1、课时作业8 核心词汇讲练集锦训练（八）第一部分 单句语法填空（核心词汇专练）第二部分 阅读理解第三部分 阅读理解七选五（2019北京卷）课时作业8 核心词汇讲练集锦训练（八）第一部分 单句语法填空（核心词汇专练）1.2020年全国卷He bought a book and was （surprise）to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same garden as his fathers painting.surprised解析考查形容词。句意：他买了一本书,非常吃惊地发
2、现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画,他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里,一样的椅子上。2.2020全国卷改编Much as I wanted to photograph the approaching bear,my （survive）instinct overtook my desire to capture the perfect photo.survival解析句意：尽管我非常想给走向前来的熊拍照,但是我的求生本能战胜了我给熊拍照的欲望。3.2019全国卷改编The small town of Rjukan in Norway is （situate）between seve
3、ral mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-Marchnearly six months out of the year.situated解析考查词性转换。be situated on/in/at“位于;坐落在”。挪威小镇Rjukan坐落于数座山脉之间,自9月下旬至3月中旬长达6个月的时间阳光不能直射到这座小镇。4.2018北京卷改编After （spot）a wallet on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down,
4、he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the owner to return.spotting解析考查介词+动词-ing。句意：他发现一个钱包在一辆窗户没关,停着的车的前座上后,就在雨中看守了约两个小时,等着车主回来。5.2018天津卷改编Now we live in a world surrounded the“cant do”attitudes.by解析考查be surrounded by结构。句意：现在,我们生活在“无能为力”的世界中。6.2018天津卷改编Why do the hikers take no
5、notice of the （surround）during the journey?surroundings解析考查词性转换。由设空前的定冠词the可知应使用名词形式,故填surroundings。句意：为什么徒步旅行者在旅行途中不会注意到周围环境呢？7.2018浙江卷改编Second,take the overall appearance of the neighborhood （serious）.seriously解析考查固定搭配。take sth.seriously“认真地对待”。句意：第二,你要认真对待社区的整体面貌。8.2018浙江卷改编By choosing to keep th
6、e outside of the home great shape,you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.in解析考查固定搭配。keepin shape“保持不变形”。句意：通过选择使房子不变形的方式,与将会提升这个社区的外观与感受。9.2018浙江11月高考改编I had a student today who got his finger （stick）inside a test tube in science class.stuck解析考查get sth done结构。句意：在今天的科学课上,我的一位学生的手被卡在了
7、试管内部。第二部分 阅读理解 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A 2019全国卷,C Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America,usually 8 to 10 a year.Today 8 or 10 seems a small amount of money,but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens.Accordingly,newspapers were
8、 read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades.In addition,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.They were dull and visually forbidding.But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend,then,was toward the“penny paper”
9、a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.It meant any inexpensive newspaper;perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight.It had been possible（but not easy）to buy single copies of n
10、ewspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy.Street sales were almost unknown.However,within a few years,street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities.At first the price of single copies was seldom a pennyusually
11、 two or three cents was chargedand some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents.But the phrase“penny paper”caught the publics fancy,and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for“the man on the street”did not begin well.Some of
12、the early ventures（企业）were immediate failures.Publishers already in business,people who were owners of successful papers,had little desire to change the tradition.It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了19世纪30年代“便士报”的兴起及美国报纸大众化的发展过程。1.Which of the fol
13、lowing best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?()A.Academic.B.Unattractive.C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In addition,most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.They were dull and visually forbidding.”可知,在19世纪30年代前,大多数报纸对广大读者缺乏吸引力。故选B项。B2.Wha
14、t did street sales mean to newspapers?()A.They would be priced higher.B.They would disappear from cities.C.They could have more readers.D.They could regain public trust.C解析推理判断题。根据第二段首句“The trend,then,was toward the penny papera term referring to papers made widely available to the public.”以及第三段中的“H
15、owever,within a few years,street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities.”可知,“便士报”指的是公众可广泛购得的报纸,“便士报”有更多的读者,而正是街头销售使其变得随处可见。故选C项。3.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?()A.Local politicians.B.Common people.C.Young publishers.D.Rich businessmen.B解析细节理解题。最后一段首句“This
16、new trend of newspapers for the man on the street did not begin well.”中的“the man on the street”指“普通人”。故选B项。4.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?()A.It was a difficult process.B.It was a temporary success.C.It was a robbery of the poor.D.It was a disaster for printers.A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的
17、“This development did not take place overnight.”及最后一段的“This new trend of newspapers for the man on the street did not begin well.”可知,“便士报”的发展变化绝非发生在一夜之间,而是经历了一个艰难的过程。故选A项。B 2019北京卷,C The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know.B
18、y next year,half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）.We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately,its too little,too late.By the time these“solutions”（解决
19、方案）become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future,its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.Thats because there are a number of powerful voice
20、manipulation（处理）and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.At this years I/O Conference,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation witho
21、ut detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your moth
22、ers name,and far more.Armed with this knowledge,theyre able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.This means,for example,that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank tellers,tricking you
23、into“confirming”your address,mothers name,and card number.Scammers follow money,so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with
24、 the insec ure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images,showing when and who they were made by,or abandoning phone calls altog
25、ether and moving towards data-based communicationsusing apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp,which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose,and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了随着科技的发展,诈骗者利用数据侵入和声音处理等高科技手段进行精准诈骗,旨在让人们意识到新兴科技成果对人们生
26、活的影响有好有坏。5.How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?()A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.D解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“By the time these solutions（解决方案）become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知,作者认为等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时,诈骗者就会转向更聪明的手段;由此可推
27、知作者对自动语音电话问题的解决方案感到很失望,D项意为“失望的”,故D项正确。6.Taking advantage of the new technologies,scammers can .A.aim at victims precisely B.damage databases easilyC.start campaigns rapidly D.spread information widelyA解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision
28、.”可知,自动语音电话让人头疼的原因是诈骗者能准确获取极其私人的信息,故A项正确。7.What does the passage imply?()A.Honesty is the best policy.B.Technologies can be double-edged.C.There are more solutions than problems.D.Credibility holds the key to development.B解析推理判断题。根据第二段可知,新的声音处理和自动化技术可以给人们带来便利;第三段论述了这一技术让诈骗者有了可乘之机,据此可以判断,科技是把双刃剑,故B项正
29、确。8.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?()A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted B.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of RobocallsC.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous D.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of TechnologyC解析标题归纳题。阅读全文可知,首段提出越来越多的人拒接未知号码的电话的现象,接下
30、来又阐述了这类电话给人们带来危害的原因,最后给出了解决方案,故C项最适合作本文标题。第三部分 阅读理解七选五（2019北京卷）阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Much of the work in todays world is accomplished（完成）in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.1 Companies spend million
31、s hiring top business people.Is their money well spent？2 They focused on football,basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football and basketball,adding talented players to a team proves a good method,but only up to the point where 70%of the players are top talent;above that level,the team
32、s performance begins to decline.Interestingly,this trend isnt evident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon,the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate（协调）their
33、actions.3 In baseball,the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high,team performance will suffer when there is too much talent,while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence
34、is lower.If a basketball star is,for example,trying to gain a high personal point total,he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,affecting the teams performance.Young children learning to play team sports are often told,“There is no I in TEAM.”4 Another possi
35、bility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may make less effort.Just as in a game of tug-of-war（拔河比赛）,whenever a person is added,everyone else pulls the rope with less force.5 An A-team may require a balancenot just A players,but a few generous B players as well.A.Its not a
36、simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role
37、 of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过几项研究得出结论：一个顶级的团队,其成员构成需要平衡,既要有顶级人才,也要有普通人才。1.B解析根据上文可知,大多数人认为组建优秀团队的最好方式是将最有才能的个体聚集在一起;根据下文可知
38、,公司花费巨资雇用商界精英。据此可以判断,B项“体育团队的老板花费数百万美元以吸引最优秀的人才”符合语境。2.E解析E项承上启下,回答了第一段末句提出的问题,且E项中的“recent studies”与下文中的“results”和“researchers”对应。故选E项。3.G解析空后先是提到了baseball,后又提到了basketball,对天才球员在这两项运动中所起的作用进行了研究,由此可知,设空处涉及baseball和basketball。选项G中的baseball,football,basketball与之对应,故答案为G。4.D解析根据空前一句“There is No I in TEAM.”和前文所举的体育明星的例子可知,空处所填内容与体育明星有关,而D项中的“this basic principle of sportsmanship”指的就是“There is No I in TEAM.”,故D项正确。5.F解析阅读全文可知,空处为全文的总结句。由空后一句可知,一支顶级的团队需要一种平衡：既要有优秀的选手,也要有一般的选手。故F项“组建一个梦之队比简单地雇用最优秀的人才要复杂”正确。
