1、单元素养提升(三) Unit 3. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. He specializes(special) in translation from Danish into English. 2. She was held in deep affection(affect) by all her students. 3. Passengers were asked to identify(identity) their own suitcases before they were put on the plane. 4. The answer depends on what kind of
2、system is ultimately(ultimate) adopted. 5. There has been a lot of resistance(resist) to this new law. 6. The equipment(equip) of the photographic studio was expensive. 7. The gym can be used by both able-bodied and disabled(disable) people. 8. She went through a period of emotional adjustment(adjus
3、t) after her marriage broke up. 9. The new fridges will have the same features and usable space as conventional(convention) units. 10. They are demanding that all troops should be withdrawn(withdraw). . 选词填空full of, play a role in, relate to, in the near future, lead to, wrestle with, figure out, ma
4、ke great progress, without doubt, hold on to1. One of the positive effects it has on our lives, I think, is our ability to relate to others through the Internet. 2. A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness. 3. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 4. Their future was full of pro
5、mise. 5. We sincerely hope that WWF can play a role in protecting this endangered species. 6. If we keep on, we will make great progress. 7. Without doubt, she is one of the best teachers in the school. 8. You have to wrestle with your unconscious fears. 9. Hold on to your dreams and one day they ma
6、y come true. 10. She was trying to figure out what would happen next. . 完成句子1. Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years. 近年来, 科学家在机器人技术方面取得了很大的进展。2. I have been trying to help other people whenever I can all these years. 这些年来, 我一直在尽我所能帮助别人。3. I have been cooki
7、ng for my family again since I got my new hand. 自从我有了新手, 我就又开始为家人做饭了。4. I have been waiting for this chance ever since the accident. 自从那次事故以来, 我一直在等待这个机会。. 阅读理解A(2021南京高二检测)The next time you need to get somewhere, you may be able to follow your nose. A study has found that a strong sense of smell is
8、 associated with a strong sense of direction. Researchers conducted an experiment at McGill University in Canada. Fifty-seven adults were invited to participate in a virtual “way-finding task” in which they had to make their way around a virtual environment. They were given 20 minutes to learn about
9、 the virtual city. After having passed by each of eight landmarks at least twice, the participants were placed in front of one of the landmarks and asked to find the most direct route to one assigned by the researchers. The participants also smelled 40 scented(有香气的) pens one at a time. After a brief
10、 sniff, the participants chose one word that best identified the smell from four words on a screen. An additional exercise used a virtual maze(迷宫) to determine if the participants were more likely to rely on landmarks to find the way or if they used a more habit-based method built over time as peopl
11、e traveled the same route over and over again. What the researchers found was that those with the ability to correctly identify the smells of the pens also had the easiest time performing the way-finding task by way of landmarks. A strong sense of smell was not identified in the participants who use
12、d the more habit-based method. The connection between the sense of smell and way-finding likely came about as a result of the evolution of the nervous system. The original function of the sense of smell in humans may have been intended to support our spatial memory. Keep that in mind the next time y
13、ou get lost going to the dentist. It wont prevent you from getting horribly lost, but its good food for thought along the way. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究, 这项研究发现强烈的嗅觉与强烈的方向感有关。1. How does the author support his argument? A. By examining differences. B. By doing virtual experiment. C. By providing examp
14、les. D. By analyzing cause. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第二段中“Fifty-seven adults. . . around a virtual environment. ”及第三段“The participants also smelled 40. . . from four words on a screen. ”和第四段中“An additional exercise used. . . over and over again. ”可知, 为了支持强烈的嗅觉与强烈的方向感有关的论点, 作者通过举例说明的方式来验证观点。故选C项。2. What were th
15、e participants asked to do after smelling a scented pen? A. Decide whether they liked the smell. B. Use a sentence to describe the smell. C. Choose a suitable word for the smell. D. Find the landmark that featured the smell. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段“The participants also smelled 40 scented pens one at a ti
16、me. After a brief sniff, the participants chose one word that best identified the smell from four words on a screen. ”可知, 参与者每闻到一支有香味的钢笔后就被要求选出一个最能辨别这种气味的单词, 即为气味选择一个合适的词。故选C项。3. Which of the following factors is related to a strong sense of direction? A. The way of using landmarks. B. More experien
17、ce in describing things. C. Quick adjustment to the virtual world. D. A more habit-based way-finding method. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“What the researchers found was that those with the ability to correctly identify the smells of the pens also had the easiest time performing the way-finding task by way
18、of landmarks. ”可知, 拥有强烈的嗅觉的人也最容易通过路标来完成寻路任务, 说明使用路标的方式与强烈的方向感有关。故选A项。B(2021枣庄高二检测)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbor
19、ing plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .
20、 Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers
21、. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors . The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they h
22、eard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So
23、 information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现, 当多叶植物受到攻击时, 它们不会坐以待毙
24、, 会发出VOCs, 以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。4. What does a plant do when it is under attack? A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants. C. It stands quietly. D. It sends out certain chemicals. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中“reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular sm
25、ell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. ”可知, 当植物受到伤害时, 会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。故选D。5. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The
26、plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. ”可知一旦它们到达这里, 局面就扭转过来了。这些(之前的)攻击者现在就会成为(它们天敌的)午餐。故选A。6. Scientists find from their studies that plants can _. A. predi
27、ct natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段“ In study after study, . . . what to do”, 可知, 植物在必要的时候会通过分泌化学物质, 通知周围的植物保持警惕。故选D。7. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The world is changin
28、g faster than ever. B. People have stronger senses than before. C. The world is more complex than it seems. D. People in Darwins time were imaginative. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中“imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole
29、lot going on. ”可知, 这个世界远比我们看到和听到的更繁忙、更热闹和更亲密。我们认知能力有限, 有很多事仍在继续发生。故选C。. 阅读填句(2021苏州高二检测)Do you ever walk out of a room with an idea in your head, only to discover moments later that its gone? If so, dont worry: its a very common experience. 1. _The problem is often caused by “event boundaries”. 2. _
30、 They make you believe that a particular mental task is over. Tests have proved that were much more forgetful when we move from one location to another. 3. _ Its because anything that seems like the end of a taskclosing a study book, finishing a phone call, taking a cake out of the oven can have the
31、 same effect. Within seconds, much information in your mind has disappeared. 4. _ First, stop telling your brain that its work is done. This can be as simple as leaving a book open instead of putting it back on the shelf. Second, create clues to carry with you across any unavoidable event boundary.
32、Notice when these end-points are coming up, and spend a moment improving your memory. If possible, say the key points out loud: the job youre walking off to do in the next room, for example, or the plans youve just made on the phone. We actually know memory depends on imagery. 5. _Every day youre fa
33、ced with event boundaries that may restrict your recall. But by avoiding them when you can, and disguising them when you cant, youll find that much less of your learning gets lost. A. But heres how to fight back. B. So picture the details you want to keep. C. Many of us dont know how to deal with it
34、 properly. D. These are what your memory uses to stop remembering. E. And scientists believe that we can explain and approach it. F. But the same happens when we go from one activity to another, too. G. And only in this way can we overcome event boundaries successfully. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了普遍存在的健忘现象
35、, 并就如何对抗健忘提出了几个办法。1. 【解析】选E。根据前文“Do you ever walk out of a room. . . ? If so, dont worry: its a very common experience. ”和后文“The problem is often caused by event boundaries. ”可知, 这里主要是解释健忘的原因, 分析选项, E项( 科学家们相信我们可以解释和应对它)承前启后, 符合语境逻辑, 选项中的it指代的就是前面的a very common experience, 故选E。2. 【解析】选D。根据空前句“The pr
36、oblem is often caused by event boundaries. ”和后一句“They make you believe that a particular mental task is over. ”可判断, 选项D衔接前后文, 符合语境, 其中These和后一句中的They都指代前文“event boundaries”, 故选D。3. 【解析】选F。根据空前句并结合后句可知, 选项F(但当我们从一个活动转向另一个活动时, 同样的情况也会发生)与前文构成转折关系, the same指代前文中were much more forgetful, 后文是其原因, 符合该段语境逻
37、辑, 故选F。4. 【解析】选A。上一段最后讲了人们的健忘现象, 设空处是段落首句。根据后文“First, stop telling your brain that. . . Second, create clues to carry with you. . . ”可知, 该段提出了对抗健忘的方法, 选项A作为主题句衔接后文符合语境, 故选A。5. 【解析】选B。根据空前句“We actually know memory depends on imagery. ”可知选项B(所以想象一下你想保留的细节)符合此处语境, 选项中的picture与depends on imagery有内在联系, 故
38、选B。. 语法填空You have probably dreamed about how you would change the world, only 1. _ (find) that it seems impossible. However, you may have the power to make the world better with baby steps. Thats the idea behind the BA Challenge, 2. _ public service campaign co-initiated (共同发起) by Alibaba and Sina W
39、eibo, 3. _people are asked to do something positive and then record the changes before and 4. _. Initially it 5. _ (create) on Sina Weibo on Sept 2, the BA Challenge has attracted millions of viewers and 6. _ (participate), including some celebrities 7. _ (send) mooncakes to old people who live alon
40、e or planting a tree in a desert. Though these little things may be 8. _ (easy) ignored in our daily lives, they strike a chord with many viewers. Though they may seem 9. _(important) to one single person, it indeed has a great impact to make the world better if we all do that. 10. _the old Chinese
41、saying goes, “Do not fail to do good even if its small; do not engage in evil even if its small. ” Why dont we all set smaller goals? Then we may change the world slowly but surely. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了BA挑战的内容以及它的积极影响。1. 【解析】to find。考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知, 此处应用动词不定式作状语, 表示结果, 一般指出乎预料的不良结果, 常与only连用。故填to find
42、。2. 【解析】a。考查冠词。可数名词campaign, 由前后定语修饰, 是泛指概念, 应用不定冠词, public是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。3. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。分析句子可知, 逗号后为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为campaign, 关系副词where引导从句, 在从句中作地点状语, 符合句意。故填where。4. 【解析】after/afterwards。考查副词。根据句意和前文before可知, 此处应用其对应的副词after或afterwards和before并列作后置定语, 修饰the changes。故填after/afterwards。5. 【解析】
43、was created。考查动词时态及语态。分析句子并根据空格前的主语it可知, 此处是谓语, 动词create和主语之间是被动关系, 故用被动语态(be done), 根据时间状语on Sept 2以及Initially可知, 此处描述过去发生的事情, 用一般过去时, 主语为第三人称单数, 主谓一致, 故填was created。6. 【解析】participants。考查名词。根据空格前of可知, 此处应用participate的名词复数形式participants和viewers并列作介词宾语, 故填participants。7. 【解析】sending。考查非谓语动词。介词includ
44、ing后接宾语, 非谓语动词send和所修饰的名词celebrities之间是主动关系, 故用其现在分词sending作宾语补足语。故填sending。8. 【解析】easily。考查副词。此处修饰动词的过去分词, 应用副词。故填easily。9. 【解析】unimportant。考查形容词的反义词。根据句意及空格前系动词seem可知, 此处应用形容词important的反义词unimportant作表语。故填unimportant。10. 【解析】As。考查方式状语从句。句意: 正像中国一句老话所说, “勿以善小而不为; 勿以恶小而为之。”分析句子以及句意可知, 此处是方式状语从句, 应用连
45、接词as“如, 像”引导。故填As。. 读后续写阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2021南京高二检测)Susan could hear the bus gradually approaching the stop. Crowds of passengers piled off and on. She had arrived there earlier for fear of missing it. All the passengers on the bus watched with great sympathy as Susan made he
46、r way carefully up the steps. She dropped a coin into the slot and then, using her hands to feel the seats, settled herself cautiously in one of them. “Get ready, lady? ” the driver turned to Susan and asked with care. “Yes, sir. Thanks. ” Susan replied in a low voice, happy that someone cared. It h
47、ad been approximately a year since Susan became blind. As the result of a horrible accident, she was suddenly thrown into a world of total darkness. Susans husband Mark watched her sink into hopelessness. He was very upset as well. Anyway, he was determined to get hold of every possible chance to he
48、lp his wife walk out of the shadow and return to normal life. He voluntarily shouldered the chores that used to be done by Susan, going to great lengths to make her happy again. Despite all his efforts, Susan still felt eager to return to her job, but how would she get there? She used to take the bu
49、s, but she was now too frightened to get around the city by herself. Mark volunteered to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she could manage it by herself. For two weeks, Mark accompanied Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other senses, specifically
50、 her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment. 注意: 续写词数应为150左右。At last, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip on her own. _On Friday morning, Susan took the bus to work as usual. _【参考范文】At last, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip on her own
51、. Monday morning arrived. Before leaving, she hugged her husband tightly, and then said good-bye to him. She had butterflies in her stomach. After all, for the first time these years, they would take their separate ways. Fortunately, everything went on perfectly. Susan felt excited that she could ma
52、ke it. Each time she got home, Mark would tell her he was really proud of her amazing progress. On Friday morning, Susan took the bus to work as usual. As she was getting off the bus, the driver said, “Miss, I envy you. ” Curious, Susan asked why. “Every morning for the past week, a gentleman has been standing across the corner, watching you until you enter your office building, ” the bus driver replied. Susan froze for a moment, thrilled beyond words. She was lucky, for Mark had given her a gift more powerful than sight. It is the gift of love that can bring light where there is darkness.
