fan says it is like having a window into space.The heat is sent directly into space without increasing the air temperature.He says buildings in developing countries that do not hav
5、e electricity or air conditioning could use the panels.“In areas where electricity is out of reach for many people, there is a potential benefit for storing medicine or even food.In many of these situations, being able to reduce the temperature is important.And this would provide a way to do it.”The
6、 researchers say the main problem is creating actual cooling systems using the hightech panels.They say it may be possible to develop a cooling spray(喷涂)that could be used on present solid structures.They believe the cooling spray technology could be developed in the next three to five years.They sa
7、y as much as 15 percent of the energy used in the United States is spent providing power to air conditioning systems.【语篇解读】本文介绍一种被用来使建筑物降温的新材料。这种新panel既环保又节能，它仍在研究中。1What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?ALiving on hot days is no longer a big problem now.BResearchers are developing new solar panels o
8、n roofs.CA new material is created to cool the buildings.DThe new material is a very thin sheet with many layers.C段落大意题。根据第一段第一、二句“Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new material that can move heat out of buildings and into space.The researchers say the material can cool buildings e
9、ven on hot days.”可知第一段介绍了一种被用来使建筑物降温的新材料。故选C。2According to Paragraph 2, how does the panel work?AIt takes in the heat and cools it down.BIt uses a mirror to reflect the sunlight.CIt has a window to let out the heat.DIt sends heat away right into space.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“The heat is sent directly into spa
10、ce without increasing the air temperature”可知，the panel将热量送入太空。故选D。3Which of the following can best describe theadvantage of the new panel?AConvenient but impractical.BEcofriendly and energysaving.CEffective but expensive.DCreative and cheap.B推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“However, instead of turning sunlight into
11、energy as solar panels do, the material turns heat into infrared(红外线的)radiation.”和最后一段最后一句“They say as much as 15 percent of the energy used in the United States is spent providing power to air conditioning systems.”可知，这种新panel既环保又节能。故选B。4What can you infer from the passage?AThe device of the new pa
12、nel is still under research.BSome people got benefits from producing the panels.CIt is impossible to solve the problem of creating actual cooling system.DThe new panels may save 15 percent of the energy.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They say it may be possible to develop a cooling spray(喷涂)that could be used on pr
13、esent solid structures.They believe the cooling spray technology could be developed in the next three to five years.”可知，这种新panel设备仍在研究中。故选A。BThe earth is dying before us yet we sit and watch.If the TV or the game system breaks，we run off to the stores to get it fixed immediately no matter what the c
14、ost is.Why arent we willing to fix our earth? Are our televisions and game systems more important to us than where we live? Where shall we continue to live，until the end of time?The earth is our home and cannot be replaced.We must take care of it.We have come up with so much technology that limits u
15、s instead of helping us.Take that game system we run to repair.What does it do? It occupies kids time! The earth has already given kids plenty of entertainment in the forms of fields and hills，forests and plains，water and land.However，instead of using what the earth has given us，and helping kids by
16、giving them exercise as they run around，we decide to ruin kids minds with game systems that glue them to the screen for hours，and make them ignore their homework and chores.We have polluted this earth by making these things which do not even help in any way!We have already messed up this world，we ha
17、ve ruined the air，water，and animals that it has so willingly provided for us.We need to stop this destruction of life and bring back the world we had before.It will not be easy，but everybody can help! What about something as simple as turning the lights off when you leave a room? Recycling what can
18、be recycled? Picking up litter? Donating money to an environmental organization? None of these things are very hard.We cant just always say，“Oh，the earth is a mess.Ah，well，those big companies that are polluting so much can stop and fix it.” Instead，we need to help out.Its not only those big companie
19、s; its everyday things that we do too that are ruining the earth.So stop and think about what you can do to make a difference to our world!【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章强烈呼吁人们停止破坏地球，保护地球生态环境。5Why does the author mention televisions and game systems in Paragraph 1?ATo make people better aware of the urgency to the
20、 protection of the earth.BTo explore the great harm done to the earth by too much technology waste.CTo show the relationship between overuse of those things with early death.DTo remind people to spend less on them and use the saved money in a wiser way.A推理判断题。根据短文第一段“The earth is dying before us yet
21、 we sit and watch.”可知作者是为了提醒人们保护地球的重要性和紧急性，故选A。6We can clearly feel that the author wrote this passage with deep AangerBemotionCsadnessDregretB写作态度题。根据短文第二段“We have polluted this earth by making these things which do not even help in any way！”以及第三段“So stop and think about what you can do to make a d
22、ifference to our world！”等多个感叹句的使用，可知作者在写这篇文章时具有强烈的情感，故选B。7What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo criticize those big companies that ruin the earth.BTo ask people to save kids from the harm done by pollution.CTo give kids plenty of entertainment in a clean environment.DTo call on people to stop
23、ruining the earth.D主旨大意题。根据短文第三段“We need to stop this destruction of life and bring back the world we had before.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们停止破坏地球，故选D。CThe African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem (生态系统)Unlike other animals, the African elepha
24、nt is to a great extent the builder of its environment.As a big planteater, it largely shapes the forestandsavanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat(栖息地)It is the elephants great desire for food that m
25、akes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat.In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees.This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and i
26、n the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas.In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other planteaters.Take the rain forests for example.In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth
27、of plants on the forest floor.By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor.In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed planteaters to move around and for small planteaters to get their food as well.What worr
28、ies scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species.If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了非洲大象对生态的影响，并解释了具体原因。8What is the
29、passage mainly about?ADisappearance of African elephants.BForests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.CThe effect of African elephants search for food.DThe eating habit of African elephants.C主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了非洲大象对生态的影响。根据题意，故选C。9What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probabl
30、y mean?AFixing the time.BWorsening the state.CImproving the quality.DDeciding the conditions.D词义猜测题。根据上下文可知大象对生态的影响很大；这里是指大象形成了它所生活的大草原的环境，决定了其他一些生活在栖息地的动物的情况。根据题意，故选D。10What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?AThey result from the destruction of rain forests.BThey provide food mainly f
31、or African elephants.CThey are home to many endangered animals.DThey are attractive to planteating animals of different kinds.D细节理解题。根据“In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other planteaters.” 在这些开放的空间中有许多处于不同生长阶段的植物，它们吸引着各种其他食草动物。根据题意，故选D。11
32、The passage is developed mainly by Ashowing the effect and then explaining the causesBpointing out similarities and differencesCdescribing the changes in space orderDgiving examplesA推理判断题。文章采用的写作方法是先说明影响，然后解释了具体的原因。根据题意，故选A。DAir pollution by sources ranging from cooking fires to auto smoke contribut
33、ed to an estimated seven million deaths worldwide in 2018，the UN health agency said Tuesday.“Air pollution，and were talking about both indoors and outdoors，is now the biggest environmental health problem，and its affecting everyone，both developed and developing countries，”said Maria Neira，the World H
34、ealth Organizations public and environmental health chief.Globally，pollution was linked to one death in eight in 2018，new WHO research found.The biggest pollution related killers were heart disease，stroke，pulmonary(肺的)disease and lung cancer.The hardesthit regions of the globe were what the WHO labe
35、ls Southeast Asia，which includes India and Indonesia，and the Western Pacific，ranging from China and South Korea to Japan and the Philippines.Together，they accounted for 5.9 million deaths.The global death toll included 4.3 million deaths due to indoor air pollution，chiefly caused by cooking over coa
36、l and wood stoves and so on.The toll from outdoor pollution was 3.7 million，with sources ranging from coal heating fires to gas engines.Many people are exposed to both indoor and outdoor pollution，the WHO said，and due to that overlap(重叠)the separate death toll attributed to the two sources cannot si
37、mply be added together，therefore the figure of seven million deaths.The new figure is shocking，Neira told reporters.When it last released an estimate for deaths related to air pollution，in 2008，the agency had put the figure related to outdoor pollution at 1.3 million，while the number blamed on indoo
38、r pollution was 1.9 million.But a change in research methods makes comparison difficult between the 2014 estimate and the 2018 figures，Neira said.In the past，for example，the WHO did not take into account the overlap between exposure to both forms，and only assessed urban pollution.Satellite imagery h
39、as made it easier to assess rural pollution，and new knowledge about the health impact of exposure has enabled a better count.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要分析了全球空气污染的原因及其造成的后果。12We can infer from Paragraph 1 that Aair pollution only comes from cooking fires and vehicle smokeBair pollution has caused a big disaste
40、r to the whole worldChealth problem must have come from air pollutionDair pollution is mainly affecting the developing countriesB推理判断题。根据第一段中第一句“2018年，全世界约7百多万人因空气污染而死亡”可知B项正确。13Which of the following has nothing to do with serious air pollution?AAIDS.BHeart disease.CStroke.DLung cancer.A细节理解题。根据第二段
41、第二句可知空气污染可以引起的疾病有心脏病、中风和肺部疾病。它不能引起艾滋病。14What is the meaning of the underlined word“labels”in Paragraph 2?ALaunches.BBreaks.CClassifies.DForbids.C词义猜测题。根据第二段后半部分介绍的国家和死亡人数可知世界卫生组织把这些国家进行了分类。故该词意为“分类”。15What can we know about the deaths caused by air pollution?AIndoor air pollution should be to blame
42、for 5.9 million deaths.BCooking by burning coals and wood，etc.is the main reason for indoor air pollution.CAir pollution is not related to driving cars or motorcycles.DOutdoor pollution is from coal heating fires and gas engines.B细节理解题。 根据第二段中“The global death toll included 4.3 million deaths due to
43、 indoor air pollution，chiefly caused by cooking over coal and wood stoves and so on.”可知选B。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) How can we all get more laughter into our lives? Here is what the experts suggest： 16 Nancy Alguire，a teacher in Clifton Park，N.Y.，was once painfully shy and had a hard time laughin
44、g.Then she married a circus clown (小丑)“I became interested in the clowns，” she recalls “One day I put on a costume and paint my face.That afternoon my whole life changed.I learned to laugh and enjoy life in a way I had never done before.” 17 To this day，she still makes it a rule to be with people wh
45、o enjoy life and laughing. 18 It doesnt take you too much time and can be easy.Collect favorite cartoons and jokes.Also，keep a paper for writing down humor you find in everyday life.“Good ideas come and go fast，you have to capture them quickly or they are gone，” says Virginia Tooper.Laugh when you n
46、eed it most.“ 19 ” says comedian Bill Cosby.“And once you find laughter，no matter how painful your situation might be，you can survive it，” he insists.Gray Alan，a sociology professor at the University of Minnesota，claims that laughter is a skill we can all gainbecause it comes naturally. 20 Just reme
47、mber: we are just here for a period，so get a few laughs.AYou can soften the worst blows through humor.BMix with people who laugh.CPractise the art of laughing.DKeep a laughter file.EHe who laughs last laughs best.FBut its also something that has to be developed.GPeoples joy can affect those around t
48、hem.【语篇解读】笑声是人们生活中不可或缺的，没有笑声的生活是惨淡寂寞的。那么如何在我们的生活中寻找更多的快乐，获得更多的笑声呢？在本文中作者对此提出了几条建议。16B考查对上下文的理解和概括能力。在本段中作者通过讲述Nancy Alguire的经历，说明笑声会感染人们，由此判断B选项内容符合语境，选B。17G考查对上下文的理解和概括能力。根据上文内容和空后内容“To this day，she still makes it a rule to be with people who enjoy life and laughing.”可知过得开心快乐的方法之一是要和快乐的人们在一起，让人们的开心
49、感染到自己，故判断G选项可以起到承上启下的作用，选G。18D考查对上下文的理解和概括能力。本段中心内容是建议人们收集自己喜欢的卡通和笑话，幽默，而D选项Keep a laughter file.“建立笑声档案”，内容可以概括本段，选D。19A考查对上下文的理解和概括能力。前后句内容都是建议人们面对困境用笑声去应对，由此推断A选项“You can soften the worst blows through humor”(用幽默去迎接最严重的打击)内容符合语境，选A。20F考查对上下文的理解和概括能力。前句内容告诉人们笑声是每个人生来具备的能力，而F选项“But its also somethi
50、ng that has to be developed.”也指出了laughter的特点，是对上句内容的进一步补充，故答案选F。.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Toms car got so old that he decided to sell it.He asked among his friends to see if anyone was particularly 21 to buy a cheap car，but they all knew that it was falling to pieces，so 22 of them had any desire to bu
51、y it.Toms friend Sam saw that he was 23 when they met one evening，and said，“Whats up，Tom？”Tom told him，and Sam answered，“Well，what about advertising it in the paper？You may 24 more for it that way than the cost of the advertisement！”Thinking that Sams 25 was reasonable，he put an advertisement in an
52、evening paper，which read“For sale：small car， 26 very little petrol，only two owners.Bargain at $50.”For two days after the advertisement first appeared，there was no 27 But then on Saturday evening he had an enquiry.A man rang up and said he would like to 28 him about the car.“ All right，”Tom said，fee
53、ling happy.He asked the man whether ten oclock the next morning would be 29 or not.“Fine，”the man said，“and Ill bring my wife.We intend to go for a ride in it to 30 it.”The next morning，at a quarter to ten，Tom parked the car in the square outside his front door， 31 to wait there for the people who h
54、ad 32 his advertisement.Even Tom had to 33 that the car really looked like a wreck(残骸)Then，soon after he had got the car as clean 34 it could be，a police car stopped just behind him and a policeman got out.He looked at Toms car and then said，“Have you reported this 35 to us yet，sir？”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。T
55、om登广告卖一辆破旧不堪的车，当他把车停在外面时，警察还误以为出了交通事故。21A.anxiousBluckyCashamedDgenerousA上文说Tom决定卖掉这辆车，所以他在朋友中打听看谁急于(anxious)要买一辆便宜的车，故A项正确。22A.someBneitherCnoneDmostC根据本空前的“but they all knew that it was falling to pieces”可知，没有人(none)愿意买Tom的车，故C项正确。23A.upsetBdelightedCcalmDastonishedA上文说没有人愿意买Tom的车，因此Tom很沮丧(upset)，
56、故A项正确。24A.learnBmissCgetDfindC根据本空后的“than the cost of the advertisement”可知，这样你得到(get)的要比广告费用多得多，故C项正确。25A.messageBrequestCadviceDdescriptionC由上文可知，登广告是Sam的建议(advice)，故C项正确。26A.usesBlosesChasDspendsA根据本空后的“very little petrol”可知，此处是说耗(use)油少，故A项正确。27A.doubtBhelpCtroubleDanswerD根据本空后的“But then on Satur
57、day evening he had an enquiry.”可知，广告登出后刚开始并没有收到回复(answer)，故D项正确。28A.tellBcallCagreeDseeD根据本空后的“Tom said，feeling happy.”可知，这个人要见(see)Tom谈买车事宜，故D项正确。29A.exactBsuitableCearlyDlateB上文说那个人要见Tom谈买车事宜，所以Tom问他明天上午十点是否合适(suitable)，故B项正确。30A.recognizeBgainCtestDadmireC根据本空前的“go for a ride in it”可知，那个人说他们要开Tom
58、的车试试(test)它怎么样，故C项正确。31A.happeningBmeaningCturningDfailingB根据本空后的“wait there for the people”可知，Tom把车停在外面，打算(mean to)等要买车的人，故B项正确。32A.readBinsertedCansweredDplacedC根据本空前的“wait there for the people”可知，Tom在等回复(answer)他的人，故C项正确。33A.forgetBadmitCdisagreeDshowB根据本空后的“.that the car really looked like a wre
59、ck(残骸)”可知，就连Tom自己都不得不承认(admit)自己的车看起来像一堆残骸，故B项正确。34A.soBthatCsuchDasD根据本空后的“it could be”可知，Tom把车擦得像它原来那样干净，as.as.是固定搭配，表示“像一样”，故D项正确。35A.bargainBsaleCresultDaccidentD上文说Tom的车看起来就像一堆残骸，此处是说警察误以为Tom的车发生了交通事故，问Tom是否把这一事故(accident)报告给了警局。此处旨在突出Tom的车破旧不堪，故D项正确。.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)You may like at le
60、ast some kind of music.But the problem is that, in lots of places, youre made 36. (hear) somebody elses choice of music.Say youve just landed at an airport, where the background (背景) music may be played loudly.When you are 37. the way to your hotel, there may be another kind of music 38. (switch) on
61、 by the taxi driver.Then you go out to dinner and end up in a restaurant, 39. owner thinks music will help make you eat more and spend more.Then a person 40. (play) the violin comes around.This is called the “music wallpaper” and 41. (it) purpose is to make you consume more.In a word, you find it ha
62、rd to find a quiet public place without music.Noise pollution may be 42. (harm) to our hearing.Its also bad for some of our daily 43. (activity)The fact 44. you cant see, taste or smell noise may help explain why it has not received as much attention as other kinds of pollution, such as air pollutio
63、n or water pollution.Many of us fail to realize we 45. (surround) by too much noise.As a result, harm is done to our health without us being aware of it.【语篇解读】我们身边有很多未意识到的污染，它们正在对我们的身体造成伤害。36to hear 固定结构：make sb.do sth.使某人做某事，此处是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变成被动语态时要把to加上，可知答案为to hear。37on固定词组：on ones way to.，在
64、去的路上，可知答案为on。38switched 句意：出租车司机可能又开始播放另一种音乐。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故答案为switched。39whose 此处restaurant作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作定语，故答案为whose。40playing 句意：然后，一个拉小提琴的人来了。此处是现在分词作后置定语，表主动，可知答案为playing。41its此处是its作定语，修饰后面的名词purpose，故答案为its。42harmful 句意：噪音污染可能对我们的听力是有害的。be harmful to对有伤害，故答案为harmful。43activities 句意：这也对我们的一些日常
65、活动是不好的。根据句意可知用名词的复数形式，故答案为activities。44that 句意：你看不见、尝不到或闻不到噪音的这个事实有助于解释。此处The fact后面是that引导的同位语从句，故答案为that。45are surrounded 句意：我们很多人没有意识到我们被太多的噪音包围。根据句意可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，we是主语，复数形式，故答案为are surrounded。.写作(满分15分)假设你是学校学生会的一员，为了拥有一个更美好的校园，你发出了全员环保的倡议，并制作了如下图的海报。请根据海报内容及以下要点写一份倡议书。1环保是我们中学生义不容辞的责任；2我们应该养
66、成这些环保习惯；3让我们人人都为地球母亲尽一份绵薄之力吧！ 【参考范文】Dear friends，Do you want to live in a beautiful world? So it is our obligation to maintain the ecological balance.To fulfill this task，we should develop the following habits of protecting the environment.First, while sticking to the habit of walking to school，we s
67、hould eat at least five kinds of fruits and vegetables a day.Its also important to recycle everything recyclable and cherish our schools environment by picking up any litter and turning off the taps and the lights.Lets all take action now and contribute to the prosperity of our motherthe earth.Thank
68、 you!The Students Union.读后续写(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。When I saw her tonight she smiled and recognized me.I smiled back at her.She was looking more relaxed even though she was still busy doing her job.I have noticed her several times this last few months and she always
69、 looks so much happier now.Tonight when I talked with her I noticed her name tag.Her name is Pamela.Pamela works at the express checkouts in a busy supermarket.She deals with problems when the selfservice checkout experiences a problem (no price on product，machine problems，etc.)She monitors these ch
70、eckouts and usually has hardly dealt with one complaint before another is created.When I first talked to Pamela，I had called her to the checkout I was using.There wasnt any problem with the checkout though.My problem or should I say concern was about Pamela.She looked tired and was under a lot of st
71、ress as she quickly moved from one checkout to the next.Its a bit of a firefighting job.I told Pamela that she needed to slow down.I told her she wasnt getting paid enough to be working as hard as she was working.I told her that we，the customers，could wait and it was very bad for her health to be pu
72、tting herself under such pressure.I told her that our expectations were not as hard as the ones she set for herself.Pamela told me she would slow down.I could tell she was touched that not only did I notice her stress but I chose to talk to her about it and was concerned for her health.I gently told
73、 her things had to change.I told her I would be looking out for her in future to see if she had taken my advice on board.She smiled and said，“I promise that I will next time.”Paragraph 1：When I saw her she was still doing her job but there was such a difference. Paragraph 2：I am proud of myself. 【参考
74、范文】Paragraph 1：When I saw her she was still doing her job but there was such a difference.I praised the new her.Now Pamela said that other customers would have to wait for their turn while she dealt with another customer.She told me the change had significantly improved her health.She added that she
75、s also shared what I said with her colleagues.As I walked away from Pamela my heart was lightened.She has taken my advice on board and tried to slow down her working pace.A days work means just that.It doesnt mean that one should put two days work into one day.Paragraph 2：I am proud of myself.Not on
76、ly have I caused Pamela to reflect on the pressure she was putting herself under，but also she in turn has encouraged her colleagues in the supermarket to do the same.I really feel very happy and satisfied for my concern and act of kindness do make a difference to those in need.Its just a simple act of love that costs no money.So my friends，our kindness doesnt have to be material，but just loving.Bless you all for all you do for others.
