1、81The summer vacation is a time to enjoy a change from the school year. Its a good chance to work on different activities that you dont have much time to do during the rest of the year. We asked about 2,000 people what they would do during the summer vacation. Most of the survey-takers（接受调查的人） agree
2、 that the summer vacation was a break from homework that they could relax.Alersles said, “At school, Im really tired. So during the summer vacation I can read books and do many outdoor activities. Amy is in high school. She sometimes works in caf. She told us its a chance to relax after a hard schoo
3、l yearsleep more, and see my friends more.She also asked them if they would be too busy or kind of bored. About half 52% of the survey-takers said they would be busy during the summer vacation, but still have time to relax and that is exactly how it would be.But not everyone said their summer vacati
4、on would be the right balance(平衡)between being busy and relaxing. Many thought that they would be too bored.How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on how old they are. Survey-takers in their early teens were more likely(可能的)to be bored. Among them,40% said they would be bor
5、ed and only 10% thought would be too busy.词语突破：vacation vken n.假期，休假; 古 空出，撤出，辞去;balance blns n.平衡; 天平; 平衡力; （酿酒配料的） 均衡;vt.权衡; （使） 平衡; （使） 均衡; （使） 相抵;bored b:d adj.无聊的，无趣的，烦人的;难句释疑：We asked about 2,000 people what they would do during the summer vacation.语法突破：句中what they would do during the summer v
6、acation为宾语从句。翻译：我们向2000个人询问他们在暑假期会做什么。How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on how old they are. 语法突破：句中第一个how 引导主语从句，第二个how 引导宾语从句，做介词on 的宾语。翻译：人们在假期里觉得无聊或繁忙的程度取决于他们的年龄。 82Parents of very young children know this: You catch your child in the act of stealing the cookie-the
7、 evidence of candy written on his or her face. However, you get a wide-eyed denial:”I didnt do it!”Learning to tell the truth, even at the risk of punishment, is an important part of moral (道德) development, and new research suggests it can take seven or more years for kids to get there.Early 2017 Pr
8、ofessor Craig E.Smith published a study. He and his workmates chose 48 children between four and nine years of age. They told the kids a story about a boy or girl doing something wrong, such as taking a classmates toy or candy, and then either lying about the wrongdoing to a parent or confessing (承认
9、) it. In each case, they asked the children, How would the child feel? How would the mother feel?The childrens answers answers were generally divided according to age, which is in agreement with the stolen candy, lying and getting unpunished. They imagined the parent in the study would be angry with
10、 the child who confessed. However, the seven-to-nine-year-olds were more likely (可能的) to think the child would feel better confessing the crime and that the parent would have positive (积极的) feelings towards a confessor.Smith says, “Kids of all ages who expect that a parent would feel happy about a c
11、hilds confession are more likely to tell the truth rather than lie. Reward the honesty even if you feel you must punish the wrong action.” He adds, what parents can learn from these studies is to listen calmly without getting angry right away when their child confesses.词语突破evidenceevd()ns n. 证据，证明；迹
12、象；明显 vt. 证明denialdna()l n. 否认；拒绝；节制；背弃wrongdoingrdu n. 坏事；不道德的行为Rewardrwd././././Youdao/Dict/6.3.69.8341/resultui/frame/index.html - # n. 劳经 报酬；报答；酬谢 vt. 劳经 奖励；奖赏难句释疑：You catch your child in the act of stealing the cookie-the evidence of candy written on his or her face. 语法突破：written on his or her f
13、ace过去分词作后置定语。翻译：你抓住你的孩子正在偷吃饼干-他或她脸上的糖果这个证据。Learning to tell the truth, even at the risk of punishment, is an important part of moral (道德) development, and new research suggests it can take seven or more years for kids to get there.语法突破：even at the risk of punishment 在句中做插入语；and 连接并列句，suggest “表明”。翻译
14、：学习讲真话，甚至冒着受惩罚的风险，是道德发展的一个重要部分，并且新的研究表明，要使孩子们实现这个目标要花费七年或更多年。 Kids of all ages who expect that a parent would feel happy about a childs confession are more likely to tell the truth rather than lie. 语法突破：这是一个以who引导的定语从句，从句中又含有一个以that引导的宾语从句，主干是个主系表结构。翻译：所有的那些期望父亲或母亲会对孩子的忏悔而感到快乐的孩子更可能会说真话而不愿说谎。 83Woul
15、d you like to experience what going to school was like in the late 1800s to start with, imagine everyone in school only one classroom.In the 19th and early 20th centuries, most American students went to a one-room schoolhouse. A single teacher would typically(典型地) have students in the first through
16、eighth grades, and she taught them all. The number of students varied from six to 40 or more. The youngest children sat in the front, while the oldest students sat in the back. The teacher usually taught reading, writing, arithmetic , history, and geography. Students memorized(记忆) and retold their l
17、essons.The classroom of a one-room schoolhouse probably looked much like your own. The teachers desk stood on a raised platform(讲台) at the front of the room, however, and there was a wood-burning stove since there was no other way of heating. The bathroom was outside in an outhouse.In Honeoye Falls,
18、 New York, there is a one-room schoolhouse where kids today can experience what it was like to the students in the late 19th century. For a week during the summer, they wear 19th century clothes and learn the way children learned more than a hundred years ago.What else has changed about school since
19、 the 19th century? For more information, please visit our website: www. L.词语突破：experience :ksprins v.体验; 经历; vary :verivi.变化; arithmetic :rmtkn.算术; stove :stvn.火炉;难句释疑：（1）there is a one-room schoolhouse where kids today can experience what it was like to the students in the late 19th century.语法突破：wh
20、ere引导定语从句 ； what引导宾语从句翻译：这儿有一所只有一个教室的学校，在这儿孩子们可以体验19世纪末的学生们是怎样上学的。84There are so many expressions in American English that sound pleasant (令人愉快的)but are not. Face the music is a good example. When someone says they have to face the music, it does not mean they are going to a concert Facing the music
21、 means to accept and deal with the punishment of an action. Americans often use the word face in this way. For example, I cant face another night of camping! Its cold and rainy. Or In life, you must face your fears. Face used in this way is very common.But now, lets go back to facing the music. Imag
22、ine a friend asks you to take care of her beautiful red sports car. She gives you the keys and says, Thanks so much for watching my car while Im away. But please, do not drive it. It is an extremely (极其) fast car. But you do not listen. You want to show off to some friends. So, you drive it around t
23、own one night. As bad luck would have it, you lose control of the car and drive it into a stop sign. Bang!When your friend returns you must tell her what you have done and face the music. The music here is the result of your actions.It could be losing her friendship or paying for repairs to her spor
24、ts car or both. Whatever the music is, you must face it. There are other American expressions that mean the same thing as face the music.To take your medicine means to accept the resultsfrom something bad you have done. And if someone says, You made your bed. Now lie in it. they mean you created a b
25、ad situation and now you will experience the results!词语突破：expression:ksprenn.表现，表达; 表情;concert:knstn.音乐会;punishment :pnmntn. 惩罚; result :rzltn.结果;难句释疑：When your friend returns you must tell her what you have done 语法突破：When引导的时间状语从句；must+do表示必须做某事翻译：当你的朋友回来时，一定告诉她你做过的事情。 85Cause and effect is one way
26、 to explain things that happen around us. Many things happen because something caused or influencedthem to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect. It may help y
27、ou to start with the effect and use your reasoning(推理的) skills. Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see.For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket. This is the effect. To look for a cause, think to yourself, “What would take someone put on
28、 a heavy jacket?” Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather. Maybe the person works in the penguin pen(企鹅圈养地) at Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold. All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.Now, t
29、hink about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teachers office. What are the possible causes? Maybe he bullied(欺负) another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!Here is another example for you to think about its cause and e
30、ffect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8-year-old brother, Doug, came into her room. He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while. Little brothers can be very strange(7),
31、 but this was really much too strange. Caits father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. Whats the cause end effect, could you tell?词语突破：cause and effect:.原因和结果 influence:nflunsn.影响; rink :rkn.溜冰场; hallway : h:lwen.门厅; 走廊，过道;难句释疑：（1）Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what caused or influenced them to happen.语法突破：it.be.adj.to do sth句型：做某事是.的；what引导主语从句翻译：有时很难观察一个原因并找出是什么原因或影响了它们的发生。
