1、课时作业18Grammar语法专练(情态动词与虚拟语气).情态动词1We cant imagine that two children _be killed by the washing machine of their house.2One of our rules is that every student_wear school uniform while at school.3You_get the machine repaired this week. I wont need it until next month.4These grapes look really beautifu
2、l.They_！ See the price $3.99 a pound. Very expensive, arent they?5The deadline is drawing near, but I failed to challenge the task a third time._my brother have a try?6Liza_well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.7Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well, he_have gone
3、farhis coats still here.8Will the book I ordered arrive on time?It_， if there is no traffic jam.9You_have bought the book for me, but thank you all the same.10Have you heard of the news that Britains former Prime Minister, Baroness Thatcher, died on April 18?Yes._she rest in peace.答案与解析1should句意：我们无
4、法想象两个孩子竟然被家里的洗衣机绞死了。should 表示“竟然”。2shall句意：我们的规定之一是学生在学校时需要穿校服。在明文规定中，常使用 shall 来表示规定做的事情。3neednt句意：这周你不必请人修这台机器。到下个月我才用呢。根据题干中“I wont need it until next month.”可推知设空处表示“不必”。4should句意：这些葡萄看起来很漂亮。它们应该这样！看价钱，3.99美元一磅，太贵了，是不是？根据句意可以猜出葡萄看起来好是应该的，因为价格贵。5Shall句意：截止日期临近，但是我又一次挑战这项任务失败。让我的弟弟试一下可以吗？考查情态动词。sh
5、all 用于第三人称疑问句表示征求对方的意见。6may/might句意：莉莎很可能不想去旅游她讨厌旅游。根据设空处后的 well 可知本空填 may 或 might。may/might well do sth.be very likely to do sth.意为：很可能做某事。7cant/couldnt句意：你知道戴维在哪儿吗？我到处找他都找不到。噢，他不可能走远，因为他的大衣还在这里。cant/couldnt have done sth.不可能做过某事。8should句意：我订购的那本书会按时到货吗？如果不交通堵塞的话，应该会。根据“if there is no traffic jam”可
6、推知设空处表示“应该”。9neednt句意：你本来没必要为我买这本书的，不过还是要谢谢你。根据 but thank you all the same 可知此处表示“本没必要买但是买了”。10May句意：你听说英国前首相撒切尔夫人在4月18日逝世的消息了吗？听说了。愿她安息。may 但愿，表示祝愿。又如：May you both be happy！祝你们俩幸福！.虚拟语气1It_(be) cool if I won this contest. I dont think Im good enough, though.Give it a shot. You never know.2Did you m
7、ake it at last?Yes. But for your help, it_(cause) a serious loss.3Max looks nervous.So_you if you had so fierce a competition.4Its a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.I _(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.5They could have escaped from t
8、he big fire, but unfortunately, someone_(lock) the door.6Our company will organize a trip to Hong Kong next month. I am taking my mother there.Id rather you_(do). After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak.7We_(finish) the project on time without your timely help.8If
9、the world had ended on Dec. 21st, 2012, we_(be) able to enjoy the wonderful life now.9The Antarctic is so mystically described by some people. If only I_(be) there before!10I wish I_(share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at home.答案与解析1would be我要是能赢这场比赛
10、就太好了。但是我想我不够出色。试试看，很难说。通过句意和 won 得知，本句为表示将来的虚拟，所以设空处填 would be。2would/could have caused句意：最后你成功了吗？是的，要不是你的帮助，将/可能会有很大的损失。考查虚拟语气。本句为与过去事实相反的假设，所以可用 should/would/could/might have done 的形式。但 should 常用于第一人称，might 常用于可能性很小。3would句意：马克斯看上去很紧张。如果是你参加这么激烈的比赛，你也会紧张的。本句中主句和if条件从句都表示和现在事实相反的假设，可改为：You would al
11、so look nervous if you had so fierce a competition.然后考虑采用“sobe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”句型替换主句形式。4would/should have attended句意：真遗憾你错过了汤普森所作的有关英国文化的讲座。我本想/应该参加的，但是我正忙于准备即将到来的考试。根据题干中的 was busy 可知设空处表示与过去事实相反，故答案为 would/should have attended。5had locked句意：他们本可以从大火中逃出来，但不幸的是，有人把门锁上了。根据题干中“could have escaped”可判断该句为与
12、过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故设空处表示过去；lock 先于 could have escaped，即表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。6didnt句意：我们公司下个月将组织到香港旅游，我打算带我妈妈去那里。我宁可你不带她，毕竟她刚刚从病中恢复，身体还很虚弱。would rather 接从句的时候，从句的谓语用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟。7wouldnt/couldnt have finished句意：如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。without your timely help 相当于含蓄条件从句，即if it hadnt been for your timely
13、 help，是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词用 wouldnt/couldnt have done形式。8wouldnt be句意：如果世界在2012年12月21日灭亡了的话，我们现在就不会享受精彩的生活了。if 从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反，故答案为 wouldnt be。9had been句意：南极地区被一些人描述得很神奇。我要是去过那里就好了！If only句子(过去完成时)，表示与过去相反的假设。10had shared句意：我要是和朋友拼车回家就好了。现在他们都在家看足球赛了。在 I wish 后的宾语从句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的假设，时态要用过去完成时。.
14、阅读理解“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.45 percent of the species
15、 studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures. “We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller
16、while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we cant yet quantify.”The change was big in coldblooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles (爬行动物) smaller. An increase of 1 degree
17、centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢)Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recen
18、t report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton(浮游生物), the base of the marine ecosystem.Warmblooded animals werent immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar
19、 bears are smaller，compared with historical records. This is not the first time this has happened in Earths history.55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened
20、 over a long time than the current climate change.The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So，it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.1Which of the follow
21、ing would be the best title for the passage?AWhy do some species become smaller?BHow does temperature change in Earths history?CClimate change has many negative effects.DSpecies become smaller as climate warms.2The underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _.Abeaten Bincrea
22、sedCstrengthened Dequaled3Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that_.Atoo many studies on animals size have been doneBall the animals on the earth have become smallerChow climate change affects animals size has not been found clearlyDclimate change has more negative effects
23、on warmblooded animals4What can we learn from the passage?ABird have suffered more from climate change than fish.BClimate change have even affected plankton negatively.CColdblooded animals become smaller because of the lack of food.DThe warming event has never happened in Earth s history before.答案与解
24、析1D标题归纳题。从全文内容归纳可知D项为最佳标题。2A词义猜测题。从第一段内容可知 trumped 的含义为 beaten (打败)。3C细节理解题。从第三段内容可知C项正确。4B推理判断题。从第四段最后一句 There is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton (浮游生物).可知B项正确。.完形填空I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict. Im left _1_. Why do these people create
25、 mistrust and problems, especially with those from other _2_？I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s, _3_ children from different races and religions played and studied _4_ in harmony. At that time my family lived a stones _5_ from Ismails. And no one was bothered that Ismail was a Malay
26、 Muslim and I was an Indian Hinduwe just _6_ our differences. Perhaps, our elders had not filled our heads with unnecessary advice, well _7_ or otherwise.We were nine when we became friends. During the school holidays, wed _8_ the countryside on our bicycles, hoping to _9_ the unexpected. At times I
27、smail would accompany my family as we made a rare shopping trip to town. We would be glad of his _10_.When I was twelve, my family moved to Johor. Ismails family later returned to their village, and I _11_ touch with him.One spring afternoon in 1983, I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur. I _12_ my desti
28、nation. The driver acknowledged my _13_ but did not move off. Instead, he looked _14_ at me.“Raddar？” he said, using my childhood nickname (绰号). I was astonished at being so _15_ addressed (称呼). Unexpectedly! It was Ismail! Even after two _16_ we still recognized each other. Grasping his shoulder, I
29、 felt a true affection, something _17_ to describe.If we can allow our children to be _18_ without prejudice, theyll build friendships with people, regardless of race or religion, who will be _19_ their side through thick and thin. On such friendships are societies built and _20_ we can truly be, as
30、 William Shakespeare once wrote，“we happy few, we band of brothers.”1A.interestedBpleasedCpuzzled Dexcited2A.parties BcitiesCvillages Draces3A.why BwhichChow Dwhen4A.together BaroundCalone Dapart5A.drop BthrowCmove Droll6A.refused BmadeCsought Daccepted7A.paid BmeantCpreserved Dtreated8A.explore Bse
31、archCdiscover Ddesert9A.get through Bdeal withCcome across Dtake away10A.arrival BchoiceCeffort Dcompany11A.lost BgainedCdeveloped Dmissed12A.stated BorderedCdecided Dchose13A.attempts BinstructionsCopinions Darrangements14A.anxiously BcarelesslyCdisappointedly Dfixedly15A.familiarly BstrangelyCfull
32、y Dcoldly16A.departures BmonthsCyears Ddecades17A.possible BfunnyChard Dclear18A.them BthemselvesCus Dourselves19A.from BbyCwith Dagainst20A.still BotherwiseCthen Dinstead答案与解析本文是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文，主要叙述了从小作者和朋友虽然种族信仰不同，但他们求同存异和谐相处，多年未见依然相亲如故，最后文章升华，号召大家都这样去做。1C句后的Why反映了作者的迷惑，故答案用puzzled。2Drace人种，种族，3空后有照应，做
33、完形特别要注意前后照应这一点。3D此处when引导非限制性定语从句，说明那个时候不同信仰不同种族的孩子们和谐相处。4Atogether表示一起。5Ba stones throw直译为扔一块石头那么远的距离，现在常作固定词组，意为“一步之遥，近在咫尺”。6D上文中提到我们宗教信仰和种族不同但我们和平相处求同存异，所以此处用accept表示互相接受彼此的不同信仰。7Bwell meant亦是固定词组，意为“善意好心”，或许祖先并未在我们脑子里打上烙印什么好什么不好。8A我们会骑着自行车去乡下探险，explore意为“冒险，探险”。9Ccome across等同于meet with，意为“偶然碰到”
34、。本空结合上句，去乡村探险期望偶遇不同寻常的东西。10D我们很高兴他的陪伴(company)。11Alose touch with sb.和某人失去联络，因为我们都搬了家，故失去了联系。12A拦下了出租车先要说明目的地，state陈述，说明。13B我是乘客是上帝，故用instructions，即司机明白了我的指令。14D由于惊讶应是目不转睛，不可思议，难以想象。用fixedly“盯着看”合乎语境。15A被叫了小名，所以作者在异乡被如此熟悉地称呼也是很吃惊。familiarly熟悉地。16Ddecade十年，从第二段的1960s到本段的1983也可粗略得出应是二十多年过去了。17C彼此一种真正的
35、关爱却很难用语言描述的东西。18B照应前面的孩子，如果我们能让孩子做他们自己，彼此没有偏见歧视。19Bby ones side站在某人一边，支持某人。20Cthen然后，随后，用于承接上文，建立这样的和谐社会，那样我们会很幸福，是好兄弟。.语法填空Rachel：We will go on an outing next weekend. Would you like to go with us?Michael：I will be free then._1_are you going?Rachel：I think well go to the Western Hill. You see, its
36、spring now. There are wild flowers everywhere.Michael：Good idea. Thats a _2_(love) place. We can also enjoy fresh air here. There is a beautiful river. And I hear there are a lot of fish in it. It will be a nice place for _3_(fish)Rachel：So you can go fishing _4_you get there.Michael：Wonderful idea!
37、Rachel：By the way, _5_do you think we should go there?Michael：I think wed _6_(good) go there by bike so that we can relax better. You know we are _7_(stress) all the time. When shall we start off?Rachel：_8_(person), I think we should set out at half past seven on Saturday morning if the weather is f
38、ine.Michael：Ill tell _9_whole class about it this afternoon so that more classmates will join _10_.Rachel：Good idea. I think many more students would love to go.Michael：I think so.答案与解析1Where根据答句可知用 where。2lovely形容词作定语。3fishing动名词作宾语。4whenwhen 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”。5how根据答句中的 by bike 可知用 how 提问。6betterwed
39、 better do sth.我们最好做某事。7stressedare stressed 处于压力之中。8Personally副词作状语。9thethe whole class 全班。10us宾格形式作宾语。.短文改错In recent years many flowers shops have been appeared in our small town. It is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering, visiting a sick friend, or attend a wedding. I sti
40、ll remember clear one day last year when Tom, disabled student, presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude to her. He owes his entire life to his mothers kind and care. With her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight her disability. As a result of the great e
41、ffort what he had made, he was finally admitted to a key university.答案In recent years many shops have appeared in our small town. It is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering, a sick friend, or attend a wedding. I still remember one day last year when Tom， disabled student, presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude to her. He his entire life to his mothers and care. her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight disability. As a result of the great effort he had made, he was finally admitted to a key university.
