1、.重点单词1forbid vt.禁止2mountainous adj.多山的3cruise n漫游，巡航4immense adj.极大的5remote adj.遥远的，偏远的6varied adj.多变化的7view n景色，风景8lounge n休息室9spot n场所，地点10fertile adj.肥沃的11pin n别针12stick vt.粘贴13influence n影响14torch n火炬15latest adj.最新的16naturally adv.自然地.重点短语1rip off 敲诈2get a kick out of 从中得到乐趣3be against 反对4take
2、photos of 给拍照5be good for 对有益6on the spot当场7in the distance在远处8be based on 以为依据9describe as 描述为10have an influence on 对有影响1forbid (forbad/forbade, forbidden) vt.禁止We forbid taking pictures here.我们这里不准拍照。I forbid you to tell anyone.我不许你告诉任何人。He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.他不准他们再提到这
3、个问题。forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth.forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事(1)forbid 一般不用于祈使结构；一般不接从句，而用复合宾语形式。(2)表示“禁止；阻止”的词，如 stop, prevent 等，常用“动词宾语from doing”的结构，只有 forbid 还可用“动词宾语to do”的结构。forbid, banforbid是常用词，指“禁止”某人做某事。ban语气较重，指权威机关“正式禁止”，含“严厉谴责”之意。The doctor forbids him to smoke.医生禁止他吸
4、烟。He was banned from driving for six months.他被禁驾6个月。I forbid my daughter to_go (go) out alone at night.2remote adj.遥远的She lives in a remote village.她住在一个遥远的村庄。He lives in a house remote from the town.他住的房子离城镇很远。remote, distant, farremote指时间或距离上是遥远的，也指在感情、兴趣等方面距离很大，还指关系方面的疏远。distant指时间、空间上的偏远，也可指亲属关系
5、上的疏远。far用来表示实际距离的远和时间的遥远，还可指引申意义的远。His idea was remote from reality.他的想法偏离现实。She seems to have come from a far country.她似乎来自遥远的国度。Peace was just a distant hope.和平只是遥不可及的希望而已。He studies in a school remote from his home.3spot nC地点；场所；点；斑点vt.认出；发现There are a lot of spots to visit in this old city.这座古城有
6、许多可供参观的名胜。He answered the question on the spot.他当场就回答了那个问题。We ought to find out the views of the people on the spot.我们应当了解一下在现场的那些人的看法。She had spots on her face when she was ill.当她生病的时候，脸上有斑点。She spotted her friend in the crowd.她在人群中认出了她的朋友。on the spot 当场；立刻；在现场spot sb. doing sth.发现某人在做某事When I pass
7、ed by, several policemen were on the spot dealing with the traffic accident.Though he hadnt seen her for many years he spotted (spot) her at first sight.4view nC景色；风景；观点；看法Theres a view of the river from my window.我窗前可以看到河上风光。In my view, we all have secrets.在我看来，我们都有秘密。In view of his condition, I do
8、 not think that he should go.从他的情况来看，我认为他不该去。in my view 我认为；在我看来in view of 考虑到；鉴于out of view 在视野之外view.as 把看作have a good view of看到的景色view, scene, scenery, sightview指在远处或高处从人的角度看到的 scenery 的一部分。scene指“一眼可以浏览的风景”，但多半包括其中的人物、动作和行为。scenery指某地区的“整个风景”，由多个 scene 构成的景色。sight“风景；名胜”，常用复数形式，指人文景观。Id like a r
9、oom with a view.我要一间可以眺望风景的房间。The sunrise was a beautiful scene.日出是一幅美景。The scenery of the Alps is beautiful.阿尔卑斯山的风景很美。I want to see the sights of Beijing.我想游览北京的风景名胜。In my view, modern music is pleasant.5negative adj.(1)拒绝的；不同意的a negative answer to my request我的要求遭到的否定答复I have a negative opinion of
10、/on the value of this idea.我并不认为这是个好想法。(2)否定的negative expressions 否定的表达6varied adj.(1)多变化的He led a full and varied life.他过着丰富多彩的生活。The weather in the mountains is varied.山区的天气是多变的。(2)多种多样的，各不相同的Varied opinions were expressed about the new play.人们对这出新戏发表了各种各样的意见。We can see varied goods in the superma
11、rket.在超市里我们可以看到各类商品。His ideas are varied (vary)1We have varied goods in our shop.You can choose whatever you like.解析：varied多变化的。句意：我们商店里有多样的商品。你可以选择你所喜欢的。2He has a negative attitude towards my plan，which makes me unhappy.解析：negative否定的。句意：他对我的计划持否定态度，这使我不高兴。3The hotel stands on a hill, from which we
12、 have a wonderful view of the whole city.解析：句意：这个旅馆在山上，从这儿我们可以看到整个城市的美丽景色。view “景色；风景”。4Youll get a fine view across the valley from the top of the mountain.解析：句意：从山顶你可以看到峡谷对面的壮丽景色。view 常指从某一固定位置看到的景色。5Smoking is harmful to health. It should be forbidden (forbid) in public places.解析：句意：吸烟有害健康，公共场所应该
13、禁止吸烟。forbid “禁止”。6To spend a pleasant festival, people werent forbidden to_set (set) off fireworks during the last Spring Festival.解析：句意：为了度过一个愉快的节日，上一个春节期间，人们没有被禁止燃放爆竹。be forbidden to do 被禁止做。7As to helping reduce poverty in some remote areas, I cant think of anything better than providing a proper
14、 education for the people there.解析：句意：说到帮助一些偏远地区降低贫困的问题，我想不出还有比为那里的人们提供适当的教育更好的方法了。remote “遥远的；偏僻的”。8He was scolded on the spot.解析：on the spot 当场。9When I was reading your essay, I spotted (spot) some mistakes.解析：句意：我在读你的文章时发现了一些错误。spot “认出；发现”，其过去式为spotted。1in the distance 远处的；在远处I could hear voices
15、 in the distance.我可以听见远处传来的说话声。We saw lights in the distance.我们看到远处有灯光。at a distance 隔开一段距离；在稍远处The shops were at a distance from where they lived.商店距离他们的住所有一段路。at a distance 可后接介词 of，表示距离是多少，但 in the distance 无此用法。The tower can be easily seen at a distance of 10 kilometres.这座塔10千米外都能看得见。The ancient
16、 temple in the distance looks more beautiful on the clear morning of September.The hospital is within walking distance (distant)2rip off 敲竹杠；敲诈Everybody else is paying less. I think weve been ripped off.别人付的钱都比我们少，我想我们被敲竹杠了。They really ripped us off at that hotel.那家旅馆可真的狠敲了我们一笔。All these travellers
17、have been ripped off by the travel agency.这些旅客都被旅行社敲了竹杠。While traveling, be careful not to be ripped off.3get a kick out of/from.从中得到乐趣I get a kick out of driving fast cars.飙车给我带来极大的乐趣。He gets a kick from skiing.他从滑雪中得到极大的乐趣。give sb. a kick 给某人以极大的乐趣do sth.for kicks 为寻求刺激而做某事give sb./sth. a good kic
18、k 用力踢某人/物The little girl got a kick out of playing the piano.1We were ripped (rip) off on the tourist spot and bought the expensive silver cup.解析：句意：我们在旅游景点被敲了竹杠，买了这个昂贵的银杯。rip off “敲竹杠；敲诈”。2Is raising cats really so interesting?Yeah, Ive been getting a kick out of it these years.解析：句意：“养猫真的这么有趣吗？”“是
19、的，这些年来我已经从中得到了极大的乐趣。”get a kick out of “从中得到乐趣”，为固定短语。3I think there will be another five miles until we reach the mountain in the distance.解析：句意：我想还有5英里我们才能到达远处的那座山。in the distance “远处的；在远处”。4The painting hanging on the wall looks nicer at a distance.解析：句意：挂在墙上的那幅画在稍远处看更漂亮。at a distance “隔开一段距离；在稍远
20、处”，为固定搭配。1Nearly 100 million people live here，most of them in the east.这儿有将近一亿人居住，大多数住在东部地区。most of them in the east 是独立主格结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构的实质是省略谓语动词的独立结构，独立主格结构作状语从意义上讲与“with宾语宾补”是一样的。独立主格结构的构成及用法如下：(1)名词或主格代词介词短语He came in，a book in his hand.他进来了，手里拿着一本书。He sat there，a pipe in his mouth.他叼着烟袋坐在那儿。(
21、2)名词或主格代词现在分词这种结构中名词或主格代词与分词结构是主动关系。He finishing his homework，they went out together.等他做完了作业，他们就一起出去了。It raining hard，we had to stay indoors.雨下得很大，我们不得不待在室内。(3)名词或主格代词过去分词这种结构中名词或主格代词与分词结构是被动关系。The work done，he went home.做完了工作，他回家了。He lay on the grass，his hands crossed under his head.他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草坪上。
22、(4)名词或主格代词形容词或副词这种结构中名词或主格代词与形容词或副词是系表关系。He came into the room，his nose red.他鼻子红红地走进了房间。The meeting over，they left.会议结束后他们离开了。大多数独立主格结构前面可加上介词with，从而构成“with复合宾语”结构，该结构主要作状语，也可以作定语。She lives in a house with trees all around.她住在一座树木环绕的房子里。Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms?你认识那位抱小孩的女士吗？With
23、the house painted white，we liked it better.房子漆成了白色，我们更加喜欢它了。They sat in the room with the curtains drawn.他们坐在房间里，窗帘拉着。He lives in a house with trees surrounding (surround) it.2The most famous river is the Yangtze，which passes all the way through the province on its long journey to the coast.最著名的河是长江
24、，在它到达海滨的漫长旅途中，流经这个省全境。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 the Yangtze；all the way 意为“一路上；自始至终”。I had to cycle all the way to work against the wind.我不得不一路顶着风骑车去上班。I will encourage him all the way.我将会一直鼓励他。Yao Ming played all the way in the basketball game.姚明自始至终参加了这场篮球赛。She lived in the south and came all the way to
25、 see her parents living in Beijing.她住在南方，从老远赶来看望住在北京的父母。He won the game, which made him delighted.3There are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it.几百枚小小的红色图钉钉在上面。本句采用的句式为“There be.过去分词”。句中stick 的逻辑主语为 red pins，两者之间为被动关系(red pins are stuck in it)，故用过去分词形式。此处的 stick 意为“钉住”。“There be.非谓语动词”结构属于非谓语动词用
26、法的一个分支。当 there be 之后还有其他动词时，该动词必须使用非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词形式应使用现在分词(表主动)、过去分词(表被动)还是不定式(表将要做的事情)取决于其逻辑主语，即 there be 之后的名词。There is a dog barking at me.有一只狗朝着我叫。(dog 与 bark 之间为主动)There were two men trapped in the flood.有两个人陷在洪流中。(men 与 trap 之间为被动)There is a lot of work to do/to be done.有很多工作要做。(不定式表示将要做的事情)The
27、re is a truck stuck (stick) in the snow.4Theres a saying in the travel trade that all tourists are ripped off.在旅游界有人说所有的游客都有受骗的经历。that all tourists are ripped off 是一个同位语从句，说明 saying 的具体内容。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如 belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，possibility，problem，promise，thought，truth，suggestion 等)的后面，用以解释
28、说明前面名词的内容。最常见的引导词是 that，此外还有 how，when，where，why 等。I had no idea that he had already gone abroad.我不知道他已经出国了。The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to peoples health.这篇课文告诉我们这样一个事实吸烟有害健康。He cant answer the question how he got the money.这笔钱他是怎样得到的，关于这个问题他不能回答。I have no idea when Jack wil
29、l be back.我不知道杰克什么时候回来。that 引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但不能省略。The problem lies in the fact that he doesnt realize that he is in danger.问题在于他没有意识到自己身处危险之中。He made a promise to her that he would marry her as soon as he came back.他对她许诺说他一回来就和她结婚。that 引导定语从句时，在从句中必须充当成分，若在从句中作主语，不可省略；若在从句中作宾语，可以省略。这也是与 that 引导同
30、位语从句的一个主要区别。Have you heard the news that our team won the match？(同位语从句)你听说我们队赢得比赛的消息了吗？The news (that) he told you wasnt true.(定语从句)他告诉你的那个消息不是真的。I have a strong belief that I can win the game.1The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else
31、on the sports field.解析：that 引导同位语从句，无意义，也不充当句子成分。句意：唯一最大限度成功的方法是相信你比运动场上任何人都好。2There is a boat tied (tie) to the tree.解析：boat 与 tie 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作定语。3The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，which he remembers starting as early as his childhood.解析：which 引导非限制性定语从句，代替上文中的 pa
32、ssion。4There are a lot of trees around our village, some measuring (measure) up to fifty metres.解析：some (trees)与 measure 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式，构成独立主格结构。.单词拼写1Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense (极大的) value to old people living alone.2At that time, the state law forbade (禁止) the teaching
33、 of evolution.3We can get a good view (景色) of the yard from the window.4This is the most beautiful spot (场所) in this area.5I never cycle up that hill; its too steep (陡峭的)6As my daughter works in a remote (偏远的) area, she has to cover a long distance to visit me every time.7Some animals spend their li
34、ves eating only one type of food. However, most animals have a more varied (多变化的) diet.8Sichuan is a mountainous (多山的) province, as we all know.9Naturally (自然地) enough, she wanted her child to grow up healthily.10Fertile (肥沃的) farmland mustnt be used for building.完成句子1His father forbids_him_to_play_computer_games/forbids_his_playing_computer_games (禁止他玩电脑游戏)2If you become noisy, you must_leave_on_the_spot (必须立刻离开)3The company really ripped_us_off (敲了我们一笔)4The boy gets_a_kick_from/out_of_swimming (从游泳中得到乐趣)5Dont_view_him_as_a_child (不要把他当孩子). He is 18 years old.
