1、高考精品真题重组练 四 限时40分钟.阅读理解Passage 1(2020全国卷D)We are the products of evolution,and not just evolution that occurredbillions of years ago.As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因),they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapte
2、d to living at high altitudes.Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突 变)that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food,but to the ocean.A group of
3、 sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.The Bajau,as these people are known,number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia,Malaysia and the Philippines.They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times,theyve also built houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters
4、.“They are simply a stranger to the land,”said Redney C.Jubilado,a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in thePhilippines.They made a living as divers,spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they c
5、ould stay underwater much longer than us localislanders,”Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In 2015,Melissa Ilardo,then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen,heard about the Bajau.She wondered if centuries ofdiving could have led to the evolut
6、ion of physical characteristics that made thetask easier for them.“It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,”said Dr.Ilardo.She also said there were likely a numberof other genes that help the Bajau dive.【文章大意】该篇文章介绍了研究人员发现为适应海洋生活而进化成更好的 潜水者的巴瑶人以及他们的生活方式等。1.What
7、 does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1?A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B.New knowledge of human evolution.C.Recent findings of human origin.D.Significance of food selection.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段As scientists look deeper into our genes,they are finding examples of h
8、uman evolution in just the past few thousand years.可知,下面的例子都是为了进一步说明研究者在更深入地研究我们的基因,发现了过去几千年人类进化的现象。故选B。2.Where do the Bajau build their houses?A.In valleys.B.Near rivers.C.On the beach.D.Off the coast.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times,theyve also built h
9、ouses on stilts in coastal waters.可知,他们把房子建在沿海水域的支柱上。故选D。3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A.They could walk on stilts all day.B.They had a superb way of fishing.C.They could stay long underwater.D.They lived on both land and water.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中We were so amazed that they co
10、uldstay underwater much longer than us local islanders可知,他惊奇的原因是巴瑶人能在水下待很长的时间。amazed与astonished同义,意为“惊奇的”。故选C。4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB.Highlanders Survival SkillsC.Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD.The Worlds Best Divers【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段On
11、 Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptationnot to air or to food,but to the ocean.A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.可知,巴瑶人为适应海洋生活而进化成更好的潜水者,故本文主要介绍了适应海洋生活的身体。Passage 2(全国乙卷D)A build-it-yourself solar
12、 still(蒸馏器)is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.Developed bytwo doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,its an excellent water collector.Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since its all but impossible to f
13、ind natural substitutes.The only components required,though,are a sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still,u
14、se a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line
15、runs upand outthe side of the hole.Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plasticwith dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a rock.The plastic shouldnow form a cone(圆锥体)with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no
16、 more than three inches above,thecup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporates(蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out throu
17、gh the tube,and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink.【文章大意】在很难得到水的地方,怎样自制蒸馏器来获得饮用水?本文就告诉了读者制作它的方法。5.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.Its delicate.B.Its expensive.C.Its complex.D.Its portable.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段的These pieces can be fol
18、ded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.可知,这个设备是易携带的。由此可知选D。D项中portable表示“便携的”。6.What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。此处指在潮湿的地方挖一个洞,目的是让蒸馏器蒸馏出更多的水。所以the water catcher指the still。故选B。7.What is t
19、he last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheets center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the
20、 sheets center down with a rock.可知,自制蒸馏器最后一步是在塑料纸的中间放上一块石头让塑料纸的中心降下来。故选C。8.When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup from_.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的Ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of w
21、ater form,run down the material,and fall off into the cup.可知,地表水蒸发,在塑料纸上形成水滴,然后水滴到下面的杯子里。故选D。.完形填空(2019全国卷)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March 1 six months out of the year.“Of course,we 2 it when t
22、he sun is shining,”says Karin Ro,who worksfor the towns tourism office.“We see the sky is 3,but down in the valleyits darker its like on a 4 day.”But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below.Wednesday,residents(居民)of Rjuka
23、n 7 their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns
24、 central 11,creating an areaof sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 12,Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other,”Ro says.“The town square was totally 15.I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3,500 re
25、sidents cannot all 16 thesunshine at the same time.17,the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 18 residents.“Its not very 19,”she says,“but it is enough when we are 20.”【文章大意】本文为说明文,主要介绍挪威小镇利用高科技反射太阳光,解决 冬季小镇山谷没有阳光的问题。1.A.only B.obviously C.nearly D.precisely【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据上文“does not
26、 get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March”可知,小镇在九月末到来年三月中旬没有直接的阳光,一共近(nearly)六个月。only只有;obviously明显地;precisely精确地。2.A.fearB.believeC.hearD.notice【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据下文“when the sun is shining”可知太阳照射时,当地人可以注意到(notice)有太阳。fear害怕;believe相信;hear听到。3.A.emptyB.blueC.highD.wide【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。本句是Ro介绍当地
27、没有阳光的情况,根据后文“down in the valley its darker”山谷下面更黑,可知当有太阳时,当地的天是蓝的(blue)。empty空的;high高的;wide宽的。4.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文“down in the valley its darker”山谷下面更黑,可知山谷里天色更暗,像是阴天(cloudy)。normal正常的;different不同的;warm温暖的。5.A.helpedB.changedC.happenedD.mattered【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据后文“when
28、a system of high-tech _was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below”可知当一个高科技系统将阳光从邻近的山峰反射进入山谷时,情况发生了改变(changed)。help帮助;happen发生;matter有关系。6.A.computersB.telescopesC.mirrorsD.cameras【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据后文“The mirrors are controlled by a computer”镜子是由电脑控制的,可知这个系统是用镜子(mirr
29、ors)反射阳光。computer计算机;telescope望远镜;camera照相机。7.A.rememberedB.forecastedC.receivedD.imagined【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据后文“very first ray of winter sunshine”冬天的第一缕阳光,可知当地居民收到(received)冬天的第一缕阳光。remember记住;forecast预测;imagine想象。8.A.repairB.riskC.restD.use【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据前文“A row of reflective boards on a nearbymountai
30、nside were put to”可知在附近的山坡上安装的一排反射板投入使用(use)。put to use固定搭配,意为“使用,利用”。repair修理;risk冒险;rest休息。9.A.forbidsB.directsC.predictsD.follows【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据后文“to turn along with the sun”随着太阳转动,可知电脑指挥(directs)镜子随着太阳转动。forbid禁止;predict预测;follow跟随。10.A.dayB.nightC.monthD.year【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文“turn along with th
31、e sun”随着太阳转动,和后文“to close during windy weather”在有风的天气关闭,可知系统在白天(day)天气良好的情况下运转。night夜晚;month月;year年。11.A.libraryB.hallC.squareD.street【解析】选C。词汇复现题。根据后文“The town square was.”可知应用“square(广场)”。library图书馆;hall大厅;street街道。12.A.appearedB.returnedC.fadedD.stopped【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据后文“Rjukan residents gathered
32、together”Rjukan居民聚集在一起,可知阳光出现(appeared)时,居民聚在有阳光的地方。return返回;fade褪色;stop停止。13.A.drivingB.hidingC.campingD.sitting【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据后文“standing there and taking _of each other”站在那里,互相拍照,可知居民们聚在广场坐(sitting)或站在那里。drive驾驶;hide隐藏;camp野营。14.A.picturesB.notesC.careD.hold【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文“taking”,可知pictures相片,
33、符合题意。take pictures拍照。note笔记;care照顾;hold抓住。15.A.newB.fullC.flatD.silent【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据后文“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”我想镇上几乎所有的人都在那里,可知广场已满(full),全都是人。new新的;flat平的;silent沉默的。16.A.blockB.avoidC.enjoyD.store【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据后文“at the same time”同时,可知所有居民不能同时享受(enjoy)阳光。block阻碍;avo
34、id避免;store储存。17.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.GraduallyD.Similarly【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据前文“cannot all _the sunshine at the same time”和后文“the new light feels like more than enough”之间是转折关系,故However但是,符合题意。Instead相反;Gradually逐渐地;Similarly类似地。18.A.nature-lovingB.energy-savingC.weather-beatenD.sun-starved【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据前
35、文“the new light feels like more than enough”可知渴望阳光的(sun-starved)居民很满意。nature-loving热爱自然的;energy-saving节约能源的;weather-beaten饱经风霜的。19.A.bigB.clearC.coldD.easy【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文“The 3,500 residents cannot all _the sunshine at the same time.”所有居民不能同时享受阳光,可知阳光照射的地方不太大(big)。clear清楚的;cold冷的;easy容易的。20.A.tryi
36、ngB.waitingC.watchingD.sharing【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据前文“but it is enough”它是足够的,可知阳光照射的广场虽然不大,但居民们分享(sharing)也是足够的。.语法填空(2019全国卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence1._ they range all the way acros
37、s the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polarbears as much of the range has been 2._(poor)studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods 3._ tracking polar bear populations
38、 havebeen employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 4._(perform)consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5._(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 6._(believe)that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by
39、7._(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are 8._(high)than they actually are.Of 9._ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three aredeclining,six 10._(be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.【文章大意】本文为科
40、普类说明文,介绍了北极熊的生存现状。1.【解析】that。考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子可知,同位语从句意义完整,解释说明evidence的内容,只缺少连接词,故填that。2.【解析】poorly。考查副词。修饰谓语动词has been studied作状语,应用副词形式,故填poorly。3.【解析】of/for。考查介词。此处表示跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法,故填介词of/for。4.【解析】to perform。考查动词不定式。本句为主系表结构,后常跟不定式作状语。5.【解析】have reported。考查时态。根据句中时间状语In recent years可知,应用现在完成时。6.【解析】belief。考查名词。空格前为不定冠词a,空格后为同位语从句,故应填名词belief。7.【解析】noting。考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的介词by可知,此处用动名词形式,故此处填noting。8.【解析】higher。考查形容词比较级。根据空格后than they actually are可知,应用形容词的比较级,故填higher。9.【解析】the。考查定冠词。此处特指“在已知的19个北极熊亚群中”,故填定冠词the。10.【解析】are。考查主谓一致。主语为six,表示六个亚群,结合前面的 three are declining 可知应用一般现在时,故填are。
