1、Unit 15 Learning 单词注释 难句剖析 导读诱思 动物是人类的良师益友。人类从动物身上受到启发发明了很多东西,如从蝙蝠的耳朵上发明了雷达,从青蛙的眼睛上发明了电子蛙眼,从鲸的外形上发明了轮船;同时,动物对我们的生活也很有启发,如从蚂蚁的群居生活懂得了协同分工的团队精神,从蚂蚁的失败意识到决不放弃 Life Lessons from Tiny Ants 单词注释 难句剖析 导读诱思 When I was 7 years old,with my mums help,I built an ant farm.First,we put clean sand in a glass box,a
2、nd then we waited for the live ants to arrive.Shortly,after a number of ants were dropped into the glass structure,they got down to making tunnels.I was amazed that each one knew exactly what to do.After hours of staring,I realised that the ants had assigned1 jobs.I also kept a diary of what happene
3、d each day and named the ants.单词注释 难句剖析 导读诱思 One day a tragedy struck the ant farm.The pages of the diary,stillwrinkled2 where tear drops fell,indicate the depth of the tragedy.I had put my face so close to the glass structure that I accidentally tipped it over,and all the tunnels collapsed3.Althoug
4、h the ants survived the earthquake,one by one they began to die.I was terrified as I watched them give up their tunnel-building to carry the dead bodies to a corner of the farm.My mother said that the ants were dying of“frustration4”.They simply could not stand the reality that their tunnels had bee
5、n destroyed.单词注释 难句剖析 导读诱思 Although much time has passed,I still think of that ant farm.Mumhad hoped it would teach me about the natural world,but it taught me much more.Over the years,I came to realise the ants were a study in the benefits of teamwork.Working together,they were able to create an am
6、azing world for themselves.I also learned that they should be admired for their hard work.Day in and day out,each laboured at their task.The ant farm showed that teamwork and perseverance were indeed two key factors to success.However,there is an even larger lesson that I did not realise until recen
7、tly:adversity5 is a natural part of life,and must be accepted.Unlike the ants,humans cant give up when they face disappointment.Unlike the ants,we have to realise that if a tunnel collapses,we just have to build another.Giving up,I say,is not a choice.单词注释 难句剖析 导读诱思 1.assigned/saInd/adj.已分配的 2.wrink
8、led/rIkld/adj.有褶皱的 3.collapse/klps/v.坍塌 4.frustration/frstreIn/n.挫折 5.adversity/dvsti/n.不幸;灾难 难句剖析 导读诱思 单词注释 1.The pages of the diary,still wrinkled where tear drops fell,indicatethe depth of the tragedy.译文:日记的那几页,被眼泪打湿的地方,至今仍皱巴巴的,可见那场悲剧有多惨重。剖析:“still wrinkled where.fell”为定语,相当于“which were stillwrin
9、kled where.fell”,其中“where tear drops fell”作状语;主句为“The pages of the diary indicate the depth of the tragedy.”。难句剖析 导读诱思 单词注释 2.Unlike the ants,we have to realise that if a tunnel collapses,we justhave to build another.译文:与蚂蚁不同的是,我们必须认识到,如果隧道坍塌,我们必须构建另一个。剖析:主句为“we have to realise”,其后跟that引导的宾语从句,且该从句中
10、又包含一个if条件句,可调整为“.we have to realise that wejust have to build another if a tunnel collapses”。难句剖析 导读诱思 单词注释 What did the author realise from the ants and their life?答案:The author first realised that teamwork and perseverance were two key factors to success.He also realised that one should not give u
11、p when facing adversity.Warm-up&Lesson 1 Life-long Learning 一 二 三 四 五 六 一、At the era of knowledge-driven economy,we can getknowledge and information from schools.How to keep pace withtime change?Please talk about your favourite ways to gain knowledge andinformation.答案:略 一 二 三 四 五 六 二、从课文中找出与下列英文释义相对
12、应的单词 1.a skill,personal quality,or type of experience that makes someone suitable for a particular job or position 2.of a situation that you can depend on because it is not likely to change 3.to think that something is probably true,especially something bad,but without having definite proof 4.a situ
13、ation at a particular time,especially in an argument,discussion,etc.5.highest in rank 6.a well-known short statement expressing an idea that most people believe is true and wise qualification secure suspect status chief saying 一 二 三 四 五 六 7.the money charged for sending a letter,package,etc.by post
14、8.someone or something that uses sth.9.to officially tell someone what to do 10.to put someone who has died in a grave postage user instruct bury 一 二 三 四 五 六 三、从课文中找出下列短语并翻译 1.be about to 2.lay off 3.go blank 4.swell with 5.set up 6.go up 7.aside from 8.switch off 将;将要裁员;解雇变得一片空白充满创建,建立上升除了关闭一 二 三 四
15、 五 六 四、快速阅读课文The Importance of Life-long Learning,完成下列各题 1.Which of the following is NOT true about Sun Wen according to the passage?A.She went to Qinghua University right after graduation from high school.B.She is still working now.C.She took her courses in the evenings and on weekends.D.She hasnt
16、got a Bachelors Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning yet.答案:A 一 二 三 四 五 六 2.Why was Ms Tang laid off?A.Because she was too old.B.Because she hadnt worked hard enough.C.Because she had done something wrong.D.For some reason we dont know.3.What would Ms Tang mostly probably do next?A.To
17、 further her study.B.To go back to the company she used to work for.C.To set up her own business.D.To work as a full-time housewife.答案:D 答案:C 一 二 三 四 五 六 4.What made Grandpa Chen learn about the Internet?A.The fees for sending airmails were too high.B.Surfing the Internet was exciting and interestin
18、g.C.His grandson offered to instruct him on how to email and use the Internet.D.He didnt want to switch off his brain.5.The three stories in the passage tell us A.“All roads lead to Rome.”B.“Its never too late to learn.”C.“Failure is the mother of success.”D.“Everyone has his merits.”答案:A 答案:B 一 二 三
19、 四 五 六 五、从The Importance of Life-long Learning一文中找出下列句子并翻译,注意观察句中主从句的谓语动词的形式 1.In the past,if someone like me had failed to get into university through the college exam,he would have had no chance of getting a degree.2.In the past,if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years,they would have
20、 stayed there until retirement!答案:在过去,如果有人像我一样没能通过大学入学考试进入大学,他就没有机会获得学位。答案:在过去,如果有人为一家公司工作了20多年,他们就会一直在那儿工作到退休!一 二 三 四 五 六 3.In the past,if Id wanted to see them,I would have had to visit them in person.答案:在过去,如果我想见他们,我就得亲自去看他们。一 二 三 四 五 六 六、阅读课文The Importance of Life-long Learning,然后在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词
21、。每空只填写一个单词 Title The Importance of Life-long Learning Introduction More and more people of different ages and backgrounds are continuing to improve themselves by 1.Sun Wen*He decided to give himself a second chance to study for a 2.*He is studying Computer Engineering by 3.learning.*Hell soon gradua
22、te and get the 4.at work.studying/learning degree distance promotion 一 二 三 四 五 六 Title The Importance of Life-long Learning Ms Tang*She got bored with a full-time housewife after she was 5.off.*She decided to take a business course,6.of starting her own company.*She has nearly completed the course a
23、nd found it 7.to take the course.Grandpa Chen*8.by his grandson,he is learning how to 9.to his daughter in the US.*He finds it great 10.to send emails,see and talk to his grandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.laid dreaminghelpful Instructed email fun 1234561.Because of my new qualification,Im getting
24、 promoted at work.由于我的新学历,我在工作中将得到晋升。考点qualification n.资格,资历 Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification for this job.教学经验是担任这项工作的必备条件。123456(1)qualification n.学历 He left school with no formal qualifications.他没有获得正式学历就离校了。(2)qualify v.证明合格,(使)具有资格 qualified adj.合格的 To qualify for Olymp
25、ic status,a sport must be played in at least 50countries and on three continents.一个体育项目要在奥运会上赢得一席之地,必须至少在50个国家和三个大洲开展。The guides are qualified to lead groups into the mountains.那些导游有资格率团进入大山。123456活学活用 完成句子(1)She has to be a good teacher.她具备好老师的一切必要资格。(2)Jack has obtained .杰克取得了行医资格证书。all the right
26、qualifications a medical qualification 1234562.Three months ago,when my manager told me that I would belaid off,my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger.三个月前,当我的经理告诉我,我将要下岗了,我的脑子木了,心中充满愤怒。剖析when引导时间状语从句,其中that引导宾语从句,作“told”的直接宾语;主句为and连接的并列句,前一个分句的谓语动词“went”用作系动词。考点一lay off 裁员;解雇;停止 Too ma
27、ny companies laid off a lot of their workers.许多公司解雇了很多员工。Why dont you lay off smoking for a while until your cough gets better?在你的咳嗽好一些之前,你能不能先不要吸烟?123456与lay相关的短语 lay aside 把放在一边 lay sth out 铺开,展开;布置,设计 lay the blame on.归咎于 lay down放下;辞(职),放弃 123456考点二blank adj.空白的;茫然的 His mind went completely blan
28、k and forgot what he was supposed to be doing.他的脑子一片空白,连本来要做什么都想不起来了。Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.史蒂夫看上去一脸茫然,说不知道我在说什么。考点三swell with 充满(某种强烈的情感)Dont swell with pride when you make some achievements.不要有了一些成就就沾沾自喜。His heart swelled with a sense of pride as he kne
29、w his daughter got the first prize.当他知道女儿得了一等奖时,他心里充满了自豪感。123456(1)swell用作动词,表示“肿胀,膨胀”。Tom had a fall and his left leg began to swell up.汤姆跌了一跤,他的左腿开始肿起来。Wood often swells when wet.木材潮湿后往往会膨胀。(2)swell用作动词时,还可表示“(使)增加,扩大”。Membership has swelled to over 20,000.成员增加到2万余人。123456活学活用 完成句子(1)They did not
30、sell a single car for a month and had to .一个月没卖一辆车,所以他们只好解雇一些工人。(2)When I was asked the question,my mind ,and I could hardly remember my own date of birth.当问到我这个问题时,我脑子一片空白,几乎记不起我自己的出生日期了。(3)He told his son even though he had won the first place.他告诉儿子即使他获得第一名也不要傲气凌人。lay off some workers went blank n
31、ot to swell with pride 1234563.I suspect that they laid me off because the company was notdoing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and mademe want to cry.我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营不那么好了,但这仍然使我如鲠在喉,有种想哭的感觉。剖析 这是由but连接的并列复合句。在前一分句中,“suspect”后接that引导的宾语从句,because引导原因状语从句;第二个that用作程度副词,相当于so或very。S
32、hes too young to walk that far.她太小了,走不了那么远。123456考点suspect v.怀疑【高考典句】(2015四川高考)Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板).很多科学家怀疑工人们起初是想把石块放在滑板上。What she said sounded convincing,but I suspected it to be a lie.她的话听起来很可信,但我怀疑那是谎话。The police suspected that he had some
33、connection with the robbery.警方怀疑他与那起抢劫案有关。归纳:suspect后可接宾语的复合结构,其宾语后用动词不定式作宾语补足语;后面还常接that引导的从句作宾语。123456(1)常用结构:suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人做了某事 Some people suspected him of theft.有些人怀疑他偷窃。The police suspected him of having a part in the jewel robbery.警察怀疑他参与了珠宝盗窃案。(2)suspect用作名词,意为“可疑分子”。The police
34、 have arrested a suspect with a video.借助视频,警方逮捕了一名可疑分子。123456(3)辨析:suspect和doubt The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu.医生怀疑他得了流感。I never doubted that he would come.我从未怀疑过他会来。归纳 suspect的含义是“怀疑是或做了某事”,跟从句时表示怀疑存在从句所述情况;doubt的含义是“怀疑不是或没做某事”,跟从句时表示不相信从句所述情况。123456活学活用 语法填空(1)After having gone far
35、,George did not want to turnback.(2)Sometimes the police are not absolutely sure that someone hascommitted a crime,but suspect him having done it.完成句子(3)The police having taken the money.警察怀疑钱是他偷的。(4)the truth of the information?你为什么怀疑这消息的真实性?that/so of suspected him of Why do you suspect 1234564.I
36、got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use theInternet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages getsent and answered.我让我外孙教我如何发电子邮件和使用互联网,我确实喜欢那种发送信息和收到答复的速度。剖析 不定式短语“to instruct.Internet”作“got”的宾语补足语,“how to email.Internet”作介词on的宾语;at which引导定语从句,修饰先行词“speed”,定语从句的谓语为“get+过去分词”
37、形式的被动语态。句中第一个get(got)用作使役动词,后接不定式作宾语补足语;第二个get用于构成被动语态。You should get your friends to help you.你应该请朋友帮助你。I shall soon get the machine working.我很快就会让机器运转起来。123456I cant find anybody to get the work done.我找不到人来干这项工作。考点instruct v.教导,指导 Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.教导孩子道路
38、安全的知识需要付出更多的努力。Has anyone instructed you how to use the computer?有人教过你如何使用电脑吗?归纳:instruct后接表示人的名词或代词作宾语,instruct sb.后常接介词in,也可直接接“how to do sth.”,表示“教某人如何做某事”。123456(1)instruct还可表示“指示,吩咐,命令”。You will be instructed what to do when the plane is ready.飞机准备就绪后,将会有人告诉你做什么。They havent instructed us where
39、to go.他们还未指示我们到何处去。(2)派生词:instruction n.教授;指示,命令;用法说明 This group of trainees is still under instruction.这群受训者还在接受指导。Mrs Edward gave instructions that she was not to be disturbed.爱德华太太指示说不要打扰她。Are there any instructions on how to operate the machine?有如何操作这台机器的说明吗?123456活学活用 语法填空(1)My car has broken d
40、own.Would you help me to get it (start)?(2)Alexander tried to get his work (recognise)in themedical circles.(3)A computer can only do what you have (instruct)it to do.句子翻译(4)使用前务必阅读操作说明。(5)他命令在城四周构筑一道城墙。started recognisedinstructed 答案:Always read the instructions before you start.答案:He instructed th
41、at a wall should be built around the city.1234565.So many people think that after you retire,all you can do isswitch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.很多人认为退休后你能做的就是封闭大脑、忘却所有所学的东西。剖析“think”后接that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句中,after 引导时间状语从句,“you can do”是省略关系代词that的定语从句,修饰先行词all;省略to的不定式短语“switch o
42、ff your brain”和“bury everything.”作并列表语,其中“youve ever learnt”是省略关系代词的定语从句,修饰“everything”。123456考点一(复习)switch off 关闭,关掉 Be sure to switch off all the lights and fans when you leave the classroom.离开教室时务必把所有灯和电扇都关掉。Teenagers who switch off the TV and sit down to family meals are less likely to suffer fr
43、om eating disorders.关上电视并坐下来和家人共餐的青少年比较不容易饮食失调。123456考点二bury vt.埋葬 Mumbets tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.Mumbet的墓碑仍然矗立在她被埋葬的马萨诸塞州墓地。Many great Englishmen are buried in Westminster Abbey.许多伟大的英国人被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂。Fossils are early plants or animals once buried in
44、 earth,now hardened like rock.化石是过去埋在地下,现在已像岩石一样硬化了的植物或动物。归纳:bury是及物动词,其宾语常为已故的人或其他被埋葬的人或物,表达“某人埋在某地”时要用被动语态,这与汉语的表达习惯有所不同。123456阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的搭配及意义 He was buried in reading a book when I came in.我进来时他正专心看书。搭配:be buried in 意义:专心于(做某事)Some people bury themselves in their work when they are upset.一些人在难
45、受的时候会埋头于工作。搭配:bury oneself in 意义:专心致志于(某事)123456活学活用 语法填空 (1)She worked as a librarian before switching journalism.(2)Please switch all the equipment before you leave.(3)When a tape is put in the VCR,it switches automatically.句子翻译(4)每天晚上他都埋头读书。(5)他的祖父和祖母葬在一起。(6)当我进入她房间时,她正陷入沉思。to off on 答案:In the ev
46、enings he buries himself in his books.答案:His grandfather was buried with his grandmother.答案:When I came into her room,she was buried in thought.1234566.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 虚拟语气是一种特殊的形式,表示说话人主观上所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、空想、猜测和可能性等。由于虚拟语气表达的是一种与事实相反的情况,其谓语动词的形式不同于陈述语气。虚拟条件句(即非真实条件句)表示不大可能或不可能发生或实现的假设,句中的
47、条件从句与结果主句皆需用虚拟语气。123456考点与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 If I had followed your advice,I would have passed the exam.如果当时听从了你的建议,我就已经通过考试了。If it had not been for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work on time.要不是有了你的帮助,我不会按时完成工作。We should have had more time to study it if information had beencollected one week ear
48、lier.假如早一个星期收集资料,我们就有更多的时间研究了。If our country hadnt made adequate preparations,the Beijing Olympics wouldnt have been so successful.如果我们国家没做充分的准备,北京奥运会是不会这么成功的。123456归纳:用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反的情况时,条件从句的谓语用“had+过去分词”,主句的谓语用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。123456(1)表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气 If he had time,he would cer
49、tainly come to help you.如果有时间,他一定会来帮你。If it werent for your help,we would be still in trouble.要不是有你们的帮助,我们现在还处于困境之中。If I were you,I would not give up the opportunity.如果我是你,我不会放弃这个机会的。What would you do if you were a millionaire?如果你是百万富翁,你会做什么?归纳:用虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反时,条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),主句的谓语用“woul
50、d/should/could/might+动词原形”。123456(2)表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow,I wouldnt goshopping with you.如果明天下雨,我就不和你去购物了。If your parents knew your rude behaviour,they would be angry.要是你父母知道了你的粗鲁行为,他们会生气的。I wouldnt give up if I should fail once more.如果我再次失败了,我也不会放弃的。归纳:用虚拟语气表示
51、与将来的事实相反时,条件从句的谓语用动词过去式(be的过去式用were),were to或“should+动词原形”,主句谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。123456(3)were,had或should等置于句首的虚拟条件句 在书面语中,条件从句可以不用连词if,而将谓语中的were,had或 should 等移至主语之前。Were we to leave today,we would get there tomorrow.如果我们今天动身,明天就能赶到那儿。Should he be here,he would be able to examine the
52、 machine.如果他在这儿,他就能检验这台机器了。123456活学活用 语法填空(1)(2018北京高考改编)They might have found a better hotel if they (drive)a few more kilometers.(2)(2018江苏高考改编)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I (have)a second chance to become more involved.(3)(2018天津高考改编)If we (catch)the flight yesterday,we
53、would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.(4)I (go)to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.had driven had had caught would have gone 123456(5)We (face)the difficulty together,butwhy didnt you tell me?(6)If he (follow)my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.(7)John went to
54、 the hospital alone.If he (tell)me about it,I would have gone with him.could have faced had followed had told 123456完成句子(8)If he ,he might be able to help.如果他在这里,他也许能帮忙。(9)How nice it if you could stay a bit longer!你要是能多待一会儿多好!(10)If it /tomorrow,they would not go out.如果明天下雪,他们就不出去了。were here would be were to snow should snow
