1、Unit 1 Cultural relics Learning about Language限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句【语法感知】观察上面对话,并类比填空。1.This is the house _we bought last month.2.The house,_we bought last month,is very nice.语法精讲思维构建which/thatwhich【语法精讲】一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别项目限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式与先行词之间不用逗号隔开与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开功能限制先行词的意义;如果去掉该从句,剩余部分的意思往往不完整,甚至失去
2、意义是先行词的附加说明,如去掉,句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整先行词先行词一般为单个的名词或代词先行词既可为单个的名词或代词,也可为整个句子或其中一部分引导词可用所有的关系代词/副词引导,且关系词作宾语时可省略不能用that或why引导非限制性定语从句,且引导词不能省略*(2019浙江高考)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth which/thatgives off light in the dark.在夹克的边上,有一片在晚上可以发光的布。【名师点津】(1)在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时不能省略,关系代词指人时,只能用wh
3、om,不能用who。(2)关系代词that不引导非限制性定语从句。(3)关系副词where和when可以转换成相应的介词+which的形式。【即学活用】用适当的关系词填空。(1)(2020全国卷)His son,age 15,_had taken an art appreciation class,thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting ona garden chair.(2)Kate,_sister I shared a room with when we were at
4、 college,has gone towork in Australia.(3)Im delighted to learn you are traveling to my hometown,_is a great chancefor you to experience it.(4)(2019全国卷)Further up,the weather changeslow clouds envelope themountainsides,_are covered with thick grass.whowhosewhichwhich二、非限制性定语从句中要注意的几个问题1.关系副词why不能引导非限
5、制性定语从句,但可用for which 代替why来引导。*Paper-cutting enjoys increasingly high popularity,for which it is an ideal gift forfriends.剪纸越来越受欢迎,这就是它可以作为一份理想的礼物送给朋友的原因。2.非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时,其中的关系代词用which或whom。*There were 128 people on the Flight,Sichuan Airlines 3U8633,nine of whom were crew.川航3U8633共搭乘有128人,其中包
6、括9名机组人员。*Our City Library has just set up an English Corner,for which volunteers are badly needed.我们市图书馆刚刚建立了英语角,对此,急需志愿者。*That tree,whose branches are almost bare,is very old.That tree,of which the branches are almost bare,is very old.That tree,the branches of which are almost bare,is very old.那棵树很
7、老了,它的枝条几乎是光秃秃的。【名师点津】“the+名词+of whom/which”可换为:“of whom/which+the+名词”或“whose+名词”。3.在“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句中,介词的选择原则。(1)根据介词与动词的搭配关系。*We need to get along well with classmates,with whom we can share whatever we have in common.我们需要好好与同学相处,我们可以与他们分享我们共同喜欢的东西。*It is a great opportunity to experience a d
8、ifferent culture,to which I am always looking forward.这是一个体验不同文化的好机会,是我一直期望的。(2)根据介词与形容词的搭配关系。*I would like to invite my friends to have a birthday party outdoors,about which Iam really crazy.我想邀请我的朋友们举办一个户外生日聚会,我对此很热衷。(3)根据介词与先行词的关系。*At the fair,books,pictures,videos and objects will be exhibited,t
9、hrough whichvisitors will understand traditional Chinese culture much better.展会上将会展出一些书籍、图片、视频和物品。通过这些参观者可以更好地了解中国传统文化。(4)根据属于与被属于(或部分与整体)的关系。*We have learned a lot of Lei Fengs quotes,of which I like“There is a limit toones life,but there is no limit to ones service for people”most.我们学到了很多雷锋语录,其中我最
10、喜欢的是:“一个人的生命是有限的,但是为人民服务是无限的。”【即学活用】语法填空。(1)Well climb Huangshan in the morning,at the top of _well have a picnic atnoon.(2)Various sports events will be held,_which ping-pong,football as well asrunning competitions enjoy great popularity.(3)Our class consists of 40 students,all of _are working hard
11、 at their lessons.(4)I had told them the reason,_which I didnt attend the meeting.whichofwhomfor4.as,which引导非限制性定语从句的区别。项 目aswhich指 代只能指代整个主句的内容既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分位 置可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句不能位于主句之前意 义正如这,那功 能表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处等引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句*As we all know,reading classic books is popular an
12、d important.众所周知,阅读古典书籍很流行,也很重要。*(2021新高考卷)Rome can be pricey for travelers,which is why many chooseto stay in a hostel.罗马对于旅行者来说可能很昂贵,这就是许多人选择待在旅社的原因。【名师点津】关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时通常用于结构the same.as.及such.as.。*What matters is to have the same determination as the boy did.重要的是要拥有和那个男孩一样的决心。【即学活用】语法填空。(1)(201
13、9全国卷I)I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,_allowed me to keepmy high social status.(2)Many senior 1 students have the same anxiety and problem _you have.(3)_ is widely acknowledged,Chinese food has a long history and is well receivedinternationally.(4)Lucy,_ we had expected,got the first place in t
14、he competition.whichasAsas.单句语法填空1.Mrs Smith,_has a lot of teaching experience,will join us in spring.2.This house,_which Mr Smith paid$150,000,is now worth$300,000.3.The winner was a Brazilian player,_name I have forgotten.4.The dam,_is the biggest in the world,is 3,830 metres long.5.In 1963 we mov
15、ed to Boston,_my grandparents lived.6.One of the boys kept laughing,_really annoyed Jane.7.You lent me some money,_I never repaid you.8.The Queens last visit was in May,_she opened the new hospital.学情诊断课堂测评whoforwhosewhichwherewhichwhichwhen9.(2021浙江高考)The exhibition will last for two weeks,during _
16、everystudent is welcome to visit.10.The factory employs about 1,200 workers,all of _are locals.whichwhom.同义句转换1.The building has just been completed.Its top can be seen from here.The building,_the top can be seen from here,has just been completed.2.I will show you the magazine.I bought it the other
17、day.I will show you the magazine,_ I bought the other day.3.There lives an old man near the school,the son of whom is working abroad.There lives an old man near the school,_is working abroad.of whichwhichwhose son4.Wei Huas teachers in the UK gave her much encouragement in study.Theirencouragement m
18、ade her very happy.Wei Huas teachers in the UK gave her much encouragement in study,_made her very happy.5.This is the house where they spent their childhood.This is the house _they spent their childhood.6.He didnt give us the reason why he was absent from the meeting.He didnt give us the reason _he
19、 was absent from the meeting.whichin whichfor which7.Mr Zhang has two daughters.Both of them are famous doctors in the PeoplesHospital.Mr Zhang has two daughters,_are famous doctors in the PeoplesHospital.both of whom.单句改错1.(2020全国卷)Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy.()2.She is a ki
20、nd girl,whom often helps those in trouble.()3.Some of them dont like the activity which they must sit still.()4.I will arrive there in October,which there are fallen leaves on the ground.()5.The woman always shows off her new clothes,as makes her husband angry.()whatwhichwhomwho在which前加in或whichwhere
21、whichwhenaswhich用关系代词、关系副词或介词完成短文Alexander Graham Bell was born in Scotland in 1847.His father,1._was anexpert on speech,developed a way of teaching how words should be pronounced.Alexander 2._was trained to be a teacher started to be interested in howdeaf people communicated when his mother went de
22、af.The reason 3._whichAlexander and his family moved to the United States in 1870 was that his childrenwere in poor health and he wanted to live somewhere with warmer weather4._he believed would be better for the whole family.whowho/thatforwhich/thatIt was when he was teaching deaf children there that he invented a new machine,5._ was very similar to the human ear itself and could carry human speechalong a wire(电线)from one place to another.Then the days 6._ the telephonebecame a part of all our lives came soon.whichwhen
