1、立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材2(2)立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材3阅读理解：归纳概括题的解题技巧 【要点概述】主旨大意题属于全局性的问题，通常就是文章的标题、要点、主题等。归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解，总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。要做好这类题目必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木，更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。找出主题句(topic sentence)是一个有用的方法。常见的命题形式有：立足教育 开创未
2、来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材4The main point of the passage is _.The passage mainly deals with _.The passage is about _.What does the passage mainly discuss?What is the authors main purpose?Which of the following sentences best states thesubject of this passage?The best title for this passage is _.A good t
3、itle for this passage would be _.立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材5归纳概括题备考锦囊：1文章的首句。因为文章的首句是文章的导入，点明作者写文章的意图、背景等。2每段的第一句和最后一句。因为每段的第一句实际上多半是每段的主题句，然后进行陈述或论述，逐步展开，给予例证，最后把该段内容用一句话来小结，所以每段的最后一个句子常常是该段的结论句。3全文的最后一句往往是整篇文章的结论或作者写这篇文章的用意所在。立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材64重点阅读那些观点性、归纳性、概括 性 较 强 的 句 子，特 别 是“信
4、 息词”(如：in a word,as a result,finally,inshort,but,however,in conclusion,inbrief,in summary)引导的句子。立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材7【体验高考】(2011北京卷)DAs the railroads and the highways shaped theAmerican West in the past centuries,a new electricalgenerating(发电)and transmission(输送)system forthe 21st century
5、will leave a lasting mark on theWest,for better or worse.Muchoftherealsignificance of railroads and highways is not in theirdirect physical effect on the scenery,but in the waysthat they affect the surrounding community.Thesame is true of big solar plants and the power linesthat will be laid down to
6、 move electricity around.立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材8The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地)offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinental railroads,leaving public land inbetween privately owned land.In much of theWest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredeveloped while others remained undeveloped,
7、andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresented unique challenges to land management.With the completion of the interstate highwaysystem,many of the small towns,which sprangup as railway stops and developed well,have losttheir lifeblood and died.立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材9Big solar plants and their p
8、ower lines will alsohave effects far beyond their direct footprint in theWest.This is not an argument against building them.We need alternative energy badly,and to really takeadvantage of it we need to be able to moveelectricity around far more readily than we can now.So tradeoffs will have to be ma
9、de.Some scenicspots will be sacrificed.Some species(物种)will beforced to move,or will be carefully moved tospecial accommodations.Deals will be struck toreduce the immediate effects.立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材10The lasting effects of these tradeoffs areanother matter.The 21st century development o
10、fthe American West as an ideal place for alternativeenergy is going to throw off a lot of power andmoney in the region.There are chances for that power and moneyto do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that theywill be spent wastefully and will leave newproblems behind,just like the railroads an
11、d thehighways.立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材11The money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs andthe institutions that control it will shape the West farbeyond the immediate footprint of power plants andtransmission lines.So lets remember the effects ofthe railroads and the highways as we construct thes
12、enew power plants in the West.()70.Which is the best title for the passage?A.How the Railways Have Affected the WestB.How Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestC.How the Effects of Power Plants Can BeReducedD.How the Problems of the Highways Have BeenSettled立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材12B 本题是主旨归纳题。通读
13、全文会发现作者讨论的是太阳能电站在西部地区的发展将会带来何种影响。立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材13【强化训练】(2011全国大纲卷)ASince 1984,Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act.Oneby one,graffiticovered walls are being changed into outdoor art.So far,more than 1,800 murals(壁画)have been painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any othe
14、r American city.The walls that were once ugly with graffiti(涂鸦)are now coveredwith beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art,thanksto the Mural Arts Program(MAP).Its work makes schools andpublic places attractive,and its citizens very proud.The programbegan as part of Philadelphias Anti
15、Graffiti Network.JaneGolden is the MAPs artistic director.“When people ask me whatour program is about，”she says,“I answer them with oneword:hope.”Each year,the MAP offers youth art programs andworkshops.Some onetime graffiti writers even help paint MAPmurals.立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材14The MAPs
16、 work,says Golden,is all aboutdeveloping a sense of community(社区).When aneighborhood requests a mural,the MAP workswith the people there to develop a message.Some messages have been“Safe Streets，”“Love and Care，”and“Peace Walk.”The MAP receives up to 50 requests formurals each week.Last year,the wor
17、kers painted140 murals.立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材15“The making of a mural enters peoplescollectivememoryasanextraordinary,pleasant moment in neighborhood history”says Golden,who began as a muralist in LosAngeles.()41.What can be the best title for thetext?A.Love,from Graffiti Writers to MuralistsB.MAP,a New Company in PhiladelphiaC.Jane,an Excellent Mural ArtistD.Hope,One Wall at a Time立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材16D 考查主旨大意。选择最佳题目一定要概括全文。虽然四个选项结构相似，前三个却各自说明了一个内容，D选项的hope是做这件事的目的，从第二段的项目经理的回答中可得出。立足教育 开创未来 高中总复习（第1轮）英语 全国 统编教材
