1、2022年高考英语二轮复习:完形填空的命题特点与解题方法附练习题原高考考试说明指出,高考英语完形填空考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇的掌握情况。因此,略读跳读全文,理解其大意或主旨,对解答完形填空非常重要。一、短文特点完形填空的短文通常是记叙文,长度约200词,内容通常是弘扬主旋律,传播正能量。二、选项特征考查考生对词汇的掌握情况,是要求考生在了解语篇结构和语篇意义的前提下,根据具体语境选择一个恰当的词。但是,每一道小题中的四个选项具有以下特征:1. 没有近义词辨析。不但不考查近义词辨析,而且四个选项的意义相差很大。2. 词性相同,语法形式一致。如果是名词,四个选项就都是名词,且单复数形式也通
2、常相同;如果是动词,四个选项要么都是原形,要么都是-ed形式,要么都是-ing形式。3. 都可填入空格中,没有语法错误,只是意义不通顺。或与语境不符,或逻辑不通,或搭配不当。三、解题方法解题方法虽无定法,但我们还是认为,以下两个基本方法对正确解题极其重要。1. 略读跳读抓大意。我们不要一拿到题就边看边做,应当先略读短文,甚至跳过空格通读全文,理解大意,把握主旨后再做。略读,就是读标题、读首尾段和各段首尾句,另外,中文注释对文章的理解也非常重要,不可忽视。我们以2021年新高考全国卷的完形填空为例,说明如何略读。读短文首段:“我的纳税职业生涯始于中学时期,当时我在一家烘焙工厂工作了整整三天。”读
3、短文尾句:“这种工作能让你珍惜自己挣来的钱,尊重那些工作的人。”由此推断,本文可能是讲述作者中学时期去工厂做了三天工作的经历。包括去工厂工作的时间、地点、原因,以及工作内容和感受等。其主旨是文尾句。2. 上下文里找依据。无论难或易,解题必有据。答题依据,要么在空格所在句的前部或后部,要么在空格句的前后一句或几句,要么在空格句的前段或后段,甚至在前几段或后几段。因此,在解题中,根据已读信息无法解题时,暂时留着,继续往后做,后面一定会出现依据。当然,有的题,要求考生在理解上下文的基础上,根据常识进行简单推断来确定答案。四、实例分析阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处
4、的最佳选项。My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time,_ 41_ little bunny(兔子) cakes for all its_ 42_ throughout Cleveland. It happened that the
5、plant downtown needed eight kids for_ 43_ help during our spring break, for which I had no_ 44_ beyond listening to my favorite records. Id_ 45_ minimum wage. Id see how a factory_ 46_. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsys dad with their_ 47_.Our_ 48_ in the factory were
6、 simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜)ears. Apply icing eyes and nose._ 49_ bunny from the belt. This was_ 50_ than it sounds._ 51_ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than Id_ 52_.Dad_53_. The son of a
7、 grocer, hed spent the summers of his childhood_ 54_ food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you_ 55_ the dollar you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.答題依据分析本文主要介绍作者第一次寒假打工的经历。41. C由前段中的“a baking factory(烘焙厂)”和本句前部的Bakeries(面包房)可知,是“制作(make)”蛋糕。42.
8、A 由常识可知,工厂生产的东西是供给商店销售的;本句中这家烘焙厂制作的蛋糕就是给Cleveland(美国城市)所有的“商店(stores)”销售的。43. D 由本句空后的“during our spring break(春假)”可知,市中心的工厂需要的是孩子们的“临时的(temporary)”帮助。44. A 由下文作者去了烘焙厂工作的事实可以推断,作者在寒假期间除了听唱片无其他“计划(plans)”。45. B 由常识可知,到工厂工作可以“赚得(earn)”最低工资。46. A 由常识可知,在工厂工作,除了可以赚取工资外,还可以了解工厂是如何“运作(worked)”的。47. B 由本句前
9、部分“My parents thought all of this was a grand idea(我父母觉得这是个好主意)”可知,作者是在得到父母的“允许(permission)”后,才打电话给贝琪的爸爸要求去工厂工作的。48. C 由后文的“Place.Attach.Apply.”可知,是指在工厂所做的工作,即“职责;作用(roles)”。49. D 由本句空后的“from the belt”可知,是指把蛋糕從传送带中“取出(Remove)”。50. A 由空后句“_51_ a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知,只要“慢(Slow down)”一点点,蛋糕就堆积
10、起来。即慢不得,因此,这个工作比听起来“更难(harder)”。本段最后一句“it was all a little more high-pressure”也告诉我们,比听起来“更难(harder)”。51. B 结合第50题一起做,两题互相印证,解析见上题。52. C 结合本段前文可知,在工厂工作比“预料的(expected)”压力更大。53. B 上文是作者给父亲讲工作感受,下文是其父亲讲述自己的童年经历,其经历是积极正面的;根据常识,其父在听完作者的话后,应是“微笑(smiled)”;其余选项,哭(cried)、犹豫(hesitated)和拒绝(refused)与语境毫不相符。54. D
11、 由前文“The son of a grocer”可知,作者父亲是杂货店老板的儿子,应是帮忙“送(delivering)”食物。55. D 由空格后的“and respect those who did the work(尊重那些付出努力的人)”可知,对靠劳动赚钱是持肯定态度的,再结合常识,这种工作能让你“珍惜(appreciate)”自己赚到的钱。纵观以上15个小题,在理解短文大意的前提下,答题依据在上文的有41,47,51,52,54等五个小题,在下文的有43,44,48,49,50,55等六个小题,结合上下文,根据常识推断的有42,45,46,53等四个小题。2022年高考英语二轮复习:
12、完形填空 精选练习题先通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案,并将其标号填入题前括号内。(一)It was 11:30 in the evening. A _1_ American lady of about seventy was standing on the side of an Alabama _2_ trying to bear a pouring rainstorm. Her car had _3_ and at the moment she _4_ needed a ride. Wet to the skin, she decid
13、ed to flag down the next _5_. A young white man stopped to help hergenerally unheard _6_ in those conflict-filled矛盾冲突 1960s. The man _7_ her to safety in his car, and _8_ a taxicab(a kind of car)for her. She seemed to be in a great _9_. She wrote down his _10_, thanked him and drove away. Several da
14、ys went by and a _11_ came on the mans door. To his _12_, a very big color TV was delivered to his home. A special note was _13_ to it. It read: “ Dear sir, thank you so much for assisting a(an) _14_ colored woman on the freeway _15_ night, The rain _16_ wet all over not only my clothes _17_ my spir
15、its. Then you _18_ along. Because of you, I was _19_ to make it to my dying husbands bedside just _20_ he passed away. God bless you for helping me and kindly serving others. Sincerely, Mrs. Nat King Cole.( )1. A. black B. white C. poor D. sick( )2. A. railway B. freeway C. street D. avenue( )3. A.
16、broken up B. speeded up C. broken down D. slowed down( )4. A. seriously B. badly C. fairly D. probably( )5. A. bus B. truck C. taxi D. car( )6. A. from B. by C. before D. of( )7. A. put B. led C. fetched D. took( )8. A. hired B. took C. sent D. asked( )9. A. need B. help C. hurry D. trouble( )10. A.
17、 address B. number C. name D. words( )11. A. lady B. salesman C. letter D. knock( )12. A. surprise B. delight C. joy D. satisfaction( )13. A. offered B. given C. stuck D. written( )14. A. aged B. dark C. lucky D. unhappy( )15. A. another B. the other C. other D. any( )16. A. let B. made C. had D. tu
18、rned( )17. A. and B. but C. or D. otherwise( )18. A. got B. went C. ran D. came( )19. A. able B. ready C. likely D. willing( )20. A. after B. before C. until D. since(二)Though different educational systems have different purposes, one thing is certain: all students should take part in examinations._
19、1_ the English educational system, students take _2_ very important _3_. The first is the eleven-plus, which is taken at the age of eleven _4_ past. At one time the ability _5_ on the eleven-plus would have determined _6_ a child stayed in school. _7_, however, all children continue in “comprehensiv
20、e”綜合性的 schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are tested for the Ordinary Level of the General Certificate证书 of Education. This examination covers a wide _8_ of subjects; once students have passed this exam
21、, they are _9_ to specialize, so that two-thirds or _10_ of their courses will be _11_ physics, chemistry, classical language, or _12_ they wish to study _13_. The _14_ examination, at eighteen, covers only the _15_ of the special subjects. _16_ the universities, students study only in their concent
22、rated area, and _17_ students ever venture冒险 outside _18_ subject again; _19_, the English boy or girl is a specialist _20_ the age of fifteen.( )1. A. On B. In C. To D. For( )2. A. four B. three C. two D. one( )3. A. subjects B. languages C. courses D. examinations( )4. A. somewhat B. or else C. or
23、 so D. or rather( )5. A. seen B. heard C. shown D. known( )6. A. when B. if C. that D. how( )7. A. But B. Then C. So D. Now( )8. A. number B. part C. range D. collection( )9. A. allowed B. passed C. forbidden D. admit( )10. A. much B. many C. more D. most( )11. A in B of C with D. on( )12. A wheneve
24、r B however C. whatever D. wherever( )13. A. at all costs B. at the same timeC. at the least D. at great length( )14. A. late B. later C. early D. final( )15. A. context B. content C book D. lesson( )16. A. Even so B. Even if C. Even then D. Even at( )17. A. few B. no C. some D. any( )18. A. that B
25、their C. its D. which( )19. A. in any case B. in all C. in a sense D. in the end( )20. A. of B. from C. at D. under参考答案与解析(一)【答案与解析】本文主要叙述美国的一个白人青年帮助一个黑人老太太的故事。1. A。根据下文60年代矛盾冲突(指白人对黑人的种族歧视),下文提到了一个白人青年帮她,因此可判断老太太是“黑人”。2. B。从第15空前的 freeway 一词可以得出此题答案。3. C。从下文 she decided to flag down the next car 说明
26、她的车“抛锚”了。4. B。因为车抛锚了,所以她“非常”需要搭车,只有 badly 符合此意。5. D。从下文 in his car 得出答案。6. D。因为是年轻人,对60年代美国种族歧视没有听说过,才伸出援助之手。hear of是“听说”的意思。7. D。take sb. to some place意为“把某人带到某地”是固定短语。8. A。因为是出租车,所以要“租赁(雇)”。9. C。从下文看,她是去看他快要死了的丈夫,所以很“匆忙”。10. A。从下文可知老太太为了感谢那位白人青年,买了一台电视机给他送去,所以记下的是“地址”,而不是电话号码。11. B。从老太太留的纸条可知她没有亲自
27、去,因此可以判断是直接让“售货员”把电视机送去的。12. A。因为他没有买电视机,看到一个售货员送来一台电视机,所以感到“惊奇”。13. C。因为是纸条,所以判断是“贴”(stick)在电视机上。14. B。根据第一空已经得出答案是一位黑人妇女,因此选 dark。15. B。从上下文的时间判断,是“几天前的一个夜晚”。16. B。因为后面是形容词 wet 使浑身都湿了用 make,turn也可以跟形容词,是表示变化,不符句意。17. B。not onlybut(also) 是固定搭配。18. D。从上文可以得知,当老太太的车子抛锚时,那个白人青年及时地出现在她跟前,并给予了帮助。19. A。根
28、据下文表示“能”使她及时赶到她快要死了的丈夫跟前(be able to do sth表示通过努力才能实现的动作),其余不符句意。20. B。因为老太太得到了青年的帮助,才使她在她丈夫死之前赶到。(二)1. B。介词in表示在某一方面。2. B。/3. D。预阅全文可知学生须经过三大考试:进初中时(eleven-plus),15岁时和18岁时。4. A。eleven-plus exams是指英国私立学校十一岁进入初中的学生举行的考试。既然是eleven-plus 那么正常年龄应是11岁或11岁多一点,所以确定somewhat。5. C。/6. B。eleven-plus exam中表现出来的能力
29、会决定一个孩子是否留在学校继续深造。7. D。从上文at one time:曾经一度时期,however表示转折,说明与现在的情形不一样。8. C.从下文可知考试覆盖面广,number不宜用wide修饰。9. A。首先排除B和C(不符题意),而 admit 形式不对。10. C。or前后连接的应是并列成分,应接与two-thirds相比具有更多或更少含义的词。11. A。/12. C。学生通过考试后,被允许选修任意学科。13. D。at all costs:不惜一切代价,at the same time:同时,at the least:至少,起码。均不符题意,不能选择。at great len
30、gth:最大限度(只要有能力,不受限制)。14. D。根据上下文,这是最后一场考试即第三次考试。15. B。排除A. C,不符题意。18岁时的考试只考选修的所有课程内容。16. D. 表示处所用at。17. A。/18. A。从上一句students study only in their concentrated area, 可知几乎没有学生敢冒险学习选修以外的课程。19. C。/20. B。in any case: 在任何情况下, in all:总共,in the end :最后.根据上下文均不符题意。in a sense 从某种意义上来讲,因为从15岁就开始选修,所以英国的孩子从15岁起
31、就可以说是专业人才。What Color什么颜色An impoverished graduate student at Clemson University in South Carolina, I was excited when my father informed me that he had bought me a car. Hardly able to contain my enthusiasm, I asked Dad the typical questions:“What kind is it? Does it have a stick shift? Does it have a
32、 tape deck?”“Its a 1982 Toyota,” he replied. “Its a four speed, and, yes, it has a tape deck.” Pleased, I asked what color it was.“Well,” he said uncomfortably,“which part?”作为南卡罗莱那州克莱姆森大学的一个本科生,我囊中羞涩,当我父亲告诉我他为我买了辆车时,我甚是激动。我几乎控制不住我的热情,问了爸爸几个关键问题:“什么车?有没有手排挡?有没有磁带舱?”“是1982年产丰田车,”他回答说,“四速,还有,是的,有磁带舱。”我甚是高兴,又问是什么颜色的。“哦,”他很不舒服地說,“你指哪一部分?”