1、情态动词和虚拟语气20112013课标区高考考点统计考情解读年份数量考点201320122011合计情态动词和虚拟语气在高考中的热点依次是：(1)虚拟语气；(2)推测和可能性；(3)必要性及表示请求、允许、允诺。试题的立意不偏不怪，但是有效信息越来越隐蔽，情景越来越生动、真实，考查角度越来越细微化、综合化。情态动词基本用法35412其他用法1124情态动词have done53311虚拟语气虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气26513名词性从句中的虚拟语气0011其他句型中的虚拟语气3216情态动词的基本用法一、表能力1(2013江西高考)When I was a child, I _ watch TV
2、whenever I wanted to.Ashould BcouldCmust Dneed解析：选B考查情态动词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我什么时候想看电视就可以看。根据题干中的whenever I wanted to可知，此空应填could，表示一般的能力，指想做就能做到。2(2013湖南高考)He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.Awouldnt BshouldntCcouldnt Dmustnt解析：选C考查情态动词。句意：尽管他
3、想睡，但仍睡不着，(因为)当时他拼命想着一个主意，一直到想出来为止他才睡去。此处couldnt表示“不可能”，符合句意。3(2012全国卷)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.Acan BmightCwould Dneed解析：选A考查情态动词。句意：如果我能弄到钱，我就和John一起去欧洲度假。结合前后部分的内容可知，此处表示的是能力。故用can“能，会”。 表示现在的能力：can，am/is/are able to表示将来的能力：will be able to表示过去的能力：coul
4、d表示过去的能力，不表示是否成功地做了；was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh, you are really his big fan.(2011湖南高考)在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。二、表推测1(2013重庆高考)What are you doing this Saturday?Im not sure, but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert.Amust BwouldCshoul
5、d Dmight解析：选D考查情态动词。由答语中的“Im not sure”可知，答话人对自己的安排还不能确定，因此用might，表示“可能，或许”。must表示肯定的推测，意为“必须，一定”；would表示意愿；should表示“应该”。2(2013安徽高考)It _ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.Amay BcouldntCshould Dneednt解析：选B考查情态动词的用法。句意：你难以完成那道练习题不可能是词汇量的原因，因为你
6、掌握了大量的词汇。根据原因状语从句because you know a lot of words可知，主句应该是否定的，A项和C项可排除；neednt表示“不必”，不符合题意。此处表示可能性，故选B。3(2011江西高考)It _be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.Amustnt Bcant Cwont Dneednt解析：选B考查情态动词。句意：门口不可能是邮递员，(现在)才六点钟。 对现在的否定推测，由Its only six oclock.分析可知应用cant(不可能)。mustnt“禁止”， wont“不会”，neednt“不必
7、”，均不合句意。4(2010北京高考)Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah, good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters.Amight BmustCwould Dcan解析：选B考查情态动词。第一句说明和史密斯女士有约定，所以秘书判断一定是。must在此表示推测，意为“一定”，符合语境。肯定句：can表示客观上的可能，有时会；may/might/could表示可能；must表示一定；should/ought to表示应该/按说应该否定句：c
8、ant/couldnt表示不可能；may not/might not表示可能不；shouldnt/oughtnt to表示应该不会疑问句：can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度点津mustnt不表推测，而是表示禁止。It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.(2008福建高考)我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the m
9、eeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？Lets visit Tom together, Stephen.Theres no need to do so. He cant be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.斯蒂芬，咱们一起去拜访汤姆吧。没必要这样做。他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.Oh, sorry.(2009湖南高考)这是
10、办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。噢，对不起。There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。三、表请求、建议、命令、允许、允诺、禁止、义务、责任1(2012上海高考)The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol.Awouldnt BneedntCwont Dmustnt解析：选D句意：
11、新法律声明人们不准酒后驾车。mustnt“不准”，表示禁止。2(2012辽宁高考)One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. Amight BcouldCshall Dwill解析：选C考查情态动词。句意：我们的一条规定是学生在校时都必须要穿校服。shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。3(2010辽宁高考)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exer
12、cise.Acan BwillCmust Dmay解析：选C考查情态动词。句意：医生说，锻炼对于健康很重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。情态动词must表示“必须”，符合语意。4(2010四川高考)_ I take the book out?Im afraid not.AWill BMayCMust DNeed解析：选B考查情态动词。句意：“我能将书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行。”may表示征求对方的许可。5(2009全国卷)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？There_be twelve.Ashould BwouldCwill Dshall解析：
13、选A考查情态动词。句意：你说的是什么意思？只有10张票吗？本来应该有12张票的。情态动词should表示“应该”，符合句意。请求对方允许时用May/Can/Could I/we .?主动提出帮忙或提出建议时用Shall I/we .?提出请求、问题、看法时用Will/Would you .？或Shall he/she/they .?should/ought to表示应该，shouldnt/oughtnt to表示不应该may/can(可以)表示允许、许可must(必须)，mustnt表示禁止shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句，表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁；当宣布法律、规定时也常用shall
14、You mustnt park here! Its an emergency exit.(2010重庆高考)你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急出口。Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.(2011陕西高考)妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。四、表必要性1(2012全国卷)I _ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train come
15、s by my house.Acouldnt BmustntCshouldnt Dneednt解析：选D考查情态动词。句意：我不需要用闹钟叫自己起床，因为每天早上六点都会有一列火车经过我家门口。应选“不需要”，即neednt。2(2011福建高考)Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _， in case he comes late for the meeting.Awill BmustCmay Dcan解析：选B考查情态动词。依据 in case he comes late fo
16、r the meeting 可知，这里用 must 表示“必须”，强调提醒时间安排的变化的“必要性”。You dont have to buy a gift, but you can if you want to.(2010湖南高考)你没必要买一个礼物，但是如果你想的话可以买一个。五、表意愿、决心1(2013新课标全国卷)The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed.Ashouldnt BcouldntCwouldnt Dmightnt解析：选C考查情态动词。句意：无论她怎么努力去推，这扇门就是打不开。情态动词will表示事物的倾向和特性，意为“
17、总是，会”。因后半句用的是一般过去时，因此空处应用will的过去式would。2(2012江苏高考)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was.Amustnt BshouldntCwouldnt Dmightnt解析：选C考查情态动词。句意：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。mustnt意为“禁止”；shouldnt意为“不应该”；wouldnt在此意为“不愿意”；mightnt意为“或许不”。will/would可与各种人称连用，表示主语的意志或决心。will表
18、示意愿时其否定形式wont通常用于有生命体，但有时也用于无生命体，这时把无生命体拟人化了。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.(2011重庆高考)你昨晚为什么没有参加西蒙的聚会？我想去，但是妈妈不愿意让我自己在这么晚的时间出去。I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听
19、。情态动词have done1(2013辽宁高考)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _ too much at the party last night.Acould drink Bshould drinkCwould have drunk Dmust have drunk解析：选D考查情态动词。根据空后面的last night可知，哈利喝酒一事是过去的事情，结合语境可知此处表示对过去的事情的肯定推测，应该用must have done结构。2(2013四川高考)Why are your eyes so red? You _ have slept well l
20、ast night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.Acant BmustntCneednt Dwont解析：选A考查情态动词。句意：“你的眼睛为什么这么红？昨晚你不可能睡好觉。”“是的，我熬夜写一篇报告。”cant have done表示对过去事情的推测，表示“不可能做过某事”。3(2012江西高考)We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay not BneedntCcant Dmustnt 解析：选B考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：我
21、们本来不必买这么多食物的，因为Suzie不与我们一起吃饭。本题要注意后面的now that从句：Suzie不与我们一起吃饭。所以前面是在说我们本没有必要买那么多饭。neednt have done表示某事已经做了，但后来觉得没必要去做，因此常含有责备或遗憾之意，译成汉语通常是“本来不必”。4(2012江苏高考)Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I_ for.Ashould have wished Bmust have wishedCmay have wished Dcould have wished解析：选D考查情态动词。句意：“生日
22、快乐！”“谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。”could have wished意为“可能希望”，符合句意。5(2011全国卷)They _have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. Awill BcanCmust Dshould解析： 选D考查情态动词。 句意： 他们本应该在午饭时间到达，但是他们的航班推迟了。 should have done表示“本应该做某事(实际却未做)”，符合句意。 6(2011江苏高考)I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gav
23、e it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _it. Awill have stolen Bmight have stolenCshould have stolen Dmust have stolen解析：选B考查情态动词。从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性：有人可能把手提包偷走了，因此选择might have stolen。7(2009江苏高考)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_it differently.A
24、could express Bwould expressCcould have expressed Dmust have expressed解析：选C考查情态动词的用法。根据句意可知他觉得本来能够用别的方式表达的(却没有那样做)。显然是对过去的事表示遗憾，因此应该使用could have done，表示本来可以做却未做。情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其否定形式为cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done1.本来能够做但却未做2.可能做过某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事may/migh
25、t have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了neednt have done做了本没有必要做的事情Wang Yaping was the second woman to be sent into space in China.She must have gone through tough training.王亚平成为第二名被送入太空的中国女性。她肯定受过艰苦的训练。Mark neednt have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half
26、 an hour early.(2010天津高考)马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。情态动词的其他常见用法1(2013天津高考)No one _ be more generous; he has a heart of gold.Acould Bmust Cdare Dneed解析：选A考查情态动词。句意：没有人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。could“可能”，用在否定句中表示推测；must“必须”；dare“胆敢，敢于”；need“需要”。根据句意可知应选A。2(2012陕西高考)I _ thank you too much for all your help to
27、 my son while we were away from home.Awont BcantCcan Dwill 解析：选B考查情态动词的用法。句意：当我们不在家时，你对我儿子的帮助，我对你怎样感谢也不过分。cant . too much 表示“怎样也不过分”。3(2012重庆高考)_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.ACan BShouldCMust DWould解析：选C考查情态动词的用法。句意：“你偏要现在打扰我吗？难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗？”“对不起，先生，但是情
28、况太紧急了。”must表示“偏要，硬要”。故选C项。can的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级can的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“再也不为过”must可表示“偏要，硬要”，常用于疑问句或条件状语从句may as well表示“最好；不妨”would可表示过去的习惯，与used to相比，前者常表示过去反复的动作，后者常表示过去的状态或习惯现在已不复存在should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇，意为“竟然会”You cant be too careful while driving.开车时越小心越好。If you think the price of beef is to
29、o high, you may as well buy some pork. It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2011辽宁高考)如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。1(2013南昌三中模拟)Do you think Jack will lend us a hand?He is the last one to help others. He _ lend his hand, though.Acan BmustCshould Dmi
30、ght解析：选D句意：“你认为杰克会帮我们吗？”“他是最不愿帮人的一个人，但也可能他会帮我们。”表示“或许，可能”用may/might，can表示可能性常用于疑问句和否定句。2(2013潍坊市高三二模)Sometimes smiles _ be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.Amust BshouldCcan Dwould解析：选C句意：有时微笑可能是假的，目的是隐藏像愤怒、恐惧或焦虑那样的情感。表示“有时会”用can。3(2013西安市高三二模)John looks a bit upset. Did you te
31、ll him the bad news?Yes, but I _ him after his birthday party.Ashould have told Bmust have toldCshouldnt have told Dneednt have told解析：选A句意：“约翰看起来有点伤心，你把那个坏消息告诉他了吗？”“是的，但我本应该在他生日后告诉他。”表示本应该做某事用should have done。4(2013重庆一中模拟)Who _ be phoning us at this time of night? It might be your sister. Amight Bc
32、anCdare Dmust解析：选B句意：“晚上这个时候谁有可能给我们打电话？”“可能是你的姐姐。”在疑问句中表示可能性用can。5(2013河北衡水中学模拟)Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world.Amustnt BwontCmightnt Dshouldnt解析：选B句意：现在一些年轻人就是不想走出家门与现实世界接轨。表示意愿时应用will。6(2013济南一中模拟)Where _ Mary have put the empty bottles?She _ the
33、m away. They must be somewhere. Acan; cant have thrownBmust; needntCmust; must have thrownDcan; mustnt have thrown解析：选A句意：“玛丽可能把空瓶子放在什么地方了？”“她不可能扔掉，瓶子一定在某个地方。”第一空在疑问句中表示可能性用can；第二空表示“不可能做过某事”用cant have done，注意不能用mustnt表示推测。虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的应用1(2013北京高考)If we _ a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here
34、 in a queue.Ahave booked BbookedCbook Dhad booked解析：选D考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌，(现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时。2(2013天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now.Awill be Bwould beChas been Dwould have been解析：选B考
35、查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得更好。此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气，根据语境和时间状语可知，从句是对过去情况的虚拟，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故选B。3(2012安徽高考)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.Alives Bwould liveChas lived Dwere to live解析：选D考查虚拟语气。句意：Grace不想搬到纽约，因
36、为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。主句“Grace doesnt want to move to New York”说明Grace尚未搬到纽约，故此处表示的是对将来的虚拟，if引导的虚拟条件从句中可使用过去式或should动词原形或were to动词原形，D项当选。 4(2012浙江高考)Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts.Amay have Bcould haveCmust have had Dmight have had解析：选D根据“Had they known .”可知，此处是省略了i
37、f的条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以主句用should/would/could/mighthave done结构，故D项正确。类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might动词原形should动词原形were to动词原形if省略句如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主
38、语之前形成倒装，若为否定形式，not不可提前。混合条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。含蓄条件句有时假设的情况不用条件从句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示条件。用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”。I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious.(2013江苏高考)如果我当时认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。I would
39、have come sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.(2011天津高考)我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.(2010浙江高考)如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节省大量的时间和精力。This printer is of good quality. If it should break down within the first
40、 year, we would repair it at our expense.(2009天津高考)这台打印机质量很好，如果第一年出现问题，我们免费为您维修。虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1(2013浙江高考)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.Awas BbeCwere Dis解析：选B考查虚拟语气。此处考查的是recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，根据语法规则可知，从句中谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故选B项。2(2011北
41、京高考)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they_always late.Awerent Bhadnt beenCwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been解析：选A考查虚拟语气。根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪里？” 可知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，故答案为A。1wish后面宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句用would动词原形I wish (that) I were
42、a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。2表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句和同位语从句中常用“(should)动词原形”结构。点津当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”；suggest表示“暗示，表明”时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once.这个年轻人坚持认为他没有做错，应该马上被释放。The girls pale face suggested that she
43、 was ill and I suggested that she go to see the doctor at once. 这个女孩苍白的脸色表明她病了，我建议她马上去看医生。Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010福建高考)老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用1(2012辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _
44、 something instead of just talking. Awill do Bhas doneCdo Ddid 解析：选D考查动词时态。在句型 “Its high time that .”中， 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should do，所以选D项。2(2012北京高考)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dhad been解析：选B考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的一样来拿。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟
45、，所以用一般过去时were。3(2010江苏高考)George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture.Afocus BfocusedCwould focus Dhad focused解析：选B考查虚拟语气。would rather后的从句中谓语动词用过去式表示对现在或将来事实的虚拟。1would rather所接从句时，表示与现在或将来事实相反时从句用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时。My brother spends most of
46、 time on computer games. Id rather he devoted himself to his study.我弟弟的大部分时间都用在玩电脑游戏了，我宁愿他全身心投入到学习中。2Its (high/about) time (that) .句型中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should动词原形(其中should不可省略)，句意为“确实到了的时候了”。Its high time that measures should be taken to prevent air pollution.是时候采取措施防止空气污染了。3虚拟语气在as if引导的状语从句中的应用表示与现在事
47、实相反用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。4虚拟语气在if only感叹句中的应用if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对现在虚拟)或过去完成时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟)，表示强烈的愿望。Its really a good chance. If only I could go there!真是个好机会。我能去那儿该多好啊！Look at the trouble we are in. If only
48、 we had taken our teachers advice!看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该有多好！1(2013陕西师大附中模拟)If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now.Ais not pollutedBwould not be pollutedChad not been pollutedDwould not have been polluted解析：选B句意：如果我们早采取有力措施，现在河水就不会污染这么严重。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，
49、用would加动词原形。2(2013天津南开中学高三二模) _ it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.AWere BShouldCWould DWill解析：选B句意：如果明天下雨，我们应该推迟参观杨浦桥。从句表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，用一般过去时、should加动词原形或were to加动词原形，且should或were可以提前。3(2013成都七中考前模拟)We were stuck on the way to the scenic spot, otherwise we _
50、lots of fun there.Ahad had Bhave hadCcould have had Dcould have解析：选C句意：我们在去景点的路上堵车了，否则的话，我们就会在那里玩得很愉快。本题为含蓄条件句，otherwise前面相当于表示与过去事实相反的从句，后面相当于与过去事实相反的主句，故用could have done。4(2013辽宁师范大学附中模拟)Fortunately it happened at night. If the hurricane _ during the daytime, there _ more deaths. Ahad happened; wo
51、uld have beenBhappened; would beChad happened; would beDhappened; would have been解析：选A句意：幸运的是，飓风发生在夜晚，如果发生在白天，将会造成更多人的死亡。此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have done。5(2013哈师大附中高三二模)If only I _ more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!Awould have BhadChad had Dhave解析：选C句意：我要是在上周的英语演讲比赛中再自信些该有多好！if only相当于wish，表示与过去事实相反时用过去完成时。6(2013广西桂林中学高三二模)Can you come to attend our party tonight?Sorry, but I do wish I _.Ahad BcanCwill Dcould解析：选D句意：“你今晚能参加我们的宴会吗？”“抱歉，但是我多么希望能去。”wish后表示与将来相反的虚拟语气，用could/would等动词原形。
