1、高考英语深度阅读系列训练 第10课时编写说明学生在语篇限时训练中，对一篇文章没有足够的时间来细读，理解的不深不透，但是，对于选择答案的影响不是很大，读不懂的地方也可以猜出答案来，这样的训练叫做“考场式”训练；而在精读课堂上学习一篇文章的时候，从词句到篇章，从细节到主旨等方方面面，对一篇文章理解的很透彻，这叫做“精读式”的阅读。目前，在语篇训练中存在低效问题，这是因为学生无意识地采用了“考场式”而不是“精读式”的训练方法。但是，平时的语篇阅读训练毕竟不是在考场，除了追求速度，更要培养深度理解能力。应该将“考场式”和“精读式”训练方法结合起来，在语境中学习语言知识。本系列训练通过导读，突出重点单词
2、、词块以及长难句的训练，旨在培养学生深度精读的习惯，训练有效处理语篇的能力，在阅读训练中积累语言知识，进而提高语篇训练的效果。第一节 阅读理解 阅读下面短文,从短文后个体所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 If you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small fa
3、rmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）a
4、nd a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry. For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a loc
5、al Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per houra huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by handsuddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers c
6、ouldnt touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business. The sustainable success of small farmers, though, wont happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial facto
7、r is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.Another challenge for more than a million of
8、the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering( 多 于 ）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nations farmland in need of a new farmer, we m
9、ust clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nations food. There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland cons
10、ervation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.1.The author mentions car industr
11、y at the beginning of the passage to introduce.A. the progress made in car industryB. a special feature of agricultureC. a trend of development in agricultureD. the importance of investing in car industry2.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?A. Loans to small loca
12、l farmers are necessary.B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.C. Competition between small and big farms is fierceD. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.3.What is the difficulty for those new famers?A. To gain more financial aid.B. To hire good farm managers.C. To have
13、 fans of their own.D. To win old farmers support.4.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?A. Seek support beyond NYFC.B. Expand farmland conservation.C. Become members of NYFC.D. Invest more to improve technology.第二节 精深语篇一. 写出文中划线词汇在语境中的词义1. disturb 2. transform 3. combi
14、nation 4. sustainable 5. fundamental 6. crucial 7. established 8. unattainable 9. qualified 10. barrier 11. ensure 12. ambitious 13. innovation 二. 写出文中划线词组在语境中的含义1. get the best of2. clear the path for3.urgeto4. push for5.take a stand三. 词汇应用disturb （1-3 在横线上写出划线部分中文释义； 4 变换词形）1. If you get up early,
15、 try not to disturb everyone else. 2. Dont disturb the papers on my desk. 3. It disturbed her to realize that she was alone. 4. She felt when she heard the news. (disturb) combination （1-2 根据句意用正确的形式或短语填空； 3 翻译句子）1. These paints can be used individually or . 这些涂料可单独或混合使用2. Theory must be with practi
16、ce. 理论必需同实践结合。3. Marie Curie combined family and career.翻译：_establish （1 用正确的形式填空； 2-3 解释划线单词和短语）1. The committee was in 1912.这个委员会创立于 1912 年。2. By then she was established as a star._3. He is an established actor._四. 长难句分析及翻译要求：1. 划主干, 找出关联词, 判断从句类型, 弄清主从句的附属成分; 2. 翻译句子1. As the co-founder of the N
17、ational Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself,I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry. 分析：_翻译：_2. The sustainable success of small farmers, though, wont happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucia
18、l factor is secure access to land.分析：_翻译：_3. There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us.分析：_翻译：_4. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 分
19、析：_翻译：_第三节 模仿训练要求: 1.做阅读理解; 2.划出重点单词、短语以及句型，整理在线格处; 3.分析长难句阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted( 享有） a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dini
20、ng out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食）when their plates matched t
21、heir food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldnt tell how much theyd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than every
22、one else, but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage cus
23、tomers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）.When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled
24、 lemon, or no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spendingbad tables, crowding. high prices dont necessarily. Diners at bad tables next to the kitchen door, say spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not be overly concer
25、ned about bad tables, given that theyre profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.1.The underlined phrase none the wise
26、r in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were.A. not aware of eating more than usualB. not willing to share food with othersC. not conscious of the food qualityD. not fond of the food provided2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A. playing classical music.B. Introducing l
27、emon scent.C. Making the light brighter.D. Using plates of larger size.3.What does the last paragraph talk about?A. Tips to attract more customers.B. Problems restaurants are faced with.C. Ways to improve restaurants reputation.D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.词汇与句型积累：_高考英语深度阅读系列训练 第10课
28、时参考答案第一节. 阅读理解本文为说明文。文章作者作为全国青年农民联盟（NYFC）的联合创始人，分析了美国小农场的特点及目前美国小农场所面临的问题，督促国会对某些领域进行改革以支持美国国内小农场的发展1.B. 推理判断题。根据文章第一句话If you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.可知，一般人不可能影响到汽车工业，而根据第二句话的but 可知
29、，农业和工业是不同的，接下来就介绍了农业不同于工业的地方，故B正确。2.D. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per houra huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by handsuddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.可以，推知新农具
30、使小农场收获绿色蔬菜的效率提高，降低了收获成本，再根据最后一句But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.，小农场价格与大农场价格接近和小农场产品更新鲜的特点，这使得小农场相对于大农场有了一些相对的优势，故选D。3.C. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句话Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and
31、managers is a non-existent path to citizenship the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own.可知，新农民面临的最大挑战是无法获得公民身份，因此不能建设自己的农场，故选C。4.A. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek
32、policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds.可知，NYFC需要广泛的支持，包括要求国会增加农田保护，推动移民改革，寻求确保不同背景的新农民的成功的政策等，所以为了保证农业经济的可持续发展农民需要寻求NYFC以外的很多方面的支持。故选A。第二节 精深语篇一. 写出文中划线词汇在语境中的词义1.disturb 打扰；妨碍2. transform 变形；改变3. combination 结合体，联合体；结合，联合4. sus
33、tainable 可以忍受的；足可支撑的；养得起的；可持续的5. fundamental 根本的，基本的；必需的，必不可少的；不能再分的6. crucial 至关重要的，决定性的7. established 确立已久的，早已投入使用的；资深的，知名的8. unattainable 做不到的；难到达的9. qualified 具备的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的；（支持、赞同）有限度的，有保留的10. barrier 障碍物，屏障；界线11. ensure 确保，保证；保护，使安全12. ambitious 野心勃勃的；有雄心的；热望的；炫耀的13. innovation 新
34、事物，新方法；革新，创新二. 写出文中划线词组在语境中的含义1.get the best of 击败，战胜；对占优势2.clear the path for 扫清道路3.urgeto 怂恿；激励；催促某人做某事4. push for 奋力争取, 推动，促进5.take a stand 表态；采取立场，表示立场三. 词汇应用disturb （1-3 在横线上写出划线部分中文释义； 4 变换词形）1.vi. 打扰;妨碍 2.移动,弄乱 3.使焦虑，使烦恼 4.disturbed disturbingcombination （1-2 根据句意用正确的形式或短语填空； 3 翻译句子）1.in comb
35、ination bined 3.兼顾 establish （1 用正确的形式填空； 2-3 解释划线单词和短语）1.established 2.确立;使立足;使稳固 sb/sth/yourself (in sth) (as sth) 3.著名的;成名的;公认的三. 长难句解析及翻译答题要求：1. 画出句子主干；2. 找出关联词,判断从句类型；3. 弄清主句和从句的附属成分；4. 翻译句子1.As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself,I ha
36、ve a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.分析： 定语从句that are transforming the industry.修饰先行词the innovations翻译： 作为年轻农民国家联盟的创始人之一(NYFC,美国青年农会)和家庭农民自己,我在小农户之间的创新处于领先地位，这种创新正在改变这一行业。2.The sustainable success of small farmers, though, wont happen without
37、fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land.分析： though然而，不过，但是；介词短语without fundamental changes to the industry作为条件状语翻译： 然而，如果这个行业没有根本性的变革，小农户的可持续成功就不会发生。一个关键因素是获得土地的安全途径。3.There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy
38、, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us.分析： 第一个层次but连接并列句；第二个层次that连接定语从句翻译： 有一些解决方案可以照亮通往更可持续、更公平的农业经济的道路，但农民不能笨拙地把它们摆在我们面前。4.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 分析： With的复合结构：with接宾语，其补足语有to do;doing;done;adj;adv;prop六种形式翻
39、译： 随着一项新的农业法案将在国会辩论，消费者必须与年轻农民站在一起。第三节 模仿训练本文为议论文。本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅的一些错误看法。1.A 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线部分的前句they couldnt tell how much theyd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,可知，在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少，再根据划线后的句子they didnt feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert
40、.可知，他们虽然吃得很多，但并没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了，故A正确。2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D项文章没有提及，所以用排除方法可以选A。3.D 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spendingbad tables, crowding，high prices dont necessarily.可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子，拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。
