1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家【2014考纲解读】介词和介词短语也是高考的一个必考点，每年都保持在一至两个题目，命题形式除了单项填空外还在完形填空、语法填空、短文改错中进行考查，其考点主要涉及常用介词的用法区别，介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配，介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。掌握介词必须要立足基本用法，广泛记忆，细心体会比较。其考点主要包括：1考查常用介词和介词短语的基本用法。从历年全国及各省市高考题中可看出，介词类考题常集中于一些常用介词，如at，in，for，from，to，of，on，with，until，about，by，since，as，around等。2考查常用介
2、词或介词短语含义和用法的辨识能力。尤其是在一定的语言环境中，辨析意义相同或相近以及使用范围不同的介词或介词短语。3考查介词与某些名词、形容词或动词的各种搭配形式。特别是那些搭配繁多、用法灵活的介词，不同的搭配可用来表示种种不同的意义。2014年对介词和介词短语辨析的考查依然是考试的重点。【重点知识梳理】一、表示时间的介词at 3：20，at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。(4)over后面接一段时间，表示“超过”或“在期间”。如：David Crum, the CEO of Geldart Software, a
3、nnounced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.(5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等词之前一律不用介词。如：He went to Japan last year.We meet every day.如：We have not seen each other since 2010.(3)for后接一段时间，通常与完成时连用。如：I have been in the army for 5 years.二、表示地点方位的介词
4、1at，in，on，to(1)at表示在小地方或“在附近；在旁边”。如：He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.(2)in表示在大地方或“在范围之内”。如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Shandong lies in the east of China.(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如：Russia lies on the north of China.(4)to表示“在范围外”，不强调是否接壤。如：Japan is to the east of China.The bird is
5、flying above my head.(2)over意为“在之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：There is a bridge over the river.(3)on意为“在之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：He put his watch on the desk.三、表示运动方向的介词1across，over，through(1)across表示从物体表面穿过，与on有关。如：across the playground/square/desert/river(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如：He jumped ove
6、r the wall.(3)through表示从物体里面穿过，与in有关。也可表示时间，指“(从开始到结束)经历了”。如：through the pipe/forest/doorWe work hard all through the year.2at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到而”。如：He was surprised at the news.3from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：He died from the wound.4of多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：The old man die
7、d of hunger.5with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.He was shaking with anger.6by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：She took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。【变式探究】How about your trip to Italy?Oh, _ the fine weather, we enjoyed ourselves indeed.Abut for Bthanks toCin spite of Dbecaus
8、e of五、表示计量的介词1at表示“以速度；以价格”。如：It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.I sold my car at a high price.2for表示“用交换；以为代价”。如：He sold his car for 500 dollars.注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。3by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。如：They paid him by the month.注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。4on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。如：They talked on the telephone.She learns Eng
9、lish on the radio/on TV.例4、The form is very important. Please fill in the form _ ink not _ a pencil, Jack.Ain; by Bwith; inCin; with Dby; in七、表示“在之间”的介词1between表示在两者之间。如：八、表示“除了”的介词1besides表示“除之外，还有”。如：We all went to see the film besides you.除你之外我们也都去看电影了。2except表示“除外，把除去”。如：We all went to see the f
10、ilm except you.除你之外我们都去看电影了。3but与except同义，但多用于不定代词no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.4except for表示“如无就，只是”，多表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.5except that表示“除外，把除去”，后面接句子。如：I know nothing
11、 about him except that he is from Beijing.6apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：Apart from/Besides English，he has a good command of Russian and French.九、介词与某些词类的习惯搭配高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组：如on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根据某人的看法；on t
12、ime准时；out of reach够不着2动词词组：如remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的；result from由引起；call at访问(某地)3形容词词组：如be curious about对好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的欢迎4介词短语：如apart from除之外；in addition to除之外 (还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备，万一；thanks to由于；in the
13、middle of在中间according to根据；in front of在前面；in return for作为对的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为的结果；in exchange for与交换等。【高频考点突破】考点一、考查介词辨析例1（2013新课标全国卷）It was a real race _ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.A. over BbyCfor Dagainst【变式探究】（2013福建卷）Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear up the m
14、ess, as her children are always _ whenever she tries to. A. in the way Bon watch C. in sight Don the line 【变式探究】（2013江苏卷）I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. _ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend. AOn account of BIn response to CIn view of DWith regard to 考点三、考查介词或
15、介词短语的用法例3、What do you mean _ saying “the boy is overgrowing”？I mean that he is tall _ his age. A. about; with Bas to; for Cby; for Dby; to 【变式探究】I received a call one morning from a lady, but she phoned_， as she kept asking to speak to someone else who I didnt know at all. Aby accident Bby mistake C
16、by chance Dby force 【经典考题精析】（2013北京卷)26. I have an appointment Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.A. toB. offC. withD. from（2013福建卷)29.Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always _ whenever she tries to.A. in the way B. on watchC. in sightD. on the line（2013湖北卷)30. An a
17、rtist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase.A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion（2013江苏卷)26. I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. _ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.A. On account
18、of B. In response to C. In view ofD. With regard to（2013山东卷)34. The Smiths are praised _ the way they bring up their children. A. from B. by C. at D. for （2013辽宁卷)25. everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your journey.A.By means of B.On behalf of C.In search of D.For fear of （2013安徽卷)2
19、2. Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library a book about it.A. on B. at C. for D. to【2012福建卷】26.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _all its citizens.A. in charge ofB. for the purpose of C. in honor ofD. for the benefit of【2012福建卷】33. Nothing is so
20、easy asparents raise their expectations of their children too high.A. ofB. to C. by D. for【2012安徽卷】25. You can chang your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life. A. of B. on C. to D. For【2012全国II】16. 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.A. for B. at C. on D. of（2011山东卷
21、30Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.A. beyond B. with C. among D. over（2011安徽卷 25Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problem.A. in B. to C. on D. after（2011全国卷II 14This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at（2011四川卷 8Nick, its good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there. A. in B. for C. of D. on（2011天津卷 11He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.A. below B. of C. on D. above- 14 - 版权所有高考资源网
