1、Day 8健康保健AWhat will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accid
2、ents, murder and war. Todays leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.In discussion of technological changes the Internet gets most of the attention these days.But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long
3、can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death.Cells(细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last
4、 forever.But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will b
5、uild new brain cells, heart cells, and so onin much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on
6、the way to this wonderful future.1. According to the passage,human death is now mainly caused by _.A. diseases and aging B. accidents and warC. accidents and aging D. heart disease and war2. In the authors opinion, todays most important advance in technology lies in _.A. medicine B. the InternetC. b
7、rain cells D. human organs3. Humans may live longer in the future because _.A. heart disease will be far away from usB human brains can decide the final deathC. the basic materials of cells will last foreverD. human organs can be repaired by new medicine4. We can learn from the passage that _.A. hum
8、an life will not last more than 120 years in the futureB. humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells nowC. much needs to be done before humans can have a longer lifeD. we have already solved the technical problems in building new cellsBNao, the first robot able to show feelings, has been c
9、reated by a European research team. When Nao is sad, he lowers his head and looks down. When hes happy, he raises his arms for a hug. Nothing is out of the ordinary, except that Nao is a robot.“Were modeling the first years of life,” says Lola Canamero, a computer scientist at the University of Hert
10、forshire. “The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal(言语的) expressions.”In the future, says the scientist, robots are likely to act as companions, provide support for old people, and help people shop online. In such uses, the display of feeling w
11、ill be important in making the interactions(交往) more natural and comfortable.Nao has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child. It can memorize faces, and knows the basic rules of good and bad. Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on. The actions goin
12、g with each feeling are pre-programmed, but Nao decides for itself when to display them.Nao is also programmed to have different personalities. A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room, while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the r
13、oom that may be harmful.Canameros team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications. Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors, nurses and parents. Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can unders
14、tand their emotional states makes them less anxious. “We want to explore different rolesthe robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do. We want to help the children to control their anxiety.” she says.1. According to the text, Nao_.A. displays differ
15、ent feelings in different situationsB. is able to imitate adult emotional displaysC. can remember peoples feelingsD. learns emotions from facial expressions2. What can we learn from the text?A. Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create Naos emotions.B. The time when Nao displays f
16、eelings has been pre-programmed.C. Emotional programming is used in medicine production.D. Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.3. What does the underlined word “distress” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Courage. B. Anxiety.C. Anger. D. Satisfaction.4. What is the tex
17、t mainly about?A. The relationship between humans and robots.B. The roles that robots play in different fields.C. The first robot able to show feelings.D. The long history of robots.CEarlier this month, 6-year-old Isaac went on vacation to Fort Walton, Florida, with his family. While they were there
18、, his mother Garrett learned about LuLu, a restaurant that offers food to customers with food allergies(过敏).At LuLu, Isaac could eat a salad and a bowl of chicken soup with rice. “Isaac looked at me as if asking, Is this OK? ” Garrett said. Once his mom gave the OK, Isaac enjoyed for the first time
19、the experience of eating at a restaurant. “That look on his face was like, This is the coolest thing Ive ever done, ” Garrett added.Garrett and her family rarely eat out because of Isaacs food allergies. When they do, she cooks something for Isaac at home before they leave and brings it with her to
20、the restaurant. “Its not fun and it feels unfair,” she said.Their night at LuLu marked a celebration for Isaac. Garrett shared the moment on the restaurants Facebook page. “Thank you from the bottom of my heart for giving Isaac this wonderful experience,” she wrote in her post.Barnett, the restauran
21、ts manager, said, “When customers tell the staff that someone in their group has a food allergy, I assist with the order by passing it to the kitchen, ensuring its cooked in a separate station and delivering the finished food to the guests. We have been improving this process over the past ten years
22、 since our allergy program was started.”On Garretts Facebook post, LuLu thanked Garrett for sharing her story. “Thank you for sharing your experience with us,” the restaurant wrote in a comment, “We are excited to see your son so happy!” Garrett is hoping her posts popularity will persuade other res
23、taurants to be more considerate. “LuLu takes it seriously as we take it nothing could make us happier than that,” she said.1. What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Eating chicken soup with rice.B. Eating at a restaurant.C. Eating with her mom.D. Being on vacation with her f
24、amily.2. What will Barnett do when guests with allergies come to dinner?A. He will personally assist with the order.B. He will deliver the menu to them.C. He will introduce the allergy program.D. He will cook dinner in a separate station.3. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The popularity
25、 of her post made Garrett excited.B. Garrett is unsatisfied with other restaurants.C. LuLu thanks Garrett for eating in the restaurant.D. Garrett hopes more restaurants will follow LuLus steps.4. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.C. A research paper. D
26、. A travel brochure.DThe bad health effects of sleep loss during the week cant be repaid by longer weekend sleep, according to a new study.Researchers have long known that sleep deprivation (剥夺) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks. But for those who force themselves out of bed ever
27、y weekday after too few hours of shut-eye, they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.The research, published in Current Biology, crushes those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in
28、 a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some benefits after a single week of sleep loss, those gains were wipe
29、d out when people fell right back into their same sleep-deprived schedule the next Monday.“If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, theyre gone when you go back to your daily schedule. Its very short-lived,” said Kenneth Wright, director of the sleep and chronobiology lab at the University of Colora
30、do at boulder. “These health effects are long-term. Its kind of like smoking once waspeople would smoke and wouldnt see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be.”Wright
31、 said that the study suggests people should put sleep in the first placecutting out the “sleep stealers” such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones. Even when people dont have a choice about losing sleep because of child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should thi
32、nk about getting sleep in the same way they would get a healthy diet or exercise.1. What do the researchers find about weekend recovery sleep?A. It is common among people.B. It will make people healthier.C. It can make people put on weight.D. Its able to make up for the sleep loss.2. What does the u
33、nderlined word “crushes” mean?A. Arouses. B. Guarantees.C. Deepens. D. Ruins.3. What will Kenneth Wright agree with?A. It takes long for people to see the effects of sleep loss.B. Smoking and sleep loss have the same bad effects.C. Weekend recovery sleep has many benefits.D. Smoking is more harmful
34、than sleep loss4. What does Kenneth Wright advise people to do?A. Sleep as long as possible during weekdays.B. Watch some TV shows before bedtime.C. Reduce the screen time before sleep.D. Take regular exercise every day.答案A【答案解析】 1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现代药物技术的进步对人的寿命的影响。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第
35、一段“Todays leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.”可知导致人类死亡的主要原因是疾病和衰老。故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times.( 但医学上的变化可能是我们这个时代真正的技术事件。)”可以推断出，医药的改变是我们这个时代发展最大的技术。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“
36、But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine.medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs.”可知医药将能够修复人的器官使人活得更长。故选D。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this
37、wonderful future.( 但在通向这一美好未来的道路上，仍有许多技术问题需要解决。)”可知还有很多技术问题需要解决，才能实现(延长人类生命的目的)。故选C。B【答案解析】 1. A 2. D 3. B4. C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个欧洲研究团队发明了一个能够通过姿势表达情感的机器人Nao，让机器人能更舒服更自然的交往，表达感情是非常重要的。Nao拥有一岁小孩表达情感的能力，同时Nao也被设置了不同的特性，一个更独立的机器人能够更好的完成各种任务。最后，Canamero的团队希望能将这种情感程序运用在医学APP上，能够帮助小孩在看医生时，缓解他们的焦虑。【1题详解】细节
38、理解题。文中第一段第二句提到“When Nao is sad, he lowers his head and looks down. When hes happy, he raises his arms for a hug.”当Nao生气时，他会低下头，当他开心时，他会伸出手要求抱抱，说明Nao能在不同的情况下表达不同的情绪。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。文中第一句提到“Nao, the first robot able to show feelings”Nao是第一个能表达情感的机器人。同时，第二段最后一句“The feelings are shown through physical g
39、estures and body movements rather than facial or verbal(言语的) expressions.”科学家认为情感是通过姿势和手势表达的而不是语言或面部表情，说明Nao是没有语言功能的，故A项错误。第四段最后一句提到“The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed, but Nao decides for itself when to display them.”Nao的每种情感对应的动作是预先编程好的，但什么时候显示是Nao自己决定的，而不是显示的时间也是预先编程好的，故B项错误。第
40、六段第一句提到“Canameros team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications.” Canamero的团队将要在医学APP上运用情感程序，will take是一般将来时，表示将要发生还未发生的事情，故C项错误。第六段第三句提到“Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.”如果小孩有一个小
41、小的、可爱的又能够理解他们情感状态的机器人陪着的话，他们可能就不会那么焦虑了，D项与文章意思符合，故选D。【3题详解】词义猜测题。A. Courage勇气，B. Anxiety焦虑；担心，C. Anger生气，D. Satisfaction满意。文中第五段提到一个独立的机器人在搜索一个空间时很少寻求帮助，是独立完成任务的。句中while“然而”是一个转折连词，连接两个句意相反的句子，由此可以判断，一个胆怯的机器人在处理一个空间内的有害东西时可能会不知所措。故选B。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，仅在最后一段提到了机器人将会被运用在医学APP上来缓解小孩焦虑的情况，A项不全面，故A项错误。
42、文章第二段提到了在未来机器人能从事的一些工作，B项较片面，故B项错误。文章中无明显的关于时间、时长方面的词汇，因此无法说明机器人的历史，故D项错误。文章第一段就提到了情感机器人Nao，且文章中的内容都是围绕情感机器人的特性，将来会运用到的场景展开的，C项正确。故选C。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。如该文第4小题，提问这篇文章主要讲了什么内容，因此对于文章的概括
43、应完整而非片面。此时对文章中每段内容的大意进行一个总结性的概括即可。C【答案解析】 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述Garrett一家去一家为有食物过敏的顾客提供食物的餐厅的就餐经历，餐厅所提供的食物使有食物过敏的儿子非常满意。作者呼吁更多的餐厅能关注食物过敏的顾客。【1题详解】词义指代题。根据第二段中Once his mom gave the OK, Isaac enjoyed for the first time the experience of eating at a restaurant.“妈妈同意后，Isaac第一次体验到了在餐馆吃饭的乐趣。”由此
44、可知，下文This is the coolest thing Ive ever done中的划线词this指的是eating at a restaurant。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中When customers tell the staff that someone in their group has a food allergy, I assist with the order by passing it to the kitchen, ensuring its cooked in a separate station and delivering the finish
45、ed food to the guests.“当顾客告诉工作人员他们组里有人对食物过敏时，我就会帮他把食物送到厨房，确保食物是在单独的地方做的，并把做好的食物送到客人那里。”由此可知，当有过敏反应的客人来吃饭时，Barnett将亲自点菜。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Garrett is hoping her posts popularity will persuade other restaurants to be more considerate.“Garrett希望她的帖子的受欢迎程度能说服其他餐馆服务更加周到。”从最后一段可知，Garrett希望更多的餐馆能效仿LuLu
46、的做法。故选D。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中While they were there, his mother Garrett learned about LuLu, a restaurant that offers food to customers with food allergies(过敏).“当他们在那里的时候，他的母亲Garrett了解了LuLu，这是一家为食物过敏的顾客提供食物的餐馆。”和最后一段中Garrett is hoping her posts popularity will persuade other restaurants to be more consid
47、erate.“Garrett希望她的帖子的受欢迎程度能说服其他餐馆服务更加周到。”由此推知，这篇文章最有可能来自“一本健康杂志”。故选B。【点睛】做推理判断题时对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，根据最后一段中Garrett is hoping her posts popularity will persuade other restaurants to be more considerate.“Garrett希望她的帖子的受欢迎程度能说服其他餐馆服务更加
48、周到。”从最后一段可知，Garrett希望更多的餐馆能效仿LuLu的做法。故选D。D【答案解析】 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C本文是一篇说明文,介绍了周末补觉并不能弥补工作日缺失的睡眠。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“Despite complete freedom to sleep during a weekend recovery period, people in a sleep lab who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two we
49、eks and experienced disorders that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term.”可知，平日睡眠少的人，体重可能会增加，并增加患糖尿病风险。故选C项。【2题详解】词义推测题。本题理解的关键在于搞清楚“those hopes”指代的是第二段中的“they hope turning off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects.”根据本句可知人们寄
50、希望于通过周末补觉能弥补睡眠，然而这个研究却“打破了”人们的这种愿望。推测此处词义为“摧毁，打破”的意思。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“These health effects are long-term. Its kind of like smoking once waspeople would smoke and wouldnt see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think
51、 sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be.”可知人们对于睡眠缺失的了解现阶段还不深，就像是吸烟一样，得过上一段时间之后人们才会看到它的坏处。故选A项。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“people should put sleep in the first placecutting out the “sleep stealers” such as watching television shows or spending time on their phones.”可知他建议人们缩减些不必要的活动来保证睡眠的时间。故选C项。
