1、定语从句和状语从句1. Mr. Zheng is a patient teacher _ I have the greatest respect and he is popular with the students.A. who B. with whom C. whose D. for whom【答案解析】 D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：郑老师是一位耐心的老师，我非常尊敬他，他很受学生们的欢迎。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词teacher，且根据短语have respect for sb.“尊敬某人”可知介词应用for，先行词指人做介词的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故选D。【
2、点睛】关系代词前介词选择三原则：一先，二动，三意义。1.一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)2.二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)3.三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。This is my pair of glasses, _without which_ I cannot see clearly
3、.2. Look, the building _ top we can see here is our library.Oh, it is very beautiful.A. that B. what C. which D. whose【答案解析】 D【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：看，我们在这儿能看到的楼顶是我们的图书馆。哦，它很漂亮。定语从句中关系代词作定语修饰名词top，whose名词表示所属，定语从句中whose既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物。故选D。3. Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these t
4、erraces still mean a lot to the local people _ traditions hold much value.A. for whomB. of whomC. for whichD. of which【答案解析】 A【详解】考查定语从句和介词。句意：虽然现代技术可以帮助生产更多的农作物，但这些梯田对当地人民来说仍然意义重大，因为传统对他们来说很有价值。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，且先行词是people。分析句意可知，传统对于当地人来说很有价值，表示“对于”用介词for，故选A。4. Some American spellings were created
5、 by Noah Webster, _ made one of Americas first dictionaries.A. which B. whom C. that D. who【答案解析】 D【详解】考查非限制定语从句。句意：一些美国拼法是由诺亚韦伯斯特创造的，他制作了美国最早的词典之一。分析句子可知，空后是一个非限制定语从句，句中缺主语，且先行词是人，故应用关系代词who来引导。故选D。【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词Noah Webster为名，再分析先行词Noah Webste在定语从句
6、中所作的成分，将先行词Noah Webste带到从句中可知，作主语，故确定关系代词who。5. Students are always fond of an educational atmosphere_their choices of subjects are mainly based on their interest.A. that B. which C. where D. when【答案解析】 C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们总是喜欢这样一种教育氛围他们可以基于自己的兴趣选择科目。此处为定语从句修饰先行词atmosphere，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。
7、故选C。6. The two things _ they felt very proud were their daughters polite behaviour and excellent academic performance.A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which【答案解析】 B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们感到非常自豪的两件事是他们女儿的礼貌行为和优秀的学习成绩。分析句子可知，该空为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰The two things ，指物，该处应用of which；从句中固定短语feel proud
8、 of的介词of提前，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指人，只能用whom，指物，只能用which。故选B。7. We can never forget the days _ the two astronauts in spaceship worked together and the days _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when【答案解析】 A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们永远不会忘记两名宇航员一起工作的日子以及和我们一起度过的日子。句中包含定语从句，第一句中先行词
9、是the days，在定语从句中作时间状语，指在那些日子两名宇航员一起工作，用关系副词when引导。第二句中先行词是the days指物，在定语从句中作宾语，指我们度过那些日子，用关系代词which/that引导。故选A.【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中第一句中先行词为名词the days，再分析先行词the days在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词the days带到从句中可知，只能作时间状语，故确定关系词when. 第二句中先行词是the days指物，在定语从句中作宾语，指我们度过那些日子，用关系代
10、词which/that引导。8. The activities organized by our school really gave us a platform _ we learned team spirit.A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案解析】 B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些由学校组织的活动真的给我们提供了一个学习团队精神的平台。句中先行词platform在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故选B。9. The Nobel Peace Prize is given to such people _ have made great c
11、ontributions to maintaining global peace and stability.A. that B. whom C. as D. who【答案解析】 C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔和平奖颁给那些为维护世界和平与稳定做出巨大贡献的人。先行词是people，先行词在定语从句中做主语，suchas是固定结构，故选C。10. He Ge is a very excellent actor, and the films and TV plays _ he acts attracted many young people.A. that B. in which C. w
12、ith which D. what【答案解析】 B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：He Ge是一个非常优秀的演员，他出演的电影和电视剧吸引了很多年轻人。句中包含定语从句，先行词是films and TV plays指物，定语从句是he acts，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，指在他出演的电影和电视剧中，用关系副词where或in which引导，故选B。11. If you go exploring, you should prepare a good map, a compass, a raincoat, a cellphone to call for help_you get lost, an
13、d a bit of spare cash for emergencies.A. even if B. in case C. as long as D. as if【答案解析】 B【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：如果你去探索，你应该准备一张好地图，一个指南针，一件雨衣，一部手机来求助以防你迷路了，还要有一些备用现金以备不时之需。A.even if即使；B.in case以防；万一；C.as long as只要；D.as if似乎。根据上文的“a cellphone to call for help”可推断，用手机求助，是防备迷路。故选B。12. You have to take some n
14、ecessities such as ropes, a flash, boots, _ you may get lost in the mountain if going hiking.A. in case B. in order thatC. now that D. so that【答案解析】 A【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你去徒步旅行，你不得不带着一些必要的东西例如绳子，手电和靴子，以防万一你在山里迷路了。in case以防；万一；in order that为了； now that既然；so that以便。故选A。13. It may take a while _ you find
15、 a hobby that truly interests yourself, sodont give up.A. that B. before C. unless D. since【答案解析】 B【详解】考查状语从句。句意：也许要经过一段时间，你才能找到使你感兴趣的爱好。A. that那；B. before在之前；C. unless除非；D. since自从，既然。根据句意及选项可知，此处是句型：It be+时间段+before“要过多久才”。故选B。14. In boxing, players should wear gloves and mouth guards _ anything d
16、angerous happens.A. in vain B. in a word C. in debt D. in case【答案解析】 D【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：在拳击运动中，运动员应该戴手套和牙托，以防任何危险的事情发生。A. in vain徒劳；B. in a word总之；C. in debt负债；D. in case以防，以免。分析句子可知，戴手套和牙托是为了“防止”发生危险，所以用in case引导目的状语从句。故选D项。15. _I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for.A. The plac
17、e B. The week C. The day D. The instant【答案解析】 D【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：一看见他，我就知道他是那个警察正在寻找的人。分析句子，I saw him 与I knew he was the man.为两个完整的句子，此处需用连词连接。The instant 译为 “一就”时，引导时间状语从句符合句意。故选D项。16. The instant he finished his description, I knew it would be years _ everything got right.A. that B. before C. when D
18、. since【答案解析】 B【详解】考查状语从句。句意：他一描述完，我就知道要过好几年一切才会好起来。此处为句型it will bebefore表示“要过多少时间才能够”，故选B。【点睛】before用法归纳1. 用作介词，注意以下用法：(1) 表示时间，意为“在以前”，其后只能接点时间或具有点时间意义的其他名词，而不能接一段时间。如：Ill be back before five oclock. 我5点前回来。We arrived there two days before Christmas. 我们于圣诞节前两天到达那儿。(2) 表示在两者中选择其一，意为“宁可而不愿”。如：They w
19、ould die before surrendering. 他们宁死而决不投降。True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫可杀而不可辱。2. 用作连词引导时间状语从句，除表示“在之前”这一基本义外，还有以下用法值得注意：(1) 表示“宁可也不愿”。如They would die before surrendering. 他们宁死不屈。True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫可杀而不可辱。(2) 表示“不到就”“还没有就”。如：Before the week was out, they were dead. 那
20、个星期还没过完他们就死了。Before he knew it, his piece of meat had fallen into the water. 他还没醒悟过来，那块肉就已经掉进了水里。(3) 表示“以免”“免得”。如：Do it before you forget. 趁早动手，免得忘了。Put down that knife before you hurt somebody! 把那刀子放下，以免伤人!(4) 表示“（必须）先才能”。如：The wrecked car had to be lifted before the driver could be extricated. 那辆撞
21、毁的车子必须先移开，才能救出司机。(5) 表示“（多久后）才”“（多久后）就”。如：It wont be long before they understand each other. 过不了多久他们就会互相了解的。It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary. 我们需要很长的时间才能把这部词典编译完。3. 用作副词，表示“以前”，注意以下用法：(1) 与具体时间连用（置于其后），通常与过去完成时连用（多见于宾语从句中）。如：He said he had told her about it two years before. 他
22、说他两年前就把那事告诉她了。(2) 泛指“以前”，不与具体时间连用，可完成时或过去时连用。如：I (have) read the book before. 我以前读过这本书。You should have told me so before. 你早就该告诉我了。17. She was looking for her bicycle key _ she thought she might have put it.A. whenever B. wherever C. whichever D. whatever【答案解析】 B【详解】考查状语从句。句意：她正在任何她认为她可能放的地方找她的自行车钥匙
23、。A. whenever无论何时；B. wherever无论在哪里；C. whichever无论哪一个；D. whatever无论什么。分析句子可知，空白处是地点状语，强调无论在什么地方。故选B。18. The price of diamond rings has risen sharply, _ the price of gold rings has gone down.A. when B. which C. while D. otherwise【答案解析】 C【详解】考查连词。句意：钻石戒指的价格猛增，然而金戒指的价格在下跌。A. when当时候；B. which哪一个；C. while然
24、而（表示对比）；D. otherwise否则。分析句子可知，前后文是对比关系。故选C19. Guilin is such a beautiful place _ people all over the world are eager to visit it.A. where B. as C. that D. for【答案解析】 C【详解】考查状语从句。句意：桂林是一个如此美丽的地方以至于世界各地的人都想去参观。suchthat意为“如此以至于”，可以用such+aan (+adj.)+单数可数名词+that从句。故选C。【点睛】suchthat与sothat都可以用来引导结果状语从句，意为“如
25、此以致”。（1）such是形容词，它所修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带。如果其后是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。因此，suchthat的句型结构可分为以下三种：such+a（n）(+adj.)+单数可数名词+that从句。如：She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。Table tennis is such an interesting game that people all over the world play it
26、.乒乓球是一项很有趣的运动，以致全世界的人都参加这项运动。such(+adj.)+复数可数名词+that从句。如：They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more.这些书非常有趣，我想再读一遍。such(adj.)+不可数名词+that从句。如：It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.天气太坏，以致我不得不呆在家里。（2）so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，其结构是：so+adj.(adv.)+that从句。如：He ran so fast that I
27、 couldnt catch up with him.他跑得那么快，我赶不上他。I am so sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open.我太困了，眼睛几乎睁不开了。20. You can play anywhere on campus _ youre safe.A. as long as B. as far as C. as soon as D. as much as【答案解析】 A【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：只要你安全，你可以在校园里任何地方玩。A. as long as只要；B. as far as直到；C. as soon as一就；D. as much as一样多。分析句子成分可知，后句youre safe作条件状语，因此使用as long as引导条件状语从句，故选A项。
