1、第八讲 词句猜测题 专题一 阅读理解(2020高考全国卷B)Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.Theres a welcome familiaritybut also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.But books dont change,people do.And thats what makes the act of r
2、ereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.Its true,the older I get,the more I feel time has wings.But with reading,its all about the present.Its about the now and what one contributes to the now,be
3、cause reading is a give and take between author and reader.Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually.The first,which I take to reading every spring，is Ernest Hemingways A MoveableFeast.Published in 1964,its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almost into
4、xicating(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm,her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔)about everything and nothing.The third book is Julio Cortzars SaveTwilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.And because Cortzar.While I tend to buy a lot of bo
5、oks,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that,while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember
6、,its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.语篇解读 主题：人与自我(生活与学习)。话题：重读喜欢的书。本文是一篇议论文。随着时间的流逝，人会变，但书不会变。作者认为重读自己喜欢的书能够进一步加深对自己的认识。24Why does the author like rereading?AIt evaluates the writerreader relationship.BIts a window to a whole new world.CIts a subst
7、itute for drinking with a friend.DIt extends the understanding of oneself.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The beauty of rereadinglies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our presentmental register.”可知，作者认为重新阅读之美在于我们与书之间的纽带是建立在我们当下的精神状态基础之上的。据此可以推断，重读一本书能够了解自己当下的精神状态，从而加深对自己的认识。答案：D25What do we kno
8、w about the book A Moveable Feast?AIts a brief account of a trip.BIts about Hemingways life as a young man.CIts a record of a historic event.DIts about Hemingways friends in Paris.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Published in 1964，itshis classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”可知，A Moveable Feast这本书是一本回忆录。再根据第三段第四句“.an agi
9、ng writer lookingback on an ambitious yet simpler time.”可知，书中年老的作者回顾了雄心勃勃且更单纯的青年时光。答案：B26What does the underlined word“currency”in paragraph 4 referto?ADebt.BReward.CAllowance.DFace value.解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“.while money is indeedwonderful and necessary，rereading an authors work is the highestcurrency
10、 a reader can pay them.”可知，作者认为尽管钱是对作家的回报，但是重读一本书才是读者对作家最高的回报。由此判断出，画线词指的是reward(回报)。debt债务；allowance津贴；facevalue面值。答案：B27What can we infer about the author from the text?AHe loves poetry.BHes an editor.CHes very ambitious.DHe teaches reading.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“The third book isJulio Cortzars Save
11、Twilight：Selected Poems，because poetry.”可知，作者就是因为第三本书是诗歌才反复阅读它，据此可以推断，作者喜欢诗歌。答案：A文体链接议论文类阅读理解2020年全国卷中阅读理解B篇、2019年全国卷中阅读理解D篇和2018年全国卷中阅读理解D篇考查议论文，近几年议论文考查较少。议论文类阅读理解以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，词句猜测题和主旨大意题为辅，属难度较大的题目。第一，抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。第二，注重文章结构，理清文章脉络。把握文章结构，有利于对文章大意的理解
12、。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：1Put forward a question Analyze the question Solve thequestion这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程。2.Argument/Idea Evidence Conclusion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。一、题型特点词句猜测题的命题方式：1The word“.”refers to/probably means.2The underlined word“.”could best be replaced by.3What do yo
13、u think the expression“.”stands for?4By saying“.”we mean.5“.”used in the passage can best be defined as.6Which of the following words can take the place of the word“.”？词句猜测题的选项特征：干扰选项特征：1词(块)的字面意思；2文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；3命题人凭空杜撰的内容。二、方法技巧1代词指代题题型技法：(2019高考全国卷A节选)Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and coa
14、uthor of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on RoaldDahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange anddelightful words.Matildas battles with her cruel parents and the boss
15、yheadmistress，Miss Trunchbull，are equally funny and frightening，but theyre also aspirational.21Who does“I”refer to in the text?AStephen King.BGillian Flynn.CJo Usmar.DRoald Dahl.解题步骤：第一步：定位指代词所在句子，判定原文寻找方向出题的句子是“I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairytales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave m
16、e a new appreciation forhis strange and delightful words.”第二步：向上搜索最近的句子最近的句子是“Here she picks her top reads.”其中she指代JoUsmar。将找到的词代入替换I，故选C项。2.词义猜测题题型技法：(2020浙江金华十校模拟节选)Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Withou
17、t fail one would declare，“But Im just not creative.”23What does the underlined word“downside”in Paragraph 4probably mean?AMistake.BDrawback.CDifficulty.DBurden.解题步骤：第一步：运用构词法知识，进行字面词义猜测画线词downside由down和side组成，字面意思为“下面的一边”，初步猜测词义为“不足部分”。第二步：结合语境判定词义再根据画线单词后的“I ran the risk of losing those studentswho
18、 had a different style of thinking.”可知，“我”冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险，说明“我”的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故选B项。(高考陕西卷节选)My son could not follow the teachers directions，he told me，and thus，Scola was disrupting the class.Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet?58What does the underlined word“disrupting”in paragraph 4pr
19、obably mean?ABreaking.BFollowing.CAttending.DDisturbing.解题步骤：第一步：扫描画线部分的上下文，寻关键标志词画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词thus。第二步：顺着因果关系，结合上下文语义定答案由前面的原因“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子Scola干扰了课堂”，故选D项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。(2020高考全国卷C节选)The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in t
20、he late 1980s，the catsized animals multiplied like crazy.30What does the underlined word“collapsed”in paragraph 5probably mean?ABoomed.BBecame mature.CRemained stable.DCrashed.解题步骤：第一步：定位画线词位置，粗通文意画线词所在句子句意为“几十年来，毛皮贸易让海狸鼠受到限制，但当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末时，这种猫大小的动物疯狂地繁殖。”第二步：根据关键词判定答案根据画线词前的“The fur trade kept
21、nutria in check fordecades”可知，几十年来，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠(的数量)处于控制之下。再根据but和画线词后的the catsized animals multiplied likecrazy可知，这种猫大小的动物(海狸鼠)开始疯狂繁殖。根据句意可知此空表示“消失”或者“崩溃”。故选D。(2019高考全国卷B节选)But hes nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should.should.”Chris trips on the“-ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many nonn
22、ative English speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“.Vote for.me.”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25What does the underlined word“stumbles”in parag
23、raph 2 referto?AImproper pauses.BBad manners.CSpelling mistakes.DSilly jokes.解题步骤：第一步：定位画线词位置，粗通文意画线词所在句子句意为“除了一些，Chris做得非常好。”第二步：根据关键词判定答案根 据 本 段 中 的“.you should.should.”以 及“.Votefor.me.”这样的语句特点可知，Chris的演讲不流畅，也就是说有不适当的停顿“Improper pauses”。这是他表现不好的地方，与画线词后的句意“他完成得非常好”构成转折关系，与短语except for的语意相呼应。故选A项。(
24、2019高考全国卷B节选)I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule，or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the d
25、ad coaching a team that his kids arent even on.At this point the unwilling parent speaks up，“Alright.Yes，Ill do it.”25What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”inparagraph 2 mean?AEncourage teamwork.BAppeal to feelings.CPromote good deeds.DProvide advice.解题步骤：第一步：定位原文，粗通文意画线词所在句的句意大概：我
26、又尝试了一次，。第二步：根据上下文，找到最符合逻辑的选项根据画线短语前一句“She may just need a little persuading.”可知，这位家长可能需要一点点劝说。随后作者对这位家长进行了举例劝说：一位有四个孩子的单亲母亲在主持这次活动，一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队的教练。这些例子都是为了吸引这位家长来做志愿工作，故答案为B。3句意猜测题题型技法：(2017高考浙江卷A节选)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six ye
27、ars of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camels hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benj
28、amin needed morefur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱)His father saidthat the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he hadbeen doing.The cats lot was about to improve.That year，one of Benjamins cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamins drawings.When h
29、e went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.22What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?AThe cat would be closely watched.BThe cat would g
30、et some medical care.CBenjamin would leave his home shortly.DBenjamin would have real brushes soon.解题步骤：第一步：根据上下文语境，粗通画线句句意画线句的字面意思为“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由上文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。下文提到本杰明的堂兄给他送来了专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知，画线句隐含的意思：本杰明将得到真正的画笔。第二步：逐一对比选项，找到隐含的相似意义的正确答案分析各选项意思：A项，猫会被密切关注；B项，猫会得到一些药物治疗；C项，本杰明将很快离开家；D项，本
31、杰明将很快得到真正的画笔。由第一步可知，正确答案为D。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2020温州十校联合体联考)A Portland，Oregon man has traveled across Antarctica by himself without receiving any assistance.Adventurer Colin OBrady completed the 1,500kilometer trip in December,2018.He crossed the continent in 54 days.Friends，fami
32、ly and other people followed his progress through messages and pictures he left on social media.OBrady spoke with his family by telephone soon after he completed the journey.“It was an emotional call，”his wife Jenna Besaw said.“He seemed overwhelmed(充溢)by love and appreciation，and he really wanted t
33、o say Thank youto all of us.”OBrady documented the trip on the social networking service Instagram.He called his journey“The Impossible First”He wrote that he traveled the last 129 kilometers in one big，final push to the finish line.The distance took over one day to complete.OBrady wrote，“While the
34、last 32 hours were some of the most challenging hours of my life，they have quite honestly been the best moments I have ever experienced.”The day before，he wrote that he was“in the zone”and thought he could make it to the end without stopping.“Im listening to my body and taking care of the details to
35、 keep myself safe，”he wrote.“I called home and talked to my mom，sister and wifeI promised them I will stop when I need to.”Other people have traveled across Antarctica，but they all had some form of assistance.They had either better，more plentiful supplies or devices that helped move them forward.In
36、2016，British explorer Henry Worsley died in his attempt to travel alone across Antarctica，unassisted.Worsleys friend Louis Rudd is now attempting an unaided solo journey in Worsleys honor.He is competing against OBrady to be the first to do it.Besaw told the Associated Press that her husband plans t
37、o stay on Antarctica until Rudd finishes his trip.语篇解读 本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了美国冒险家Colin OBrady，在经过54天的跋涉后成功横越南极洲的故事。他成为首个未通过任何援助独自穿越南极洲的人。1Why did Jenna Besaw say“It was an emotional call”？AOBrady was grateful for peoples concern.BShe was concerned about OBradys safety.COBrady was too excited to express his
38、feelings.DShe was proud of what OBrady had accomplished.解析：句意理解题。结合第一段中的“Friends，family and otherpeople followed.to say Thank you to all of us.”可知，OBrady成功穿越南极洲后打电话向家人报喜，他妻子认为这个电话是充满感情的，因为她体会到了丈夫对所有关注他的人的感激。答案：A2What can be inferred about OBrady from the last paragraph?AHe returned home after comple
39、ting the journey.BHe defeated Rudd in their competition.CHe traveled across Antarctica in Worsleys honor.DHe had some assistance in the adventure.解析：细节理解题。依据最后一段中的“Louis Rudd.until Ruddfinishes his trip”可知，Rudd和OBrady比赛看谁能成为首个未通过任何援助独自穿越南极洲的人，而OBrady在完成这段旅程后在南极洲等待Rudd完成他的旅程，由此可知，在他们两个人的这场比赛中，OBrady战
40、胜了Rudd。答案：B3Which saying can best describe OBradys success?AUnion is strength.BRome was not built in one day.CWell begun is half done.DNothing is impossible to a willing mind.解析：推理判断题。美国冒险家OBrady不畏艰辛，历时54天成功横越南极洲，独立完成了总长1 500千米的冒险旅程，他的成功印证了“有志者，事竟成”这一格言。答案：DB(2020滨州模拟)A new“Magic Bench”designed by D
41、isneyResearch lets you interact(互动)with lovely animated(动画的)charactersand no special glasses or earphones are required.Instead,the complete environmentthe seat,the sitter and the cartooncharactersis mirrored on a screen opposite the bench making itpossible for others to watch the scene unfold.How do
42、es the illusion work?A camera and sensor catch images and gather depth information about physical objectsthe bench and the person.And then a computer translates them into the 3D animations.Meanwhile sensors of touch built into the bench deliver shaking that is happening at the same time and speed to
43、 animated actions on the screen,creating the illusion that the animated figures are occupying realworld space next to the user.“Our goal for this project was:hear characters coming,see them enter the space,and feel them sit next to you，”said Moshe Mahler,principal digital artist at Disney Research.U
44、nlike the traditional mobile technology,one of whose limitations is that only a single user can see its illusion,the Magic Bench allows groups of people to gather in a single environment and collectively participate in an augmented reality(扩充实境)experience,all at the same time.In a video show,a small
45、 cartoon donkey runs into view and kicks the bench,causing a sharp sound and making the seated person jump in surprise.Another test shows two people on the bench,reacting as they“feel”an animated rabbit skip up beside them and jump up and down.When a user passes his hand over the rabbit,a shadow mov
46、es across its head,as though it were occupying the same physical space as the person next to it.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了迪斯尼公司设计的“Magic Bench”，它能使观众与卡通人物互动，该互动通过将座位、模特和卡通人物映在长椅对面的屏幕上，让观众更加身临其境。4What does the Magic Bench need to work properly?ASpecial glasses.BEarphones.CA mirror.DA screen.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二
47、句“Instead,the completeenvironmentthe seat,the sitter and the cartoon charactersismirrored on a screen opposite the bench making it possible for othersto watch the scene unfold.”可知，屏幕是该互动技术所需要的，故D项正确。答案：D5What does the underlined word“illusion”in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe shaking that is happening.BT
48、he 3D animations on the screen.CThe figures about physical objects.DThe interaction with animated figures.解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第一句中的letsyou interact with lovely animated characters可知，这种方式让观众和可爱的动画人物互动；结合第二段第一句“How does theillusion work？”可知，该句提问这种和动画人物互动的技术是如何运作的，由此可推知，画线词是指“和动画人物的互动”，故D项正确。答案：D6How
49、is the Magic Bench different from the traditional technology?AIts fantasy can be seen only by a single user.BIt is designed to create more animated characters.CIt allows many people to experience the fantasy together.DIts user and the animated character occupy the same space.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Unlike
50、 the traditionalmobile technology,one of whose limitations is that only a single usercan see its illusion,the Magic Bench allows groups of people togather in a single environment and collectively participate in anaugmented reality experience,all at the same time.”可知，与传统移动技术不同的是，传统移动技术的限制之一是只有一个用户可以看
51、到这种互动，而Magic Bench允许一群人聚集在一个单独的环境中集体同时参与互动体验。故C项正确。答案：C7Which is the best title of the text?AMagic Bench Puts You in the PictureBAudiences Become Cartoon CharactersCEntertainment Industry Enters a New StageDDisneys Cartoon Figures Come into Reality解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了迪斯尼公司设计的能使观众与卡通人物互动的“Magic Bench”，该互动通过将座位、模特和卡通人物映在长椅对面的屏幕上，让观众更加身临其境。故A项最适合作本文标题。答案：A
