1、Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal CommunicationExplanations for new words and phrases导学P25-1 1、communicate：vt./vi. (用语言,信号)传递信息(想法,感情,思想等)；交流(信息,消息,意见等)；沟通。We only communicate by Email.只靠电邮进行交流。 A baby communicates its needs by crying.He was eager to communicate his ideas to the group. 他急于把想法传给小
2、组。communicate with sb. 与某人交流、联络。 We can communicate with the United States directly through the internet.用互联网,可直接与联合Parents sometimes find it difficult to communicate with their teenage children . 国联系。communicate sth. to sb. 告知某事给某人。 He communicated our secret to others. 把秘密告诉其他人。He was eager to com
3、municate his ideas to the munication：n.交流/际,通讯U；通信工具C Good communication is important in a large organization.tele-communication 电信 communication skills 通讯技能/思想交流技能 be in communication with与.沟通/通讯；同.保持联系。I am in communication with him on his subject.Modern communications enable more and more people
4、to work from home. Radio is the only means of communication in remote areas. 边远地区唯一的通讯工具就是无线电。导学P25-2-1 2、conscious：adj. 有意识的/有知觉的/神志清醒的；了解/知道的；察觉的。He is hurt but still conscious. 他受了伤，不过仍然神志清醒。 The driver was still conscious when the ambulance reached the scene of the accident. be conscious of (doi
5、ng) sth. 意识/觉察到。 She is very conscious of the problems involved.She was not conscious of his presence in the room. 她不晓得他在房间里。be conscious that到；察觉到。I was conscious that she was ill at ease. 意识她有点局促不安/心神不宁。consciousness：n. 意识；知觉。 consciously：adv. 有意识地；自觉地。 .lose consciousness失去意识/知觉。David lost consci
6、ousness at 8 oclock and died a few hours later.regain consciousness恢复意识/知觉。She could hear voices as she begin to regain consciousness.unconscious：adj. 无意识的/失去知觉的；不知道的/未察觉的/不知不觉的。She was found alive but unconscious. The boy was beaten unconscious. 被打晕过去。be unconscious of (doing) sth. 未意识/未觉察到。 I was
7、unconscious of her presence.He seems unconscious of making others laugh. 他似乎没觉察到自己把大家逗乐了。unconsciously：adv 未意识到地；失去知觉/神志不清地；无意识/下意识地。unconsciouness：n. 无意识，失去知觉。辨析：conscious与aware conscious表示内心所意识到的感觉。 One must be conscious of ones shortcomings.人要有自知之明。One may be conscious of fear, but not aware of t
8、he danger which is going on. 人会心感恐惧，但却 aware指感官上的知觉。 Im quite aware of how you feel.我很理解你的感觉。 不能觉察将发生的危险。3、vary：vi. 变化/变更/改变；不同。 过去式和过去分词varied。 导学P25-2-2 vary in sth.：在.方面不同(有差异)。 There are flowers that vary in color and size. vary with sth.：随着.变化。 Prices vary with the seasons. Customs vary with th
9、e times .The price of the goods varies with seasons. = Prices vary with the seasons. 物价随季节而变化。vary from： 不同于。 In the students eyes , English Weekly varies from other newspapers.vary from to ：从. 到.变化/情况不等。 The weather varies from day to day. Peoples eating habits vary from area to area. Climate varie
10、s from regions to regions. 地区与地区之间,气候总是变化不同。variety：n. 变化，多样性/化，种类。a great/wide variety of = varieties of = various各种各样的,品种繁多的。a variety of = varieties of 意思/用法相同，可数/不可数均可修饰。The shopping center sells a variety of goods. I like to have variety in my life.The T-shirts are available in a wide variety o
11、f colors.various：adj. 不同种类的；各种各样的。 various colors various ways.varied：adj. 各种各样/各不相同的;形形色色/多变的;多彩的。He led a varied life.过着丰富多彩的生活。He had had a varied training and held many offices. 受过多方面的训练, 担任过许多职务。variously：adv. 不同地/多方面地。4、on guard：站岗，值班, (保持)警惕，提防/防备。Who was on guard when the fire broke? 导学P26-3
12、 The soldiers were on guard around the whole palace in case terrorists attack. 士兵们围绕整个皇宫off guard 疏忽，(失去)警惕，不提防。 under guard 处于.看管下。 站岗,以防恐怖分子袭击。be on guard against (doing) sth.提防着。 Everyone must be on guard against thieves. 大家要提防小偷。He is always on his guard against saying wrong words.他一直保持警惕不要说错话。k
13、eep /stand guard over站岗/放哨，守卫/看守。He kept guard over the horse while we looked for water.be on ones guard 警惕，提防。 Be on your guard, they alaways try to cheat tourists.小心点,总骗客人guard sb/sth against sth 避免, 预防。We must guard against accidents. 必须谨防事故。He guarded himself against vice. 避免染上坏习惯。拓展：on名词，on表示处于
14、某种状态或方位。 on business（在)出差；on board乘(船/飞机), on call听候召唤, on duty/watch值班, on fire着火, on foot步行,on guard在岗, on holiday（在)度假, on leave休假, on sale待售, on shore在岸上,on time准时, on the move在进行中, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot当场, on the tip of ones tongue快要说出口, on top of在的顶部, on watch值班， on purpose故意地导学P2
15、6-4 5、formal：adj. 正式的(场合)，礼仪/形式上的。formal dress 礼服 a formal declaration of war正式宣战formal education / training /qualification 正规教育/形式训练/正式资格a formal dinner/dance/meeting 正式的晚餐/舞会/会议I only wear this suit for formal dinners.穿西服参加。 She has a very formal manner.她举止端庄。 informal：adj. 非正式的，不讲究形式的轻松友好的/不拘礼节的;
16、 (指衣服)在家穿的/日常穿的。 The two groups met for informal talks. 两个团体见面进行了非正式的会谈。Students and teachers shared a taste for informal dress. 教师学生都喜欢穿便装。The atmosphere at work is fairly informal. 工作氛围相当轻松。6、aggressive：adj. 攻击的，好争斗的, 挑衅的, 侵略性的。 aggressive behaviour 攻击性行为Some people get aggressive after drinking a
17、clcohol. 有些人酒后具有攻击性。The dogs are trained to be aggressive. 这些狗被训练得具有攻击性。 Aggressive nations threaten the world peace. 具有侵略性的国家威胁着世界和平。aggressor：攻击者，侵略者。 aggression：n 侵略（u ,c）7、traditionally：adv. 传统上/地，传说上。 Traditionally, Chinese shake hands with each other .8、weapon：n. C 武器。The fisher used a spear a
18、s his weapon. The police are looking for the murder weapon.9、gesture：n. C/U 姿势，姿态。 She made an angry gesture . 他摆出愤怒的姿态。This form of sign language is rich in gesture. 这种形式的手语手势很丰富。10、threatening：adj 恐吓的/具有威胁的；胁迫的/险恶的。 He received a threatening letter.His threatening words frightened the little boy.
19、threaten：v. 恐吓/威胁；预示着。 The black clouds threaten a storm. 乌云预示暴风雨的来临。threaten to do sth威胁要干.。 The boss threatened to fire her. 威胁要开除她threaten sb with sth 用.恐吓/威胁.。 A men threatened staff with a handgun. 用枪恫吓员工。11、deal：n C 协议，交易。 导学P26-5 make/do a deal with sb. 与某人作成一笔交易, 和达成协议。He was trying to make
20、a deal with them. 他正设法和他们达成一项协议。We did/made a deal with the company on overtime. 我们与公司在加班问题上达成了一项协议。Ok, its a deal. 成交(口语，同意做某事)。 Big deal! 妙极了! (假装赞叹的讽刺语)。Thats a deal. = Its a deal.= Call it a deal. 俚 就这样决定，就这么办；一言为定。n. 很多/大量。 a great /good deal A great deal of money was spent on the project. 花大量的
21、钱。vi. (dealt，dealt) (与with连用) 处理/对付/应付；解决/处理；涉及/关于。I dont know how to deal with such a difficult situation. Havent you dealt with that letter yet? 那封信你答复了么?How would you deal with an armed burglar? 遇到持有武器的盗贼，你将如何对付？This book deals with the ancient history of China. 这本书讨论中国古代史。 (与with连用) 与有贸易往来/做买卖；打
22、交道。Ive dealt with this shop for 20 years. 我同这家商店做生意已经有20年了。 I have dealt with them for a long time. 与他们打交道很长时间了。辨析：1) deal with表示“处理；对待(人或事)”，常与how连用；作“与交易”讲时，不可用于被动语态。He knows well how to deal with children.他很了解如何与孩子相处。2) do with表示“处理；对待”，多与what连用。The new teacher didnt know what to do with the clas
23、s. 新老师不知应如何对待班里的学生。12、involve：vt. 包括/含, 涉及/牵涉, 需要；使参与/加，使卷入，牵连(某人或某物)。 导学P27-6 What will the job involve?该工作包括什么？Winning the game involves fortune as well as skill. Parents should involve themselves in their childrens education. 父母应当参与孩子的教育。involve sb in (doing) sth 允许某人参与 或 使某人陷入某种情况。 Try to involv
24、e as many children as possible in the game. 尽量让更多孩子加入游戏。be /become/get involved in 被卷入/陷入.，与有关, 使专注于/专心地做。 Ben and wife got involved in the murder case. All the citizens got involved in planting trees. They are deeply involved in debt.债台高筑。They were involved in working out the plan. 他专心于制定计划。involve
25、 doing 包括; 牵扯。 然得居住在伦敦。To accept the position you offer would involve my living in London. 若接受你提供的职位,我必 involved： adj. 复杂的(前置定语)an involved story。有牵连的,相关的(后置定语) the people involved13、slightly: adv. 轻微地;稍稍/些许地。 This ones slightly better than that. 这一个比那个稍好一点。He lowered his voice slightly. 略微降低了嗓门。The
26、y are all slightly different. 他们都略有不同。导学P27-7-1 14、hold up：举起,抬起。 Can you hold up the stone for some minutes? 你能举起这块石头呆几分钟吗?The boy held up his right hand to ask a question.男孩举起右手想问一个问题。承受住；支撑住。 Shes holding up well under the pressure. 她承受住了压力。使延误；阻碍。 An accident is holding up traffic.一场事故造成了交通阻塞。Th
27、e building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.天气恶劣延迟了新路修建。抢劫，拦截。 The criminals held up the train and took all the money.罪犯拦截火车，抢走了所有钱。拓展：hold back保留；抑制；自制； hold off 延迟；推迟；克服； hold out 维持；坚持hold the line 别挂断电话； lose hold of 放弃； take/catch/get hold of sb./sth. 抓住；拿着hold on 抓住不放；依附；继续做某事；坚
28、持；稍等(尤指不挂断电话以等待想找的人)15、spread： vt. spread-spread 导学P27-7-2 1) 使伸展；使延伸。 I spread my arms as far apart as I could. 我尽可能地将双臂伸展开。He spread out his arms to welcome us. 他张开手臂欢迎我们。2) 张开；展开；摊开。 Mom spread a new tablecloth on the table. 妈妈在桌上铺了一块新桌布。3) 撒；散布；传播；普及。 She was told not to spread this secret aroun
29、d. 她被告知不要散布这秘密。vi. 1) 伸展；延伸；延长(out)。 A wide stretch of land spreads in front of us.我们面前是一片广阔的土地。2) 传开/传播；蔓延。 The news spread quickly. 消息传播的很快。The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby. 火势从工厂蔓延至附近的房舍。拓展： spread out 张开；伸开；铺开；扩大(张)；展开；伸长。 spread over 遍布；覆盖。spread to 传到；波及；蔓延到。 spread with 在上
30、面涂抹。16、give away：赠送/捐赠; 分发(奖品)；泄漏(秘密)/暴露(情况);；出卖/背叛。 导学P27-8He gave away all his fortune/money to the poor. 他把自己所有的财产都送给穷人。His accent gave him away.他的口音把他暴露了。He gave away all the secrets I told him. 他把我告诉他的秘密都泄漏出去了。拓展： give in (to) 让步,投降,屈服 give back 归还；报复 give off 发出;释放出(光/热/烟/气味等) give out分/散发;颁发;
31、宣布;用完,精疲力竭 give up 放弃/认输；停止；献出导学P30-117、stare：vi. =fix ones eyes/ an eye on 凝视/注视, 盯着看。常与at 连用，表因吃惊、害怕、羡慕或深思而张大眼睛、目不转睛地注视，这种注视可能有意无意地表现出无礼或粗鲁的态度。Its impolite to stare at others. 盯着人看是没有礼貌的。Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.克鲁索盯着脚印，内心充满恐惧。辨析：stare at, glare at与look at1) glare：“瞪眼”；“怒目而视”，表
32、由于生气而张大眼睛用强烈的目光看，凶狠地或恐吓地注视，强调敌对或威胁。通常也与介词at连用，相当于look at sb./sth. angrily。 向他射来。Suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness. 突然黑暗中他看见两道强烈的目光2) look at：普通用语，既没吃惊、害怕、羡慕、无礼或粗鲁的态度，也没有凶狠或恐吓之意。 He looked at me and smiled.他望着我微笑。 glance at 瞥一眼18、wipe：vt. 擦去，抹去If you are hot you can wipe the
33、 sweat from / off your forehead. 热的话就把额头上的汗水擦了。Time had wiped her image from his memory. 时间把她的印象在他的记忆中抹去了。wipe out / up：擦掉/收拾干净；消除，彻底摧毁，消灭。She got angry and wiped out her name on the blackboard. 她生气就把黑板上她的名字擦掉了。The earthquake wiped out the whole town. 那次地震毁掉了整个城镇。 犯之敌。We are always ready to wipe out
34、 any enemy who dares to attack. 时刻准备着消灭一切胆敢来导学P31-2 19、lift up：举起,抬起,抬高；(被)提起；使振奋。 His presence lifted us all up.他的光临使我们情绪高涨。Please lift your hands up.把手举起来。 He lifted the suitcases up. 他提起箱子。辨析：1) raise是及物动词，“使上升”。 Prices have been raised up.价格被提高了。2) rise是不及物动词，“升起；上升；起立”。 Prices rose gradually.价格
35、逐渐地涨上去了。3) lift up举起；提起；使振奋；鼓舞。 Lift it up to the table.把它抬到桌子上。20、up and down：prep./adv. 上上下下/一上一下地；来来回回地。 导学P31-3The teacher walked up and down in the classroom with a book under his arm. 在教室走来走去。The manager looked at him up and down. 经理上上下下地打量着他。In the street, cars are busy rushing up and down. 大
36、街上，车辆匆忙的来来往往。 近义短语：back and forth 前前后后21、by accident：偶然地；无意中。= by chance 偶然地；意外地。 导学P31-4 We met each other again completely by accident. 我们再次相遇，完全出于偶然。Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥伦布偶然发现了美洲。I have heard by accident that he is still alive. 我偶然听说他依然活着。拓展：have an accident 遭受意外。 meet with
37、an accident 遭不测；失事。without accident 平安无恙地。 on purpose 故意地。I came here on purpose to see you. 我特地来这里看你。22、toast: n. 祝酒，干杯。 v. 向.祝酒，为.干杯。 导学P31-5 In Russia you must make a toast every time you make a sip from your glass.drink / make a toast to： 为干杯。 = drink to.Lets drink a toast to the newly married c
38、ouple. 让我们向新婚夫妇祝酒。Lets drink to your health. 让我们干杯祝你健康。23、blank: adj. 空白的，空着的；茫然的，无表情的。 导学P31-6-1 If your mind goes blank, try not to panic.如果你脑子里觉着空了,一定不要慌。go blank：变得茫然，空虚。 Suddenly, my mind went blank. 突然间我脑子里一片空白。panic：n. / vi. 惊慌/恐慌。 be in a panic 在恐慌中。 导学P31-6-2 The crowd was in a panic.群众陷入恐慌
39、中。 Dont panic, there is no danger.不要惊慌,没有危险。24、be rude to：对某人无礼。 Dont be so rude to your father. 对你父亲不要这样无礼。It is rude of sb. to do sth. .干. 是无礼的。 间准备这顿饭，你却说不好吃，真无礼。Its rude of you to say you dont like the food, for we spent so long preparing it. 我们花那么多时rudeness： n. 粗鲁，无理。25、say hello /goodbye to sb
40、=greet sb.：向某人问好/问候某人，和某人道别。 导学P32-7 say sorry to sb 向某人道歉。 say yes/ok to sth 同意某事。 say no to sth 拒绝某事。Lets go to say hello to him.我们去跟他打个招呼吧。导学P32-8 26、request：n. 请求/要求。 make a request for要求。at ones request应某人的要求。 by request 应邀.The teachers were deaf to our requests. 老师对我们的请求一点都听不进去。 给点水。We should
41、make a request for help.我们应该请求支援。 She made a request for some water.她请求I attended the party at the owners request. 我应主人之邀出席了这次晚会。We shall give your request our careful consideration. 我们将仔细考虑你的要求。vt. (郑重或正式)请求；要求；恳求；邀请。Your presence is immediately requested. 敬请光临。Gentlemen are requested not to smoke.
42、 先生们请勿吸烟。request sth of sb He requested a loan of a bank. 他请求银行贷款。request sb to do sth May I request you to stop talking? 能不能请你不要再讲了？request that (should) I requested that he (should) come an hour earlier. 请他早来一个小时。拓展： on/upon request 一经要求。 in great request(=much in request)人们非常需要；大众非常喜爱。make(a)requ
43、est for 请求；要求。 request sth. from sb. 向某人要求某物。as requested 依照请求。27、favour：n(=favor) 导学P33-9 1) 帮助；好事；恩惠。 I would never ask for any favours from her.我再也不会请她帮任何忙了。2) 赞成；支持。 到当地人的支持。The suggestion to close the road has found favour with local pepole. 封闭这条路的建议已经得 do sb a favor = do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个
44、忙，答应某人的请求，接济某人。 把收音机关掉!Would you do me a favor?你能帮我一下吗? Do me a favor by turning off that radio!请帮我be in favor of 支持，赞成；有利于。 The citizens are in favor of reform. 市民都赞成改革。ask a favour of ：请帮忙；请照顾。favourable：adj. 赞许/同的；有利/顺利的。 favoured：adj. 受宠爱的/得到偏爱的；受优惠的。favourite：adj./n. 特别受喜爱的。 favourer：n. 宠爱者/照顾者
45、/保护者；支持者/赞成者。28、live：adj. 1) 活的。 We saw a real live tiger. 我们看见了一只活生生的老虎。 导学P33-10 2) 现场直播的；实况转播的；现场演出的。 It wasnt a recorded show; it was live.不是.而是实播。The club has live music most nights. 这个俱乐部大多数晚上有现场演奏的音乐。拓展： lively：adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的；活泼/轻快的。辨析：lively，alive，live与living1) lively：“活泼的；快活的；生动/逼真的”，可指人或
46、物，作定语或表语；但没“活着的”意思，而另三个有。Young children are usually lively.小孩子常是活泼的。 He told a very lively story.生动的故事。2) alive, live, living都有“活的；有生命的”之意，与dead意相反。 但live常作前置定语，且一般用来指动物； alive, living不仅可作定语(alive只能后置；living一般前置，也可后置)，也可以作表语。另外，live还有“现场直播”的意思。This is a live (=living) fish.(=This is a fish alive.) 是
47、一条活鱼。(指动物且作定语时，三者均可用)Whos the greatest man alive(=living man)？ 谁是当今最伟大的人物？ (指人不能用live)The fish is still alive(=living). 那条鱼还活着。(指动物且作表语时不能用live)3) living主要指在某个时候是活着的，而alive指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。而且，作主语补足语或宾语补足语时，只能用alive；作比喻义，如“活像”,“活生生的”等解时，要用living。He is the living image of his father. 他活像他父亲。 (作比喻义，不用ali
48、ve)4) 只有living前加the时方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。The living are more important to us than the dead. 活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。29、classical: adj. 古典的, 经典的。 Im interested in classical architecture. 喜爱古典建筑风格30、applause: n. 鼓掌, 喝彩。 We gave him a round of applause. 向他报以一阵鼓掌。applaud: v. 鼓掌; 称赞, 赞许。 They applauded Jack fo
49、r his courage. 他们称赞杰克很有勇气。 The audience warmly applauded when the performance came to the end. 演出尾声观众鼓掌31、judgement：n. 判断(力)；看法, 意见, 评价；审判, 判决; 裁判。 自己拿主意了。I cant make that decision for you, you will have to use your judgement. 我不能代你作决定, 你得That is not, in my judgement, the end of the matter. 据我的判断，问题
50、并没有结束。I was unable to come to any judgement about it. 关于这件事我无法提出任何看法。The judge passed judgement on the accused. 对被告作出了裁决。32、prolong：vt. 延长；拉长; 拖延。 prolong the life of the engine 延长引擎寿命Two countries prolonged signing an agreement until details could be agreed on.两国推迟签约直到就细节达成协议。33、social：adj. 社会的；交际的。 the social structure 社会结构Please tell me some opinions on various social problems. 请告诉我关于各种社会问题的意见。34、infectious：adj. 传染的, 有传染性的；有感染力的。Influenza is an infectious disease. 流感是一种传染病。The patient is still infectious. 这个病人仍具有传染性。What an infectious laugh she has! 她的笑声多么具有感染力啊！