1、阅读Reading for Writing中的材料，选择最佳答案1What subjects did Albert Einstein like best in middle school?APolitics and geography.BPhysics and maths.CEnglish and art.DChemistry and history.2When did Einstein publish four extraordinary physics papers?AIn 1902.BIn 1904.CIn 1905. DIn 1906.3Why was Einstein awarded
2、 the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics?ABecause of his explanation of the photoelectric effect.BBecause of his courageous and kind character.CBecause of his strong passion for knowledge.DBecause of his fulltime research at a university.4What happened to Einstein in 1933?AHe came to power in Germany.BHe wa
3、s forced to leave Germany.CHe moved to Europe for his degree.DHe refused to work as a researcher in the US.答案14BCABWords And Phrasescircumstance nusually pl. 条件；环境；状况(教材P5)There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。例1He was forced by cir
4、cumstances to do this.他做这件事是为环境所迫。例2There is one important circumstance you have not mentioned.还有一件重要的细节你没提到。翻译在正常情况下我会让你用我的车，但是今天我要用车。In normal circumstances I would let you use my car, but today I need it.知识拓展in/under the circumstances在这种情况下in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)即学即练单句
5、语法填空/句型转换In/Under the circumstances, we must rely on ourselves.Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.You must leave your position under/in no circumstances.Under/In no circumstances must you leave your position名师点津以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。at no time, in no way, in no sense,
6、 on no account, on no conditionconstruction n建造；建筑；建筑物(教材P5)The building under construction was designed by IM.Pei a famous ChineseAmerican architect.正在建设的大楼是由著名的美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭设计的。例1Construction of the new road has now been completed.新公路的建设现已完工。例2This is a fine construction.这是一个完美的建筑。翻译一家新的工厂正在建设中。A new
7、 factory is under construction知识拓展(1)(be) under construction正在建设中；在施工(2)construct vt. 建筑；建造；创建；组成be constructed of/out of/from sth. 由建成(3)constructive adj. 建设性的；有助于的；积极的(4)constructor n. 建筑者；制造者即学即练单句语法填空The novel is constructed of/from a series of onthespot reports.The old house was constructed (co
8、nstruct) out of wood.Its dangerous to get close to the building under construction.小片段填空Subways are under construction or to be constructed in many Chinese cities to deal with traffic jam.我国许多城市正在考虑修建或已经在修建地铁以解决城市的交通拥挤问题。come to power(开始)掌权；上台(教材P8)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to
9、power in Germany.1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。例1Three years later, he came to power.三年后他上台掌权了。例2This party came to power at the last election.这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政党的。翻译那个英明的人何时执政的？When did that wise man come to power? 知识拓展beyond/out of ones power力所不能及的be in power 执政take power 掌权do all/everything in ones power
10、 to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事即学即练单句语法填空Do you know when Hitler came to power?China is a country where the people are in power.Its beyond my power to understand how the computer works.名师点津come to power表示动作，be in power表示状态，所以come to power不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而be in power可以。How long has he been in power?他执政多久了？consequ
11、ence n. 结果；后果(教材P8)As a consequence, he had to flee Germany.结果，他不得不逃离德国。例1Nobody can tell what the consequences may be.没有人能说出可能的后果。例2This could have serious consequences for the economy.这可能会给经济带来严重的后果。翻译你必须承担你的行为所引起的全部后果。You must accept the full consequences of your behaviour知识拓展(1)in consequence/as
12、 a consequenceas a result因此；结果in consequence of/as a consequence ofas a result of 由于原因(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；由引起的consequently adv. 所以；因而即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换She was a bright and eager student and, consequently (consequence), did well in school.The warming of the earth and the consequent (consequence) cl
13、imatic changes affect us all.It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was cancelled.It rained yesterday and as a consequence the match was cancelled.The city was in ruins as a result of a severe earthquake.The city was in ruins in consequence of/as a consequence of a severe earthquake.take u
14、p a position担任；任职(教材P8)After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。例1I wont take up much of your time.我不会占用你很多时间。例2Id like to take up your offer of a ride into town.我愿接受你的邀请
15、，搭你的车进城。翻译我最近和一个朋友聊天，他在一家新成立的公司任职。 I was talking with a friend recently who took up a position at a startup company.知识拓展take up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据(时间或空间)take away 解除；消除take down 拿下；取下；记下take in 理解；欺骗；接纳take off 脱去；起飞；突然受欢迎take on 呈现；开始雇用即学即练完成句子他拿起电话听筒开始拨号码。He took up the telephone receiver and began to
16、dial.如果你相信他, 你一定会受骗。If you trust him, you will certainly be taken in记者们迅速记下讲话的内容。The reporters took down the speech in shorthand.图形助记图释take off/up/downremarkable adj.非凡的；显著的(教材P9)Apart from his remarkable achievements, what does the passage tell us about Einsteins life?除了他卓越的成就，关于爱因斯坦的生活这篇文章还告诉了我们什么
17、？例1All kinds of remarkable things began to happen.各种不寻常的事开始发生。例2These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。翻译她听到这坏消息时，表现出非凡的勇气。She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news.知识拓展(1)be remarkable for以著称(2)remark v. 谈起；述说；议论；评论n. 评论；言语make a remark/remark
18、s on/about. 就发表意见；评论make no remark 不加评论；什么也不说remark on/upon 就发表意见；评论remark that. 评论即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I wouldnt like some of them to make a remark on my private affairs.Its rude to remark on/upon the appearance of others.The writer, Mo Yan, got remarkable(remark) achievements in writing.评论家们指出该剧不是原创的。Cr
19、itics remarked that the play was not original.小片段填空Most people make many remarks without saying anything remarkable很多人话语连篇，可就是不值一分钱。sum vi. 总结；概括n金额；款项；总数；总和(教材P9)Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.用你的笔记来写一个介绍，并总结你对这个人的看法。例1The expenses came to an eno
20、rmous sum.开支总数巨大。例2The sum will be increased by fifteen per cent.金额将要增加15%。翻译他出一笔巨款买了这所房子。He paid a large sum for the house.知识拓展(1)do/work/make sums/a sum计算；做算术题in sum 大体上；一言以蔽之；总之(2)sum up 总结；概括；是的总和；合计即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子In sum, the two countries are now true economic partners.She summed it up as “the
21、most brilliant lecture Ive ever attended”我很快地算出了需要花费的钱数。I did a quick sum to work out how much it would cost.Sentence Patterns独立主格结构(教材P8)He made numerous contributions to the world，the most wellknown being the general theory of relativity.他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论句式分析：句中the most wellknown being the
22、general theory of relativity为“名词现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。例1The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。例2We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.假设明天天气好，我们就进行比赛。翻译班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off.知识拓展独立主格结构形式为：(1)名词/代词现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)(2)名词/代词过去分词(表示
23、被动或已完成)(3)名词/代词不定式(表示将要发生的动作)(4)名词/代词形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Time permitting(permit), well go to your house.Lots of homework to do(do), I have to stay at home all day.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。More time given, we should have done the job much better.会议结束了，老师们一个个走了出来。The meeting
24、 over, the teachers went out one by one.as though/if引导方式状语从句(教材P8)He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.他胡须浓密，有时白发挺立；就好像刚遭了电击。句式分析：句中as though “好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句，相当于as if引导方式状语从句。例1It sounds as though there is a knoc
25、k at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。例2The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下很少的氧气。翻译他老爱说大话，就仿佛他是一位重要的人似的。He likes to talk big as though he was an important person知识拓展(1)as though/if引导方式状语从句时，通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或相反的情况；如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气。(2)as though/if还可用在be,
26、look, seem, sound, taste, smell, feel等系动词后面，引导表语从句。(3)当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语又包含动词be时，从句主语和谓语中的动词be通常可省去。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He shook his head as if (he was) to say (say) “Dont trust her”He did something wrong but looked as if nothing had happened (happen)她对待这个孤儿就好像对待自己的亲儿子一样。She treats the orphan as if/thoug
27、h he were her own son直接信息题 直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。【例文】This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents homes, sleepaway camps and lifeguard stands.But summer vacation hasnt always been a birthri
28、ght of US.schoolchildren.Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars (日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural （农村的） schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urb
29、an students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?AEnjoy a summer vacation.BTake a break each quarter.CHave 48 weeks of study a year.DAssist their parents with farm work.试
30、题特点1考查事件、地点、人物和物品的具体细节；2问题一般比较直白；3答案常是原文的一句话或一个词，但可能变换了说法；4错误选项往往明显与原文内容不符。解题思路Step 1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)Step 2：根据关键词定位信息句(中句)Step 3：尝试解答根据信息句可知，内战前的农村校历让孩子们在春天播种和秋天收获时过假期，帮助父母干农活。故选D。针对性练习Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen.So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2yearold daught
31、er Kibibi and climbed up into a tree.She lives at the National Zoo in Washington DC.And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on.And shes not the only one.In the moments before the quake,
32、 an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.“Its very different from their normal call，” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper.“The lemurs (monkey like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.”But you cant see or hear
33、an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you canif youre an animal.“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing，” said Brandie Smith.“Thats part of their special abilities.Theyre more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”1Why did Mandara act strangely
34、one day?ABecause it sensed something unusual would happen.BBecause its daughter Kibibi was injured.CBecause it heard an orangutan let out a loud call.DBecause an earthquake had happened.A根据第一段Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen.可知，一天Mandara表现得很奇怪因为它感觉有一些不同寻常的事情要发生，故选A。2According
35、 to Brandie Smith, Amany animals hearing is sharpBearthquakes produce two types of wavesCprimates usually gather together before a quakeDhumans can also develop the ability to sense a quakeA根据第五段“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing，” said Brandie Smith.“Thats part of their special abilities.Theyre more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”可知，Brandie Smith认为许多动物的听觉很敏锐，故选A。
