1、1动词ed形式作状语(1)动词ed形式作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。Translated into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.(摘自2011天津高考)被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。Given the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.(摘自2009江西高考)给予正
2、确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天会成为国际明星。(2)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词(组)常见的有：lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲),stationed(驻扎),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等。Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。2动词ed形式作定语动词ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系，并表示该动作的被动或完成。Mrs.
3、White showed her students some old maps borrowed from the library.(摘自2010新课标全国卷)怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。Im calling to enquire about the position advertised in yesterdays China Daily.(摘自2010北京高考)我打电话是想询问一下关于昨天在中国日报上所刊登招聘职位的情况。，3动词ed形式作宾语补足语动词ed形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。Michael put up a
4、 picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams.(摘自2011重庆高考)迈克尔把姚明的画像挂在床边，目的是提醒自己记住自己的梦想。Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.(摘自2010上海高考)Lucy很有幽默感，总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。4动词ed形式作表语动词ed形式作表语时，大多数是已形容词化的过去分词，如：seated,disappointe
5、d,stuck,excited等。In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(摘自2010福建高考)四月份，成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。Ladies and gentlemen,please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.(摘自2009四川高考)先生们、女士们，请坐着直到飞机完全停下来为止。1(2011全国卷)The island,_to the mainl
6、and by a bridge,is easy to go to.Ajoining Bto joinCjoined Dhaving joined解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：这个岛由一座桥和大陆连着，很容易去的。island和join之间是被动关系，故需用过去分词。joined to the mainland by a bridge相当于一个定语从句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge。答案：C2(2011湖南高考)The players _ from the whole country are expected to bring us h
7、onor in this summer game.Aselecting Bto selectCselected Dhaving selected解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：人们期待着从全国范围内挑选出来的运动员们在今年的夏季运动会上给我们带来荣誉。select(挑选)与其逻辑主语the players之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。A、B、D三项是表示主动的非谓语动词形式，故被排除。答案：C3(2012枣庄高三调研)_ what would happen,none of them could find a way out.ALeft wondering BHaving left wonde
8、ringCLeaving to wonder DLeft to wonder解析：考查非谓语动词。leave sb.doing表示“使某人处于某种状态”，根据语意可知，none of them与leave构成被动关系，所以用过去分词。答案：A4(2012烟台市第一次诊断)I wonder why Ann didnt get _ the job.She is the right person for it.Ato be offered Bto offerCoffering Doffered解析：句意：我不知道为什么Ann没有被提供给这份工作，她是合适的人选。get done表示被动，Ann与of
9、fer之间是动宾关系，故选D项。答案：D1动词ing形式作状语(1)动词的ing形式作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。More highways have been built in China,making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(摘自2011陕西高考)中国又建了很多公路，这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。The lady walked around the shops,kee
10、ping an eye out for bargains.(摘自2010江西高考)那位女士逛商店，留意着廉价商品。The news shocked the public,leading to great concern about students safety at school.(摘自2010重庆高考)这个消息使公众非常吃惊，导致了对在校学生安全问题的极大关注。(2)动词ing形式有一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完
11、成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。Having been told many times,he finally understood it.(摘自2009四川高考)被告诉了许多次，他终于明白了。The old man,having worked abroad for twenty years,came back to his motherland.在国外工作了二十年后，这位老人回到了祖国。Not having fully recovered from the operation,t
12、he patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.手术后还没有完全康复，这位病人被建议再住院两周。2动词ing形式作定语动词ing形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and weighing less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.(摘自2010浙江高考)交通规则上写明四岁以下的孩子和体重在
13、四十磅以下的孩子必须在孩子安全座上。Im afraid well have to work extra hours,for there are still some problems remaining to be settled.恐怕我们要加班几小时，因为仍有许多问题要解决。3动词ing形式作宾语补足语动词ing形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。动词ing形式作宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。Listen!Do you hear
14、 someone calling for help？(摘自2010湖南高考)听！你听到有人正在呼救吗？Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground.詹妮发现地上有一个钱包。4动词ing形式作宾语(1)常接动词ing作宾语的动词(短语)advise(建议),admit(承认),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),cant help(禁不住),consider(考虑),delay(推迟),enjoy(欣赏),escape(逃脱),finish(完成),imagine(想象),keep(on)(继续),mind(介意),practice(练习),su
15、ggest(建议),miss(错过),feel like(意欲),devote.to(把献给),get used to(习惯于),look forward to(期望),object to(反对),set about(开始),put off(推迟)等。I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(摘自2010上海高考)在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shangh
16、ai Expo during the vacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为上海世博会做些什么的会议。(2)可用动词-ing，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词forgetto do sth.忘记去做某事未做doing sth.忘记做过某事已做regretto do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾未做doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔已做tryto do sth.尽力去做某事doing sth.试着做某事go onto do sth.继续做另一件事doing sth.继续做原来做的事rememberto do sth.记着去做某事未做doing sth.记着做了某事已做mean
17、 to do sth.打算做某事doing sth.意味着做某事I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.(摘自 2009 陕西高考)我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。(3)动词want,need,require意为“需要”时，后面跟动词ing主动式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语区别不大。The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered.这些花需要浇水。(4)在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后面直接跟
18、动词ing作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则应用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。We dont allow anyone to smoke here.我们不允许有人在这里吸烟。5动词ing形式作主语动词ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。(1)一般形式Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。(2)通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语，动词i
19、ng后置。It is no good learning without practice.学而不用无益。1(2011上海高考)At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind,_ that he could do nothing to help.Ato realize BrealizedCrealizing Dbeing realized答案：C解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：我曾经下决心要和Sam叔叔谈谈，可后来我改变了想法，意识到他根本帮不上忙。空格处非谓语动词和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，
20、可排除表被动的B和D两项；A项不定式通常表目的，在此不符合语境，也被排除。2(2011江苏高考)Recently a survey_prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Acompared BcomparingCcompares Dbeing compared解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：最近，一项对比两家不同超市同种货物价格的调查引起了市民们的热议。C项为谓语动词的形式，故排除；survey与compare之间为主动关系，故排除A、D两项
21、，所以选择B项。答案：B3(2012临沂市质量检测)Mr.Li,_ his disappointment with our job,marched out of the room with anger.Aconveying BconveyedChaving conveyed Dhaving been conveyed答案：C解析：考查非谓语动词。convey(表达)发生在谓语动词marched之前，且和句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词的完成形式充当时间状语。4(2012西安第二次质量检测)There is a great deal of evidence _ that music
22、activities engage different parts of the brain.Aindicate BindicatingCto indicate Dto be indicating解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。indicate与evidence之间存在主谓关系，故用现在分词。句意：许多事实表明音乐活动需要大脑的不同区域参与。故选B。答案：B5(2012太原市部分重点中学联考)When I caught him _ to cheat me,I phoned my lawyer Mr.Black.Atry Bto tryCtrying Dto have tried解析：句意：当我发现
23、他企图欺骗我时，我给我的律师布莱克先生打了电话。catch sb.doing sth.为固定结构，意为“看见/逮住某人在做某事”。动词ing形式在其中作宾补。答案：C1不定式作状语(1)不定式用来作目的状语。作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往译作“为了，想要”。More TV programs,according to government officials,will be produced to raise peoples concern over food safety.(摘自2011重庆高考)根据政府官员的说法，将创作更多的电视节目以提高人们对食品安全的关注。To
24、be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.(摘自2009辽宁高考)要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。(2)不定式用于so.as to.;such.as to;enough to.;too.to;only to等结构中作结果状语。He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。点津 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别：不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的结
25、果，而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。It rained heavily in the south,causing serious flooding in several provinces.(摘自2010天津高考)南方雨下的很大，导致几个省发生洪灾。(3)不定式与形容词连用作原因状语。这些形容词主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened,angry,shocked,glad,delighted,disappointed等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original conditio
26、n.(摘自2010辽宁高考)看到寺院仍处于原始的状态，我们感到非常震惊。(4)在“beadj.(pleasant,nice,comfortable,hard,easy等)to do sth.”结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。In many peoples opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant to deal with.(摘自2010四川高考)在许多人看来，那个公司虽然相对来说较小，但与之打交道令人愉快。2不定式作定语动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。Many buildings in the city need
27、 repairing,but the one to be repaired first is the library.(摘自2010重庆高考)城市的许多建筑需要修理，但是首先需要修理的是图书馆。We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.(摘自2009山东高考)我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。1(2011北京高考)Its important for the figures_regularly.Ato be updated Bto have been updatedCto update Dto have
28、updated解析：考查非谓语动词。句中的时间状语regularly 表示经常发生，因此排除B、D两项；又因为figures 是被更新的，故选A项。答案：A2(2011安徽高考)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.Abreak Bbreaking Cbroken Dto break解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆问糖果制造商是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。beeasy/difficult.后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，故答案为D项。答案：D3(20
29、11湖南高考)The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.Aexpressing Bexpressed Cto express Dto be expressed 解析：考查非谓语动词。ability 后常接不定式一般式的主动形式作定语，意为“做的能力”。句意：表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。答案：C4(2011上海高考)Today we have chat rooms,text messaging,emailing.but we seem _ the art of communicating facetoface.Alos
30、ing Bto be losingCto be lost Dhaving lost解析：考查非谓语动词作表语。句意：现在我们有聊天室，能传递文本信息，还可发电子邮件但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。seem后通常用动词不定式，排除A和D两项；此处非谓语动词后有名词the art of communicating facetoface作其宾语，所以排除C项(被动形式)，故选B。答案：Bhave,get表示“使、让、叫”，后接三种形式的宾补。1have sth.done get sth.done使/让某事被别人所做；使某物遭受Every year,Tom remembers to have s
31、ome flowers sent to her mother on her birthday.每年，汤姆记着在母亲生日那天给她寄些花。Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.在度假期间，史密斯先生家的房子被人破门而入。2.have sb./sth.doing使/让某人/物持续地做某事v.-ing形式表主动，正在进行get sb./sth.doing使某人/物开始行动起来He had us laughing all through the meal.整个一顿饭他让我们笑个不停。点津 have sb.doing
32、用于否定句时，其中have有“容忍”之意。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。3.have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.使/让/叫某人去做某事Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。点津 have sth.to do“有事情要做”。在此结构中，不定式作定语。Im sorry,I cant go out with you.I have an urgent thing to settle.对不起，我不能与你一起
33、外出，我有一件紧急的事情要处理。1(2011陕西高考)Claire had her luggage _an hour before her plane left.Acheck Bchecking Cto check Dchecked 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在飞机起飞前一个小时Claire 对行李进行了安检。check 与 luggage之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式表示被动，构成“have 宾语过去分词”结构，表示“让人做”或“使被”。答案：D2(2010辽宁高考)Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.At
34、o recognize BrecognizingCrecognize Drecognized解析：考查非谓语动词。题干中含有“get sth.done”结构，表示“使某事被做”。句意：Alexander试图使他的工作被医学界认可。his work与recognize为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作宾补。故选D项。答案：D3(2012洛阳质检)Do you have anything _ for this weekend?It depends on the weather.Well go camping if its fine.Aplanned BplanningCto be planning Dplan解析：考查非谓语动词。anything与plan之间为被动关系，所以要用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语。答案：A
