1、Unit 3 ComputersLearning about Language语法精讲思维构建现在完成时的被动语态观察上面对话,并类比填空。1.First as a PC and then as a laptop,I _(use)in offices and homessince the 1970s.2.Since the 1970s many new applications _(find)for me.3.I _ even _(put)into space rockets and _(send)to explore the Moonand Mars.have been usedhave b
2、een foundhavebeen putsent 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性的动作,动作已完成并强调对现在造成的影响或结果,主语和谓语之间为被动关系。现在完成时的被动语态的结构为 has/have been done。主语为单数时用 has been done,而主语为复数时则用 have been done。*More than 65 Syrian soldiers have been killed in the area since Feb.25.自从 2 月 25 号以来,在这个地区已经有超过 65 名叙利亚士兵阵亡。一、现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式肯定式主语+h
3、ave/has been done.否定式主语+have/has not been done.一般疑问式Have/Has+主语+been done.?特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done.?*Already this year,115 measles cases have been reported in the USA.今年美国已经报道了115例荨麻疹病例。*Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect ofthe music has been los
4、t.Moran说现在的爵士乐存在的问题之一就是它的娱乐因素已经没了。*The construction of the bridge has not been finished.桥的建设还没有完成。*Has it been announced when the plane is to take off?有没有宣布飞机何时起飞?*The dream was so true at the beginning,but why has it been broken into pieces?梦当初那么真,为何裂为碎片?(1)since then,since+从句,so far,by now,up to n
5、ow,recently,lately,already,yet,in the last/past+时间段等常用于现在完成时的句子中。(2)非延续性动词,如 borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join 等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要变换动词或时态。This bike has been bought by my brother for almost four years.()My brother has had this bike for almost four years.()FT(1)句型转换。T
6、he children have already been told the good news.变为否定句。The children _the good news yet.变为一般疑问句。_the good news yet?对the children进行提问。_the good news yet?havent been toldHave the children been toldWho has been told(2)Im sorry,but the letters _yet.很抱歉,这些信件还没有被打印出来。(3)The plan _for nearly two hours.这项计划已
7、被讨论了近两个小时了。(4)She _since then.从那时候起,她就没来过信。havent been typedhas been discussedhasnt been heard from二、使用现在完成时的被动语态的几点注意事项1.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。*Mobike,a new kind of public bike rental service,has been put into use in somebig cities.摩拜单车,一种新型公共自行车租赁服务,已经在一些大城市投入使用。2.带有双宾语的动词,如give,send
8、,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。*The leading part has been given to a young actress and she should play it very well.主角由一位年轻女演员去演,她应该演得很好。3.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。*The news th
9、at he has been elected president of the country is true.他当选那个国家的总统的消息是真的。4.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持完整性,其中的介词或副词不可省略。*The traditional skill of making the paper by hand has been passed down throughgenerations.用手制作纸张的传统工艺已经传了好几代人了。5.happen,take place,break out,belong to,cost,last等不及物动词或词组不能用于现在完成时的被动语态
10、。Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.()Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.()6.在时间或条件状语从句中,用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。*You shouldnt go swimming before the wound has been recovered.在伤口恢复之前,你不应该去游泳。FT 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,若宾语补足语为省略 to 的不定式充当时,在被动语态中需将省掉的 to 加上。将下面句子变为被动语态。(
11、1)They have built many houses in the village in the past few years.Many houses _in the village in the past few years.(2)They should have completed the project earlier this month.The project _earlier this month.(3)Jacks boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.Jack _by his boss for his de
12、votion to work.have been builtshould have been completedhas always been praised.用所给词的适当形式填空1.A lot of factories _(set)up since last year.2.Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water _(pollute).3.If the paper _(finish),please hand it in.4.Although he has lived with us for year
13、s,he _(not leave)us muchimpression.5.Many of her friends _(invite)to her birthday party.学情诊断课堂测评have been sethave been pollutedhas been finishedhasnt lefthave been invited6.Is the meeting being held now?No.I hear that it _(put)off till tomorrow.7.How many cars _(make)in the factory since 1990?8.Its
14、the first time that the old computer _(check)since I boughtit.9.We want to sit at the table near the window.Im sorry,but it _(take)already.10.Its said that the bridge _(close)for repairs for months.has been puthave been madehas been checkedhas been takenhas been closed.完成句子1.How long _ the battery _
15、?电池多久没有更换了?2.You shouldnt leave school before your homework _.在你的作业完成之前你不应该离开学校。3.Paper money _for over one thousand years.纸币已经被使用了1 000多年了。4._a chance to work abroad recently by the company.最近公司给了他一个出国工作的机会。hasnot been changedhas been finishedhas been usedHe has been given5.He _the sports meeting.他
16、已被挑选出来参加运动会。6.The plan _by the experts for three times.这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。7.The child _by Grandma Wang all these years.这些年来,这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。8.The passage _.这段文字已被润色。has been selected to take part inhas been studiedhas been taken care ofhas been polished随着科技的发展,尤其是计算机的发展,我们的生活发生了很大的变化。自 20 世纪 70 年代以来,计算机被广
17、泛地运用到许多不同的领域。例如,计算机已经应用于机器人和太空火箭当中。在计算机的帮助下,人们的生活质量有了很大改善。With the development of technology,especially the development ofcomputer,our life has changed a lot.The computer has been widely used inmany different fields since the 1970s.For example,the computer has been putinto robots and space rockets.The quality of human life has been improvedgreatly with the help of the computer.
