1、Unit 4 Meeting the muse课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点描写人物的个性与品格(2)一、多样表达1rudeness n. 无礼貌；粗野；粗鲁2direct adj. 直率的；坦白的3wellinformed adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的4frank adj. 坦白的；直率的；真诚的5outspoken adj. 直言不讳的；坦率的；毫无保留的6ambitious adj. 志向远大的；有雄心壮志的7perseverance n. 毅力；不屈不挠8a wellinformed man 消息灵通/见多识广的人9a man of fine personality 个性强的人1
2、0a woman of engaging/fascinating personality 个性迷人的女人11have striking personalities 有突出的个性12an easy person to deal with 容易相处的人13a coldblooded man 冷酷无情的人14an outspoken man 说话直率的人15a goodnatured man 性情和善的男子 二、佳句观摩1He is an ambitious young man full of enthusiasm and vitality.他是个充满热情与活力的有远大抱负的青年。2Hes a cl
3、ever man but fails in perseverance.他是个聪明人，但是缺乏毅力。3Only ambitious students get the best marks.有抱负的学生才能取得最好的成绩。4He is not an easy person to deal with.他可不是一个好惹的人。5They said he is a pitiless, coldblooded fellow, with no geniality in him.他们说他是个毫无怜悯心、一点也不和蔼的冷血动物。6She was a woman of unique talent and deter
4、mination.她是一个有独特天赋和决心的女人。三、佳句仿写1It is easy to deal with someone who_is_down_to_earth和坦诚低调的人交往很容易。2Her manner of speaking is direct_to_the_point_of_rudeness她说话的方式直率地近乎粗鲁。3The purpose of education is to_develop_a_fine_personality in children.教育的目的是发展孩子完美的品格。4He is_very_wellinformed;_thats why he won t
5、he general knowledge competition.他的见识非常广博，所以他在常识竞赛中获胜了。5He is_frank_and_outspoken and never beats about the bush.他有意见就坦率地提出来，从不拐弯抹角。.阅读理解A语篇类型议论文主题语境人与自我学位取得艺术学位是否是无用的问题(2021北京东城区高三测试题)Once I told someone I wanted to get a masters degree of fine arts in creative writing and they told me it was the s
6、econdtoworst postgraduation plan theyd ever heard from a student.Arts degrees especially fine arts degrees, which usually come in the form of music, studio art, creative writing and theater have been, over the years, labeled useless.Its true that for the most part, STEM degrees lead to higher paying
7、 jobs than liberal and fine arts degrees, and its understandable why young people care about a higher starting salary and financial security.Student loan debt is playing a role in the physical and mental stress of young people.And while STEM majors usually have starting salaries that are $20，000 hig
8、her than those of liberal arts majors, by the time people reach the age of 40, the salaries between those who majored in the liberal arts and those who majored in STEM are virtually the same.For example, women who major in STEM earned nearly 50% more than social science and history majors at ages 23
9、25, but only 10% more by ages 3840, a New York Times analysis reporteDSo even in terms of salary, which doesnt solely determine whether or not a degree is useful, liberal arts degrees arent all that far behind STEM.It seems too that since people nowadays are going to have to work longer, its more im
10、portant than ever that we actually like and care about what were doing.Pursuing something enjoyable, or else a passion, is continuously found to be a key factor in maintaining healthy relationships, mental health, physical health and energy.In other words, not useless.Art is also a method of communi
11、cation.It allows people from different backgrounds, from different walks of life to communicate with each other.In a world where borders and division seem to be all over the place, we need art more than ever.We need liberal arts majors.And more than anything, we need to be able to pursue what we lov
12、e with confidence, and we need to not get caught up in the “usefulness” of what we love.And just because someones primary job isnt in their field of study a writer who teaches high school for example doesnt make the degree useless.It just means that their way of finding a stable income is different.
13、The same goes for artists who have to work multiple jobs to support themselves.They might have to find other means of supporting themselves and their artistry.It might be copy editing or it might be tutoring.So I am going to graduate school, and I am going to graduate school for writing.I might be p
14、aying rent by way of overnight restaurant shifts theres so much Im not sure of.But one thing I am sure of is this I would rather be a writer working two jobs to pay my bills than be no writer at all.文章大意：这是一篇议论文。文章中作者主要议论了艺术学位是否无用的问题，作者认为薪水并不能完全决定一个学位是否有用，学习艺术是有用的，是因为追求艺术梦想能使人保持良好状态。作者还指出仅仅因为一个人的主要工
15、作不是在他们的研究领域例如，一个在高中教书的作家并不会使学位毫无用处。1A New York Times analysis report is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to _Aanalyse the potential value of different majorsBput forward the opinion on majors by exampleCprove the argument against arts degrees wrongDdemonstrate the link between majors and incomes解析：C推理判断题。根据
16、第三段中 “So even in terms of salary, which doesnt solely determine whether or not a degree is useful, liberal arts degrees arent all that far behind STEM.” 可推知，在第三段提到了一篇纽约时报分析报告，是为了证明反对艺术学位的论点是错误的，故选C。2Why does the author think learning arts is useful?AFollowing ones dream of arts keeps one in good con
17、dition.BDoing what one loves builds up ones selfconfidence in arts.CMastering arts improves ones understanding of different jobs.DDeveloping a love for arts helps one maintain passion for work.解析：A细节理解题。根据第四段中“Pursuing something enjoyable, or else a passion, is continuously found to be a key factor
18、in maintaining healthy relationships, mental health, physical health and energy.In other words, not useless.” 可推知，作者认为学习艺术是有用的，是因为追求艺术梦想能使人保持良好状态，故选A。3The author thinks that doing multiple jobs is _Aunavoidable BcommonCtraditional Dacceptable解析：D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The same goes for artists who have to w
19、ork multiple jobs to support themselves.They might have to find other means of supporting themselves and their artistry.It might be copy editing or it might be tutoring.”可推知，作者认为做多份工作是可以接受的，故选D。4What can we infer from the passage?AStudents learning arts are more concerned about the value of life.BPe
20、ople tend to place income in the first place when choosing majors.C The man who doesnt love his work wont stick with the job for long.DGraduates can find a broader space of development in the field of arts.解析：B推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its true that for the most part, STEM degrees lead to higher paying jobs than
21、 liberal and fine arts degrees, and its understandable why young people care about a higher starting salary and financial security.”可推知，人们在选择专业时往往把收入放在第一位，故选B。B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会社会文化夏威夷语的复兴“Ma uka，ma uka ka ua，Ma kai，ma kai ka uA” So sing the children at a kindergarten on the Island of Hawaii.The song
22、is much like “Rain Rain Go Away” nursery rhyme，but it has unusual power：it is one of the tools that have revived a neardead language.The decline of Hawaiian was not，as is the case with most disappearing languages，a natural death caused by migration (迁徙) and mass mediAIn 1896，after American business
23、interests ended the Hawaiian original political system，schools were banned from using it.By the late 20th century，apart from a couple of hundred people on one tiny island，English had replaced Hawaiian and only the old spoke it to each other.The civil rights movement brought a revival of interest amo
24、ng the young，centred in the University of Hawaii at Hilo.Larry Kimura，a professor there，thought that the language shouldnt be only a subject at college; he and his students wanted to bring it back to life.The idea for how to do that came from a Maori，who suggested “language nests”，which had successf
25、ully revived New Zealands native language.In 1985，when educating children in Hawaiian was still banned，Kauanoe Kamana and her husband Pila Wilson，both students of Kimuras，created the first “language nest” at Hilo.Neither was a native speaker，but both were determined to bring up their children as suc
26、h.They gathered a small group of children，including their own son and daughter，and elderly native speakers.The movement grew: there are now 12 kindergartens and 23 schools involveDThe number of children being educated in Hawaiian has risen from 1，877 in 2008 to 3，028 in 2018.Along with Japanese，Hawa
27、iian is the nonEnglish language most commonly spoken among children.文章大意：夏威夷语的衰退并不是像大多数语言的消失那样是由于迁徙和大众传媒造成的，而是有其他原因。一些民权运动者决心使夏威夷语重新恢复生机。经过民权运动多年的发展，接受夏威夷语教育的儿童数量从2008年的1，800多人已经上升到2018年的3，000多人，并且夏威夷语已成为儿童最常用的非英语语种之一。5What makes the decline of Hawaiian different from other disappearing languages?AT
28、he number of its users.BThe language features it bears.CPeoples unwillingness to use it.DThe unfair treatment it receiveD解析：D考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知，夏威夷语的衰退并不是像大多数语言的消失那样是因为迁徙和大众传媒造成的，而是因为美国的商业利益集团结束了夏威夷原来的政治制度，学校被禁止使用夏威夷语。由此可推知，夏威夷语与其他语言消失的不同之处就在于“它受到了不公平的对待”，故选D项。6What has been done to save Hawaiian?AMo
29、re schools have been set up.BMore people are persuaded to stay.CMore children are exposed to Hawaiian.DThe government promotes the use of Hawaiian.解析：C考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段尾句“They gathered a small group of children.native speakers.”并结合最后一段表述的接受夏威夷语教育的儿童数量的上升可知，为拯救夏威夷语，已经采取的行动是让更多的儿童接触它(学习它)，故选C项。7How does
30、the author feel about the present situation of Hawaiian?ARelieveD BCurious.CAnxious. DDoubtful.解析：A考查推理判断。通读全文可知，夏威夷语从面临消失的状态(第二段最后一句)，逐渐发展到3，000多名儿童接受夏威夷语教育，现在已成为儿童最常使用的非英语语种之一(最后一段)，由此可推知，作者对夏威夷语目前的状况应是感到宽慰的。relieved“感到宽慰的”。8What is the best title for the text?AThe Revival of HawaiianBThe Future o
31、f HawaiianCThe History of HawaiianDThe Development of Hawaiian解析：A考查标题判断。本文主要介绍了夏威夷语从面临消失的状态发展为最常用的非英语语种之一，故A项最适合作本文标题。.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自我生活方式保持身体健康的三个建议As we all know，health is more important than wealth.Almost all the people value health most.1._ There are three things that a person can do to help
32、 stay in good shape：eat right food，get enough sleep，and exercise on a regular basis.2_ Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”Dont eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat.Instead，take in plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质)，like meat，fish，eggs and nuts.Vegetable
33、s and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals.Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important.If you dont get enough sleep，you feel tired and easily get angry.You have no energy.Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a chang
34、e of character.Be sure to allow yourself seven to nine hours of sleep each night.3._Finally，get plenty of exercise.4._ It also improves your heart and lungs.If you follow a regular exercise program，you will probably live longer.5._ Basketball，swimming，bicycling，running are good examples.Sports are n
35、ot only good for your body，but they are enjoyable and interesting.If you follow the tips above，you will probably live to be much older and wiser.AProper nutrition is important for good health.BThe body needs proper care in order to be healthy.CEating a balanced diet helps to make your mind active.DI
36、t is beneficial to your health to take exercise every day.EThen your body will feel strong and your mind will be sharp.FMost sports are very good for keeping the body in good shape.GIt makes the body strong and prevents you from putting on weight.文章大意：本文开头指出“健康比财富更重要”，接着分别从饮食、睡眠、锻炼这三个方面给我们作出了保持健康的指导
37、。1解析：B本空承上启下，引出文章的主题，故B项符合语境。2解析：A根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，此空为段落主题句。根据本段内容，尤其是“foods high in protein(蛋白质)”“vitamins and minerals”可知，本段主要讲适当的营养对保持健康的重要性。故答案选A。3解析：E空前一句是说确保七到九个小时的睡眠，故E项“然后你的身体将会强壮，你的思维会敏锐”符合语境，承接上文。4解析：G根据空后的“It also improves your heart and lungs.”可知，空处也应是叙述锻炼对身体的具体好处，故G项符合语境。5解析：F根据该段主题句中的“g
38、et plenty of exercise”和空后一句列举的多种运动方式，以及下文中的“Sports”可知，F项符合语境。.语法填空语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会社会习俗中国的阴历及春节Nowadays Chinese are using the solar calendar.But at the same time, Chinese are also using their own lunar calendar.Each lunar year 1._ (give) the name of these animals: the rat, the ox, the tiger, the hare,
39、 the dragon, the snake, the horse, the sheep, the monkey, the cock, the dog and the pig.This list repeats 2._ (it)every twelve years, 3._ is a main feature of the Chinese lunar calendar.Each Chinese month starts on the day of the new moon, and the full moon always comes on the 4._ (fifteen) day of t
40、he month.The New Year in China, 5._ (actual) better known as the Spring Festival, always falls 6._ January 21st and February 20th.On the last day of each lunar year, the Chinese will hold 7._ big family reunion dinner.All the members of a family, with the 8._ (except) of married daughters, will try
41、to be present on this festival occasion, even if they have to travel many miles 9._ (return) to the home of their parents.After the dinner, even children will stay 10._ (wake) until the midnight to welcome the Spring Festival.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。当今，中国人在使用阳历的同时也使用阴历。本文主要介绍了中国的阴历及春节的习俗。1解析：is given考查动词的时态和语
42、态。句意：阴历中每一年都会以这些动物中的一种来命名：鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗和猪。该空处在句中作谓语，此处为客观介绍中国的阴历年，用一般现在时；再者指“被给予”，用被动语态；主语为“Each lunar year”，是单数，故填is given。2解析：itself考查反身代词。句意：中国生肖年每十二年会自动轮换一次，这是中国阴历的主要特点。该空处作repeats的宾语，与主语同指一个事物，用反身代词，故填itself。3解析：which考查定语从句的引导词。句意：中国生肖年每十二年会自动轮换一次，这是中国阴历的主要特点。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一整句话，且关
43、系词在从句中作主语，用which来引导该从句，故填which。4解析：fifteenth考查序数词。句意：每个中国阴历月份从一轮新月开始，满月总是出现在每个月的第十五天。根据句意可知，此处指“第十五天”，而且设空处前有the修饰，用序数词，故填fifteenth。5解析：actually考查副词。句意：新年，事实上更是以“春节”而著称，总是在1月21日和2月20日之间。设空处修饰better known as the Spring Festival, 作状语，故填actually。6解析：between考查介词。句意：新年，事实上更是以“春节”而著称，总是在1月21日和2月20日之间。betw
44、een.anD. 固定短语，表示“在和之间”，故填between。7解析：a考查冠词。句意：每年除夕，中国人都会举行家庭的团聚盛宴。dinner是可数名词，此处泛指“一次团聚盛宴”，其前用不定冠词，故填a。8解析：exception考查名词。句意：除夕夜，除了已婚的女儿，所有的家庭成员会尽力参加这次节日盛宴，即使他们要走很多英里都要回到父母的家。with the exception of.固定短语，表示“除之外”，故填exception。9解析：to return考查非谓语动词。句意：除夕夜，除了已婚的女儿，所有的家庭成员会尽力参加这次节日盛宴，即使他们要走很多英里都要回到父母的家。根据句意可知，“行走很多英里”的目的是“回到父母的家”，设空处作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to return。10解析：awake考查形容词。句意：年夜饭后，连孩子们都会一直不睡觉熬到半夜来迎接新年。stay 此处为系动词，其后跟形容词作表语，表示主语的状态。wake的形容词为awake, stay awake 表示“保持清醒”， 故填awake。
