1、定语从句讲解The baby is Jack.I love him most.His trousers are red.He is wearing red trousers.The baby is Jack.He is wearing red trousers.His trousers are red.I love him most.3.Jack is the baby_1.The baby_ is Jack.2.The baby _is Jack.I love he is wearing red trousershis trousers are redxwhothatxwhosehim mo
2、st.xwhomwhom I love most.I love most.The baby who/that is wearing red trousers is Jack.antecedent 先行词relative pronoun 关系代词_relative pronounswho whomwhose that whichWhen we talk about peopleWe use who or that in an attributive clause instead of he/she/they.The man is friendly.The man _ is friendly.He
3、 lives next door.who/that lives next doorWhen we talk about thingsJack works for a factory.Jack works for a factory_.It makes shoes.We use that or which in an attributive clause instead of it/theythat/whichmakes shoesWhen we mean possession,I sat next to a girl.I sat next to a girl_.Her name was Luc
4、y.We use whose in an attributive clause instead of its/his/her/theirwhose name was Lucy1.Jack is a baby who/that is wearing red trousers.2.Jack is a baby whose trousers are red.3.Jack is a baby whom/who/thatI love most.4.Jack is no longer the lazy boy thathe used to be.主语(subject)定语(attribute)表语(pre
5、dicative)宾语(object)What does a relative pronoun function as?关系代词要在从句中充当成分.In attributive clauses,relative pronounsusually function as:1.subject 2.object3.predictive4.attribute5.adverbial xP.8_Combine two sentences:The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy who is smiling is Tom.The woman got the job.
6、We saw her in the street.The woman(whom)we saw in the street got the job.The girl her hair is red-is singing.The girl whose hair is red is singing.The book whose cover is blue is mine.The book its cover is blue-is mine.China used to be a poor country.It is no longer a poor country.China is no longer
7、 a poor country_.(that)it used to beHarry Pottera boy with glassesa boy who is brave and wearing glassesa brave boyattributive(用来修饰名词的成分)Who are you?Who are you?Who are you?Who are you?I am an astronaut.An astronaut is a person.He works and travels in space.An astronaut is a person.He works and trav
8、els in space.whoHow did you come here?How did you come here?How did you come here?How did you come here?I was sent into the sky bya space craft.A space craft is a vehicle (运载工具).It can travel in space.A space craft is a vehicle _ can travel in space.that/whichWhen did you come here?When did you come
9、 here?When did you come here?When did you come here?I came here on Oct.15,2003.It was the day _ I was sent into the sky.when Where do you work and live?Where do you work and live?Where do you work and live?Where do you work and live?space capsuleI work and live in a space capsule.It is a place _ an
10、astronaut works and lives.where1.An astronaut is a person who works and travels in space.2.A space craft is a vehicle that/which can travel in space.3.A space capsule is a place where an astronaut works.4.15th Oct.2003 was the day when Yang Liwei was sent into the sky.antecedent先行词relative pronoun关系
11、代词relative adverb关系副词antecedent先行词1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3.关系代词关系副词：引导定语从句的词。关系代词关系副词which,that,who,whom,whose等where,why,when在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语在定语从句中作状语Relative pronounsRelative adverbsS=subject,P=predicate,O=object,Attr=attributive,Adv=adverbialChina will successfully
12、carry out the Olympic Games in August which will become the venue of harmony,cooperation and victory for all the world.SPOAdvrelative pronounAttr clauseMain clauseIn the attributive clauses,the relative words usually function assubject,object,predicative,attribute,and adverbial.(P8)Read the article
13、on P9 and underline the attributive clauses in it.课本练习Paragraph 1：David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had.(The antecedent:the most helpful students;the relative pronoun:that,used as the object in the clause)In 1998,he went to Oxford University where he got interested in Chinese c
14、ulture.(The antecedent:Oxford University;the relative adverb:where,used as the adverbial in the clause)Paragraph 2:Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing,Shanghai,Harbin and Nanjing.(The antecedent:some of the cities;the relative pronoun:which,used as the object in the clause)Mo
15、st of the students that he taught have become his friends.(The antecedent:most of the students;the relative pronoun that,used as the object in the clause)Paragraph 3：Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students.(The antecedent:gifts,the relative pronoun:that,used as
16、 the object in the clause)The paintings that David donated to the school are being displayed in the assembly hall.(The antecedent:the paintings;the relative pronoun:that,used as the object in the clause)定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句限制性定语从
17、句的构成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.注意事项:1.从句的位置:2.翻译方法:3.构成先行词 之“.的”关系关系代词关系副词定语从句后置The day came at last when I went to college.He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only one of
18、 the teachers who comesfrom Qingdao.先行词和关系词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whosein the school=where关系代词实际上
19、是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质the machinea machine that/whichJoin the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw h
20、er yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl指代内容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法 人；物物人人(人/物)的主语,宾语 主语,宾语 主语,宾语 宾语 定语 作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省1.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.2)He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.3)This is
21、the pen(which)he bought yesterday.4)The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.2.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?2)The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind.3)The season that/which comes af
22、ter spring is summer.4)Yesterday I received a letter that/whichcame from Australia.3.who指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One.A person who steals things is called a thief.4.whom指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is M
23、r.Li.5.whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.3)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the boo
24、k the cover of which is yellow?Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl in our class?Her hair is very short.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。(1)限制性定语
25、从句中先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代词指物时。(something用that)Have you taken down everything thatMr.Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.referencereference(2)There be 句型中用that。There is a book on the desk that belongsto Tom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。Th
26、is is the first book(that)he has read.This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.This is the first time(that)I am in Beijing.referencereference(4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car?Who that broke the window will be punished?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?Who is the man th
27、at is reading the newspaper over there?referencereference(5)当先行词既有人又有物。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.Look at the man and his monkey thatare walking up the street.(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the last,just,right等修饰。Ive read all t
28、he books that are not mine.This is the very book that belongs to him.referencereference(1)紧跟介词作宾语(二单元语法点)There are many trees under which they can have a rest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中(三单元语法点)Football,which is a very popular game,is played all over the world.(3)作定语He may be late,in which case,we should wait for
29、 him.一般用which而不用that的情况。referencereference把下面的句子改成定语从句：1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.The eggs(that/which)I bought yesterday were not fresh.The friend who came to supper
30、 last night was not hungry.He prefers the cheese that/which comes fromhis parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.6.I know the boy.He can speak English well.The noodles were delicious that/which you cooked.I dont like the people who smoke a
31、 lotI know the boy who can speak English well.7.Mary bought a little bird.It was very pretty.8The season is summer.It comes after spring.9.I have a friend.His father is a teacherMary bought a little bird which/that was very prettyThe season is summer that/which comes after spring.I have a friend who
32、se father is a teacher10.That building is my uncles house.Its wall is white.11He is a singer.I like his songs very much.12 The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday.That building whose wall is white is my uncles house.He is a singer whose songs I like very much.The man(that/who/whom)I spoke to y
33、esterday was American.13I cant find the house.My friend lives in it14I know the boy.You are looking for him.15 This is the town.He was born in the town.I cant find the house in which My friend lives I know the boy that/whom You are looking for.This is the town He was born in.填空：1.Look at that lady_n
34、ame is Pochi.2.He is a teacher_I like very much.3.Those pictures_were drawn by Tom are nice.4.Those _will go to the park stay here.5.That was all the money _I had.6.Tom is the first boy_left the room.whosewhom/that/which/that.whothatthat7.Look at the boy and his dog_are coming this way.8.You can rea
35、d any book _I have.9.He did all/everything _he could to help me.10.This is the very thing _ I am after.11.We talked about the men and the things _we remembered at school.12.He is the only man _ can do the work.thatthatthatthatthatthat13.This is the first thing _I want to say.14.He is the finest man
36、_ I have ever worked with.15.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.16.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.17.Is there anything else _ you want to say?18.Any person _ has the money can join the group.thatthatthatthatthatthat19.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others u
37、pset.20.He opened the door,in front of _ sat a boy.21.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.22.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.23.That was the year_I went to America.24.we came to the town,_we stayed for 2 hours.25He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholar
38、ship for three years.whichwhichwhomwhosewhen/inwhichwhere/in whichhas been1 This is the most interesting film _Ive ever seen.2 He did everything_ he could to help us.3 The only thing _we can do is to give you someadvice.4 Later my father and Mr Smith talked for about halfan hour of things and person
39、s_ they remembered in the school.5 Who is the boy_ won the gold medal?thatthatthatthatthat6 They secretly built up a small factorywhich produce things _could cause pollution.7 She is wearing the same dress _ she wore yesterday 8 Which is the train _ is going to Shanghai?9 He wants to join the team _
40、 won the game.10 There is no road _ is impossible.thatthatthatthatthat11 Galileo built a telescope through _he could study the skies.12Football,_is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.13 Whats that_ flashed in the skyjust now?14 Here is the English grammar book _,as Ive told you,wil
41、l help improve your Englishwhichwhichwhichwhich15 People all like those _have good manners.16 Professor Smith is coming soon_ will giveus a talk on how to learn English.17 The aunt_ came to see us last weekis my fathers sister.Who Who Who 18 This is the boy _ father is an engineerThe house _ window
42、is broken is his.The house the window of _ is broken is his.The house _is broken is his.whosewhosewhichof Which the windowHe is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.(2002上海春)A.isB.areC.have beenD.has beenIs this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in
43、 his work?(2002上海春)A.he explainedB.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explainedQuiz I:Multiple choice 1.2.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy.(2007北京)A.that B.which C.what D.whomWomen _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.(2006北京)A.who;不填B.who;不填C.who;whoD.不填;不填3.4.Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?A.thatB.which C.the one D./5.
