1、江苏省如皋市2020届高三英语下学期模拟考试试题（二）（含解析）第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分20分)第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is Lucy doing?A. Watching TV. B. Doing her shopping. C. Attending a concert.2. Where is the womans phone?A. On the table. B. On the sofa. C. On the bed.3
2、. Why is the man talking to the woman?A. To invite her to a party. B. To make a travel plan. C. To ask about her holiday.4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Salesperson and customer. C. Boss and employee.5. In which season did the woman get to
3、 Prague?A. In summer. B. In autumn. C. In winter.第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6. What are the speakers talking about?A. Seasons. B. Photos. C. Villages.7. Which photo does the man like best?A. The one ta
4、ken in winter. B. The one taken in summer. C. The one taken in spring.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What does the woman think of her best friend?A. Shes hard-working. B. Shes clever. C. Shes talkative.9. Whom did the woman visit during her last vacation?A. Her classmate. B. Her best friend. C. Her grandparents
5、.10. What do we know about the woman?A. She is good at math.B. She likes the novel about Anne Boleyn.C. She visited museums and palaces in England.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11 What made the woman dissatisfied with the T-shit?A. The name of the store on it. B. The stain on it. C. The size.12. Why cant the wom
6、an return the T-shirt?A. She has worm it B. It was bought too long ago. C. There is nothing wrong with it.13. What does the woman do at last?A. Keep the T-shirt. B. Pay extra for the belt. C. Exchange the T-shirt for another one.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14. How did the man learn to skateboard?A. He had a fe
7、w lessons. B. He practiced by video. C. His cousin taught him.15. Where does the man want to skateboard most?A. By the beach. B. At a city square. C. On a basketball court16. What does the man say about keeping fit?A. He finds it hard to work in the gym. B. He has changed his training routine. C. He
8、 should skateboard more often.17. What does the man advise young people taking up skateboarding to do?A. Focus on a small number of moves. B. Buy a cheap board to begin with. C. Have plenty of patience.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. How long will the writing remain perfectly clear?A. At least 3 days. B. Abou
9、t 20 minutes. C. Less than 10 minutes.19. What can make the writing disappear more quickly?A. Chemicals. B. Light. C. Heat.20. What can we learn about the newly invented paper?A. It can be used up to 20 times. B. It might make ink widely used. C. It will replace the ordinary paper.第二部分 语言知识运用第一节 单项填
10、空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Though his plan was a total _from established practices, the result was satisfying.A. substituteB. prohibitionC. departureD. judgment【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他的计划完全违背了既定的惯例，结果还是令人满意的。A. substitute替代品；B. prohibition禁止，禁令；C. depar
11、ture离开，违背；D. judgment判断，裁判。根据“the result was satisfying”和转折连词“Though”可知，此处用departure。故选C。2.An interviewee should be good at grasping every opportunity _he is supposed to show his best self to others.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个应聘者应该抓住每一个向别人展示最好自己的机会。先行词opportunity在从句中是抽象地点
12、，其后所跟的定语从句往往是陈述这些活动或情况中所发生的事情，应用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故选B。3.We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems _.A. to be settledB. to settleC. settledD. having settled【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。根据句意可知，这些问题是等待解决的，故用不定式作宾语补足语，不定式表示未发生的动作；problems与settle之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选A。4.-Its
13、a complete pity that you missed the wonderful lecture.-Terribly sorry! _my former colleague not come to me unexpectedly.A. ShouldB. WouldC. HadD. Did【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查虚拟倒装。句意：你错过了那场精彩的演讲，真是太遗憾了！非常抱歉，要是我以前的同事没有突然来找我就好了。根据句意可知，此处是对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，谓语动词是had，if可以省略，但是要用倒装语序。故选C。5.Teachers should be aware tha
14、t students may forget what you taught or what you did, but they will never forget _ you made them feel.A. whyB. howC. whatD. that【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：老师们应该意识到，学生也许会忘记你教过的知识或做过的事情，但是他们永远不会忘记你带给他们的感受。空格处缺少状语，即“你带给了他们怎样的感受”，所以要用连词how。故选B。6.I guess theres little chance that we can manage to change
15、 the present situation worldwide_, it is important that we try our best.A. FurthermoreB. OtherwiseC. ThereforeD. Nevertheless【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：我猜我们几乎没有可能改变目前世界上的这种状况，不管怎样，重要的是我们要尽最大的努力。A. Furthermore此外，而且；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Nevertheless不管怎样。根据句意并结合四个选项可知，此处用nevertheless。故选D。7.Its un
16、necessary that you complain about the power cut for _repair work about the line is being carried out for the coming hurricane.A. extensiveB. investigativeC. conservativeD. explosive【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你没有必要抱怨停电，因为正在为即将到来的飓风进行全面的检修线路工作。A. extensive大量的，广泛的，全面的；B. investigative研究的，调查的；C. conserva
17、tive保守的；D. explosive爆炸的，爆发性的。根据空格后的repair work并结合选项可知，此处指全面的检修线路工作。故选A。8.The cost of living recently _ steadily because of epidemic of COVID- 19, leading some people to drop out of the big city race.A. is climbingB. is being climbedC. has been climbingD. has been climbed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：最近，由于
18、COVID-19的流行，生活成本一直在稳步攀升，导致一些人退出了大城市的竞争。由时间状语for many years 以及逗号后分句的时态可知，此处表示过去发生并且仍在进行的动作，故用现在完成进行时。故选C。9.See things in a negative light and you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really _.A. noneB. no oneC. somethingD. nothing【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查不定代词的用法。句意：你用消极的眼光看待事物，你会发现到处都是错误，而实
19、际上根本没有什么问题。A. none无，没有；B. no one没有人；C. something某事；D. nothing什么都没有。none暗示一种数量，即在数量上“一个也没有”。故选A。10.Most spending that results in debt is like a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that _only to drag you down for years to come.A. sets offB. shows offC. takes offD. wears off【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数导致债务的消
20、费就像毒品一样，很快快感就会消退，只会让你在接下来的几年里萎靡不振。A. sets off出发，引起，动身；B. shows off炫耀，卖弄；C. takes off起飞，脱下，离开；D. wears off磨损，逐渐消逝。根据空格后的“only to drag you down for years to come”并结合选项可知，此处指很快快感就会消退。故选D。11.Kate lost all his three games to AlphaGo, worlds top human player _.A. although is heB. so he isC. as he isD. as
21、is he【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查倒装句。句意：世界顶尖的人类棋手柯洁在与谷歌人工智能系统AlphaGo的对决中输掉了所有的三场比赛。as引导的状语从句要用倒装结构，“名词+as+主语+谓语”。although引导让步状语从句，不倒装。故选C。12.-Sorry, sir, but Im still very concerned about my daughter.-Relax. Youll be glad to see she _to her new life the next time you come.A. accommodatedB. has accommodatedC. wil
22、l be accommodatingD. will have accommodated【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：对不起，先生。但是我还是很担心我的女儿。放轻松。你下次来的时候，会很高兴看到她已经适应了她的新生活。根据时间状语从句next time you come.可知，此处表示的是将来某个时刻已经完成的动作，应该用将来完成时。故选D。13.The doctor always seems energetic and he has even managed to pursue his diverse interests _ his fast-moving career.A. in
23、 recognition ofB. in parallel withC. in terms ofD. in contrast with【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个医生似乎总是那么精力充沛，他甚至能在事业快速发展的同时追求着自己广泛的兴趣爱好。A. in recognition of承认；B. in parallel with和同时，和一起；C. in terms of就而言；D. in contrast with与相比。“his diverse interests”和“his fast-moving career”表并列，所以用in parallel with。故选B
24、。14.Each member of the community should acquire good habits and _their behavior in an attempt to create a harmonious atmosphere.A. refreshB. regulateC. resembleD. reveal【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为营造和谐的氛围，社会的每一个成员都应该养成好习惯并约束自己的行为。A. refresh更新，使恢复；B. regulate约束，控制，管理；C. resemble类似，像；D. reveal显示，透露。根据“t
25、o create a harmonious atmosphere”并结合句意可知，此处指约束自己的行为，应用regulate。故选B。15.-Great! You look smart in that suit.-My mother gave it to me for the Spring Festival. You know, _.A. it is the thought that countsB. beauty is in the eye of the beholderC. each bird loves to hearhimself singD. the outsider sees th
26、e most of the game【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：太好看了！你穿那件衣服真帅气！我妈妈春节的时候给我的。你知道的，它物有所值。A.物超所值 ；B.情人眼里出西施 ；C.每只鸟都喜欢听自己唱歌； D.旁观者清。根据“You look smart in that suit.”并结合语境可知，此处要用物超所值。故选A。第二节 完形填空（共20题 满分20分 每题1分）阅读下面短文，结合语境从选项ABCD中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Throughout history, the world looks for heroes in times of uncertain
27、ty. But what makes a hero? A cape (披风) and tights?Heroism is something that every one of us can aspire(渴望) to, but not all of us will_16_. It takes a special kind of person to be a hero: bravery, compassion,_17_ and sacrifice.In a paper published in Review of General Psychology, researcher Blau, Fra
28、nco and Zimbardo agreed on a_18_of heroism: Heroes voluntarily serve others in need and are willing to make _19_for these actions without expecting any reward or_20_gain.Empathy and compassion for others are also common traits (特质) that all heroes seem to possess.People who become heroes _21_the peo
29、ple around them and are also able to see things from others_22_. They value the well-being of others.To be a hero, you must have certain strengths._23_ your good intentions, trying to be a hero in a_24_ situation when you have nothing to offer others may be foolish and could _25_ more difficulties f
30、or rescue workers. For example, first aid training or_26_of kung fu may be useful in certain situations and _27_ the path for heroism.Heroes _28_ give us our models of things that we aspire to do, said American psychologist Nick Carden, according to WALB News. Its related to courage, integrity(正直) a
31、nd honesty, Carden added.Even if you _29_ heroic traits, the right situation must arise in order to truly become a hero. Only when there are dangerous situations can a hero rise up to save the day. This is true bravery.Heroes are needed every day, and we can read about them in the most recent news.
32、There are _30_ who run into burning buildings to save the people inside. Doctors and nurses treat sick patients despite the _31_ of becoming sick themselves. _32_have changed lives by donating a life saving organ or just doing a favor when theres a need.Even though most of us wont save the world, we
33、 can work at developing the _33_inside of us. American actor Cristopher Reve-most famous for his _34_ as Superman-said, A hero is someone who, in spite of weakness, doubt or not always knowing the answers, goes ahead and overcomes _35_.”16. A. anchorB. acknowledgeC. appreciateD. achieve17. A. dedica
34、tionB. ambitionC. reputationD. restriction18. A. institutionB. reservationC. definitionD. routine19. A. preparationsB. sacrificesC. arrangementsD. allowances20. A. economicB. equalC. personalD. terminal21. A. care forB. have a go atC. count onD. have affection for22. A. identitiesB. descriptionsC. p
35、erspectivesD. similarities23. A. BeyondB. DespiteC. ExceptD. Through24. A. superbB. concreteC. optionalD. dangerous25. A. createB. mopC. accompanyD. resist26. A. adaptationB. knowledgeC. formatD. guarantee27. A. squeezeB. designC. paveD. occupy28. A. frequentlyB. apparentlyC. dynamicallyD. basically
36、29. A. ownB. equipC. absorbD. envy30. A. psychologistsB. firefightersC. supermenD. workers31. A. possibilityB. conditionC. affectionD. risk32. A. HeroesB. PatientsC. OthersD. Rescuers33. A. compassionB. inspirationC. nurseD. hero34. A. roleB. exampleC. dignityD. target35. A. somewayB. anywayC. at ra
37、ndomD. in particular【答案】16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了英雄的定义以及英雄需要具备的条件，英雄在我们生活中无处不在。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：英雄主义是我们每个人都能渴望的，但不是所有人都能实现的。A. anchor抛锚；B. acknowledge承认，致谢；C. appreciate欣赏；D. achieve实现
38、。由上文中的“every one of us can aspire(渴望) to, but not all of us will”并结合语境可知，此处指每个人都能渴望的，但不是所有人都能实现的。故选D项。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄需要一种特殊的人：勇敢、恻隐之心、奉献和牺牲。A. dedication奉献；B. ambition野心，抱负；C. reputation名誉；D. restriction限制，约束。由下文中的“Heroes voluntarily serve others in need and are willing to make _for these acti
39、ons without expecting any reward or_gain”并结合语境可知，此处应填英雄需要具备的条件之一：奉献。故选A项。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：津巴多同意英雄主义的定义。A. institution制度，建立；B. reservation预订，保留；C. definition定义；D. routine常规，惯例。后面的“Heroes voluntarily serve others in need and are willing to make _for these actions without expecting any reward or_gain
40、”是对英雄的定义，所以此处要用definition。故选C项。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄自愿为有需要的人服务，愿意为这些行为做出牺牲，而不期望任何回报或个人利益。A. preparations准备；B. sacrifices牺牲；C. arrangements安排；D. allowances允许，津贴。由上文中的“It takes a special kind of person to be a hero: bravery, compassion,_ _ and sacrifice”并结合语境可知，此处指愿意为这些行为做出牺牲。故选B项。【20题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：
41、英雄自愿为有需要的人服务，愿意为这些行为做出牺牲，而不期望任何回报或个人利益。A. economic经济的；B. equal平等的；C. personal个人的；D. terminal终点的，无可挽回的。由上文中的“without expecting any reward or”并结合语境可知，此处应用固定搭配personal gain，意为“私利”。故选C项。【21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：成为英雄的人关心身边的人，也能从别人的角度看问题。A. care for关心；B. have a go at尝试；C. count on指望，依靠；D. have affection for对有影响
42、。由上文中的“Heroes voluntarily serve others in need”并结合语境可知，此处指成为英雄的人关心身边的人。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成为英雄的人关心身边的人，也能从别人的角度看问题。A. identities身份；B. descriptions描述；C. perspectives观点，视角；D. similarities相似点。根据下文They value the well-being of others.可知，英雄也能够从别人的角度看问题。see things from ones perspective是固定用法，意为“从某人的角度看
43、问题”。故选C项。【23题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管你的用意很好，但在危险的情况下，当你没有什么可以奉献给别人的时候，试图成为英雄可能是愚蠢的，可能会给救援人员带来更多的困难。A. Beyond超过；B. Despite尽管；C. Except除之外；D. Through通过。由下文中的“may be foolish”并结合语境可知，此处指尽管你的用意很好。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管你的用意很好，但在危险的情况下，当你没有什么可以奉献给别人的时候，试图成为英雄可能是愚蠢的，可能会给救援人员带来更多的困难。A. superb极好的；B. concrete具体的
44、；C. optional可选择的；D. dangerous危险的。由下文中的“Only when there are dangerous situations can a hero rise up to save the day. This is true bravery.”并结合语境可知，此处指在危险的情况下。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管你的用意很好，但在危险的情况下，当你没有什么可以奉献给别人的时候，试图成为英雄可能是愚蠢的，可能会给救援人员带来更多的困难。A. create造成；B. mop擦去；C. accompany陪伴；D. resist抗拒。由上下文内容并
45、结合语境可知，此处指可能会给救援人员带来更多的困难。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，急救训练或功夫知识在某些情况下可能有用，并为英雄主义铺平道路。A. adaptation适应，改编；B. knowledge知识；C. format版式；D. guarantee保证。由上文中的“first aid training or”并结合语境可知，此处指功夫知识。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，急救训练或功夫知识在某些情况下可能有用，并为英雄主义铺平道路。A. squeeze紧握；B. design设计；C. pave铺；D. occupy占据。由下文中的“t
46、he path”并结合语境可知，此处指为英雄主义铺平道路。pave the path是固定短语，意为“铺平道路”。故选C项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：英雄从根本上来说给了我们想要做的事的榜样。A. frequently频繁地；B. apparently显然地；C. dynamically动态地，充满活力地；D. basically基本地；从根本上来说。由语境并结合选项可知，此处指英雄从根本上给了我们想要做的事的榜样。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你有英雄的特质，也必须出现在正确的情况下，才能真正成为英雄。A. own拥有；B. equip装备；C. absor
47、b吸引；D. envy嫉妒。由上文中的“common traits (特质) that all heroes seem to possess”并结合语境可知，此处应用own与possess意思相近，指即使你有英雄的特质。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：消防队员冲进着火的建筑物去救里面的人。A. psychologists心理学家；B. firefighters消防队员；C. supermen超人；D. workers工人。由下文中的“who run into burning buildings to save the people inside”并结合常识可知，冲进着火的建筑物
48、去救里面的人是消防队员。故选B项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生和护士不顾自己生病的危险治疗病人。A. possibility可能性；B. condition条件，情况；C. affection影响；D. risk风险。由下文中的“of becoming sick themselves”并结合语境可知，此处指不顾自己生病的危险治疗病人。故选D项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人通过捐赠一个救命器官或者在有需要的时候帮个忙来改变生活。A. Heroes英雄；B. Patients患者；C. Others其他人；D. Rescuers救援者。上文列举了医生、护士、消防员等，
49、所以此处应描写其他的一些英雄，所以此处应选others。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使我们大多数人不会拯救世界，我们也可以努力培养我们内心的英雄。A. compassion同情；B. inspiration灵感，鼓舞；C. nurse护士；D. hero英雄。由上下文多次提到的hero并结合语境可知，此处指我们也可以努力培养我们内心的英雄。故选D项。34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国演员克里斯托弗雷夫最著名的超人角色。A. role角色；B. example例子，榜样；C. dignity尊严；D. target目标。由下文中的“as Superman”并结合常识可
50、知，超人是美国演员克里斯托弗雷夫最著名的角色。故选A项。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：英雄是一个，尽管软弱，怀疑或不总是知道答案的，但不管怎样，他都会前进并战胜的人。A. someway 好歹，总算；B. anyway无论如何；C. at random随便地；D. in particular尤其，特别。由上文中的“in spite of weakness, doubt or not always knowing the answers”和“goes ahead and overcomes”可知，此处应用anyway。故选B项。第三部分 阅读理解（共15题 每题2分 满分30分）请认真阅
51、读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AThe QUIK-FRYTM Electronic WokIt is important that you read this carefully before first using the wok. Until you become familiar with the product, we advise that you can keep this handy and refer to it when required.IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS: In order to prev
52、ent the risk of electric shock. DO Nor IMMERSE the cord or the probe in water or any other liquid.Whenever he wok is used near children, it is essential that close supervision takes place Never leave the appliance unattended while in use. Before disassembling the wok for cleaning, SWITCH OFF AND REM
53、OVE THE PLUG from the power source. DO NOT USE THE Quick-Fry WOK OUTDOORS. Avoid touching hot surfaces; instead use the heat resistant handles on the wok or the heal-resistant plastic knob on top of the glass hid. DO NOT OPERATE NEAR HOT SURFACES such as electric hotplates, gas burners or in a heate
54、d oven.DO NOT COVER the Quick-Fry wok with the lid while using it to deep fry foods. Failure to comply will cause condensation to drip onto the oil and cause splattering.DO NOT ATTEMPT REPAIR of the Quick Fry wok. If the cord becomes damaged, or if the appliance is malfunctioning, do not operate. Re
55、turn the appliance to the nearest authorized service center for repair. DO NOT OPEN THE BASE OR TOUCH THE ELECTRICAL COMONENTS INSIDE. Tampering with the base will void the warranty.Manufactured for operation only from a standard domestic power source.How to Use the Quick-Fry Electric Wok:Be sure to
56、 season the wok before using it for the first time, Assemble the wok and heat to the highest setting. Rub the non-stick inner surface of the wok with 1 tablespoon of oil. Use thick paper toweling. and be very careful to avoid touching the hot surface.Cooking Methods:36. This text is most probably fr
57、om _ .A. an advertisement for the electric wokB. a cooking book designed for customersC. an instruction booklet for the wokD. a customer review of the wok37. One of the advantages of the wok is that _.A. you dont need to pay close attention to it when cookingB. you may remove its base when cleaning
58、the wokC. you can repair the wok by yourself when it is not working properlyD. you can touch the wok because it is totally free from heat【答案】36. C 37. B【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一种炒菜锅的使用说明书，介绍了其安全条款、使用方法和烹饪方式等信息。【36题详解】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“it is important that you read this carefully before first using the wok.”以及下
59、文列出的安全条款、使用方法和烹饪方式可知，这篇文章是关于wok（炒菜锅）的一份使用说明。故选C项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据炒菜锅图标注的“detachable base and easy cleaning”可知，当进行清洗工作时，锅子的底座是可以拆卸下来的，故B项正确。detachable表示“可拆卸的”；A项错误，在安全条款的第二条中就提到了不要让设备无人看管；C项错误在安全事项中也明确标注了“do not attempt repair of the Quick-Fry work”，故排除；D项错误，在how to use信息下也写明了避免触碰锅子的表面，故排除D。故选B项。BA ne
60、w study argues that peoples instinct to treat probabilities as evenly split when they are uncertain is widespread.In a working paper Benjamin Enke and Thomas Graeber, both of Harvard University, argue that the bias towards 50:50 has shown up in many contexts. One is decision-making under known risks
61、, such as gambling at a slot machine(老虎机). Economists have long realized that people are more sensitive to changes in probabilities the nearer they are to the boundaries of 0% and 100% For example, the chance of a big win of, say, $I million rising from 0% to 1% seems much more significant than the
62、chance of the same win rising from 20% to 21%. At the extremes, there is a tendency to compress(压缩) odds to evens.Other researchers have found that ambiguous risks have a similar compression effect: it can make people act as if they are facing known odds that are closer to 50:50 than might seem rati
63、onal, given the information on offer. Messrs Enke and Graeber argue that this tendency even shows up in surveys of expectations about the performance of the economy and the stockmarket.The authors suggest a new theory to explain this behavior: “cognitive uncertainty. It could be described as a simpl
64、e lack of confidence. If people know that they may not be doing the sums right, or that their memory may be falling them, or that they are not sure what their own preference are, then their choices depend on the information they are presented and more on a “mental default of equal probabilities.In a
65、 series of online gambling experiments Mr. Enke and Mr. Graeber show that the more uncertain people are in their judgements, the more likely they are to hedge their bets (几面下注)-even when they have access to information that should, in theory, be useful.Researchers have in the past suggested that odd
66、s of 50:50 are really code for “I dont know. Forecasters put odds on evens because words like probable and likely are interpreted very differently by different people. But numbers mean nothing without confidence.38. People tend to treat probabilities as evenly split when A. they are gambling at a fa
67、ir slot machine.B. the economists have realized peoples sensitivity.C. they are trying to earn more money in the boundaries.D. they follow their instinct for widespread uncertainty.39. We can conclude from the passage that the compression effect A. is considered very unique in extreme situations.B.
68、applies when people make predictions for economic performance.C. enables ambiguous risks to be clearer and more obvious.D. affects peoples answers on surveys of the stockmarket.40. According to the passage, if people lack confidence and certainty, they may_ when they are making decisions.A. depend o
69、n equalityB. miss useful informationC forget things more easilyD. make mistakes in their calculations41. Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To explain the application of odds and evens.B. To offer tips on promoting peoples confidence.C. To introduce a new study about odds and evens
70、.D. To propose a new theory about cognitive uncertainty.【答案】38. A 39. B 40. B 41. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了关于“50:50”概率的研究，具体指出了五五开现象出现的情境、所带来的压缩效应、五五开现象产生的原因等。【38题详解】细节理解题。定位到第一段“treat probabilities as evenly split when they are uncertain”可知，一般人们是在他们不确定的时候进行五五开概率选择。第二段，学者的论文报告中指出这种现象出现在很多情况下，根据“such as
71、gambling at a fair slot machine”可知，A选项符合题意。故选A项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据compression effect定位到第三段“this tendency even shows up in surveys of expectations about the performance of the economy and the stockmarket.”可知，五五开带来的压缩效应甚至在经济和股市表现预测调查中也有所体现。故选B项。【40题详解】细节理解题。定位到第四段“then their choices depend less on the in
72、formation they are presented and more on a “mental default” of equal probabilities.”可知，人们的选择会更少地依赖现有的信息，而更多依赖“心里默认”的同等的概率。也就是说，他们可能会错过有用的信息，而选择内心的五五开的概率。故选B项。【41题详解】推理判断题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了关于“50:50”概率的研究，具体指出了五五开现象出现的情境、所带来的压缩效应、五五开现象产生的原因等。由此可知，C项“为了介绍概率和均等性的研究”概括了本文的中心内容。故选C项。CGetting away may be good
73、 for your soul-but is it good for everyone else?-By BEN HEALYIf you feel like you need a vacation, youre almost certainly right Americans get far fewer paid days off than workers in petty much any other industrialized democracy and the time we actually take off has declined significantly, from 20.3
74、days in 1987 to 17.2 days in 2017.Beyond souvenirs and suntans, the best reason to take a break may be your own health. For the Helsinki Businessmen Study- 40-year cardiovascular (心血管的) health study that also happens to be the working title of the solo album Ill probably never get around 10 recordin
75、g -researchers treated men at risk of heart disease. From 1974 to 2004 those men who took atl east three weeks of vacation were 379% less likely to die than those who t fewer weeks off.Even if we dont view time of as a matter of life and death, people who take more of their allotted vacation time te
76、nd to find their work more meaningful. Vacation can yield other benefits, too: People who took all or most of their paid vacation time to travel were more likely than others to report a recent raise or bonus.And time not taken depresses more than individual career prospects In 2017, the average us w
77、orker left six paid vacation days unused, which works out to 705 million days of travel nationally, enough to support 1.9 million travel-related jobs.From longevity to career growth to macroeconomic achievements, the cease for vacation seems open-and shut. Yet the pictures not entirely rosy. Tourism
78、s carbon footprint grew four times as much as expected from 2009 to 2013, and accounted for 8 percent of all greenhouse gas emission in that period. Whats more, the travel industry is expected to consume 92 percent more water in 2050 than it did in 2010, and 189 percent more land. In other environme
79、ntal news, people are less likely too recycle while on vacation (both because they are unsure how to, and because getting away with things seems to be a key part of getting away from it all)The frisson(短暂的、突然的兴奋或恐惧) of pitching plastic is not the only thrill tempting travelers. Interviews wit touris
80、ts returning from various international destinations revealed that they used more drugs while on vacation than in everyday life. Other studies have found that people are more likely to eat with abandon while traveling: On vacations of one to three weeks, tourists gain an average of 0.7 pounds, a sig
81、nificant portion of average annual weight gain. Finally, a 2015 study found that travel and leisure provoked envy-perhaps the single most toxic substance known to man-more than any other attribute( 特性) examined (including relationship and family, appearance and “money and material possessions). The
82、effect may be especially severe on social media: 62% of people who described Facebook-caused bouts(发作) of jealousy said theyd been triggered by travel or leisure experiences-versus less than a quarter of people whose envy had been piqued(激起) in person.So for your own health and sanity(心智健全)，book tha
83、t vacation. But for everyone elses, please travel as sustainably as you can, and take it easy with the Instagram.42. From the first there paragraphs, we can learn that _.A. souvenirs and suntans are not what people want when they go on vacationB. not using paid vacation days has little impact on a p
84、ersons career prospectC. the time Americans spend on vacation has decreased by about three days from 1987 to 2017D. the man in Helsinki Businessmen Study are more likely than others to take a vacation43. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “open-and shut in paragraph
85、5?A. tricky and challengingB. uncertain and doubtfulC. interesting and inspiringD. obvious and straightforward44. Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. People are more likely to gain weight when they take a vacationB. The booming of the tourist industry contributes to the acceleration of g
86、lobal warmingC. The thrill of throwing plastic tempts travelers to travel more oftenD. Travel and leisure lead to more envious feelings compared with appearance or wealth45. It can be concluded that the authors tone in this passage is_.A. objectiveB. skepticalC. sympatheticD. admiring【答案】42. C 43. D
87、 44. C 45. A【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要论述了假期的积极作用和负面影响，并在最后一段总结，从身心角度建议度假，而从全人类的角度，建议适度、可持续地旅行。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Americans get far fewer and the time we actually take off has declined significantly, from the 20.3 days in 1987 to 17.2 days in 2017.” 可知，美国人的假期时间从1987年的20.3天减少到2017年的17.2天，减少了大约三天，故C项正确。A项原文中并未提
88、及人们不再喜爱，排除；B项在第三段描述了假期对人的工作的积极影响，故排除；D项原文中是说在Helsinki的研究中，多休假的男人比少休假的人减少了死亡的可能性，与D项不符，排除。故选C项。【43题详解】词义猜测题。前文叙述了度假给人的健康、职业成长、宏观经济带来的积极影响，而划线词后面的“yet”表转折，”not entirely rosy（不是完全乐观的）”可知，此处是与前面的总结形成反差对比的，后面的内容也呈现了假期带来的负面影响。所以“the case for vacation open-and-shut”可以确定的是积极的修饰语，故排除A,B项。另外根据open的基本含义以及前文，可以
89、推测这里指的是假期的原因是显而易见的，作为前面积极影响的总结，故选D。C项描述词不是很恰当，在文章中未体现出来。故选D项。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段可知，旅游业的蓬勃发展，使资源浪费，大大增加了温室气体排放，故B项正确，排除；根据第六段第四、五行可知，人们在旅游期间往往尽情地吃，几个星期增加的体重，占了年平均增长的很大一部分，故A项正确，排除。第六段的第六行指出，由假期引起的嫉妒，相较其他特性（包括家庭关系、外貌和金钱物质财富）也许对人类来说是最厉害的特性，故D项正确，排除；C项原文中未提及。故选C项。【45题详解】推理判断题。本文作者的态度较为明晰，既客观介绍了假期的积极影响，也指
90、出了其负面影响，并在最后一段总结，从身心角度建议度假，而从全人类的角度，建议适度、可持续地进行。故作者的态度是客观的。故选A项。DThe phrase digital nomads(游民) suggests joyful people who escape their daily work to travel the world, working with laptops on beaches. Relevant statistics regularly made the headline: “There will be one billion digital nomads by 2035.I
91、 started researching digital nomads in 2015, and it took me three years to develop an understanding of what might be going on. Ive met hundreds of people who think of themselves as digital nomads and many more who have dreamed about becoming one. The first thing I learned is that how people feel abo
92、ut the label “digital nomad changes over time. People starting out often assume its a permanent lifestyle, but thats rarely the case. One of my respondents explained, “I dont go around calling myself a digital nomad now. Its a bit silly. Indeed, theres still debate about whether its a buzzword(时髦用语)
93、 or a real phenomenon. Some have even tried to figure out how “authentic a digital nomad is, by how much they move from place to place. And there has been heated debate online about whos a real digital nomad, and who is merely self-promoting.Most of the digital nomads I spoke to, who once had well-p
94、aid jobs, told me that they were escaping from deeply-rooted problems in the contemporary Western workplace. One of my respondents, Zeb, was working three restaurant jobs to pay the rent in San Francisco. The city sucked up all his time and money. This made him abandon his plans to sell recycled pro
95、ducts online. Swapping expensive California for affordable South-East Asia helped Zeb to launch his own business. Lisette a skilled translator from Hamburg, Germany, is able to produce high-quality work quickly. She soon tired of the culture of presenteeism (出勤主义) at her workplace. She explained, “I
96、m efficient and I like to get the work done and leave on time. :Others were obviously scared to leave first, so they would sit at their desks and play with their computers.Nearly 40% of British adults believe their jobs dont make sense. Their housing is of poor quality and too expensive, and the eco
97、nomies dont provide young people with wages they can live on. With these challenges, its hardly surprising that those new to the world are already desperate to escape. Yet there are certain complexities that come with living as a citizen of the world. As Lsstte said, Digital nomads can quickly becom
98、e isolated. Digital nomads have to shoulder responsibility for almost every aspect of modern life: their mental health, daily routine, income, safety and shelter. Most digital nomads travel on tourist visas, which requires them to move regularly -an experience my participants have described as disor
99、ienting (使人迷失方向的).For those digital nomads who make a living as professional bloggers, its also part of their job to sell the life-style. As a result, many try to present a stable and happy image online. Lissette explained, There s a danger-when my aunt sees my picture online, she thinks that everyt
100、hing looks so happy here on the beach. Of course, my digital identity always looks happier than my real life. But at some point, most of my research participants feel sorrow for the loss of some aspects, such as location dependence, regular work hours. or an office party. They miss some of the thing
101、s they were escaping. Many nomads Ive interviewed just pack up and go home without telling anyone. Being a digital nomad can be rewarding and offers an escape from the boring office hour. But its important that digital nomads think deeply about the importance of community and mental health in their
102、lives. Freedom does not mean the same thing for everyone.46. What does the author think of digital nomads?A. Easy to get on with.B. Difficult to define.C Extremely popular.D. About to disappear.47. What led Lissette to escape from her workplace?A. Fierce competition.B. Economic pressure.C. Rigid wor
103、king system.D. Violation of personal space.48. What is an attractive aspect of being a digital nomad according to paragraph 4?A. Travelling the world.B. Enjoying more free time.C. Receiving steady incomes.D. Being free from real-life pressures.49. What does the author advise us to do in the last par
104、agraph?A. Think twice before becoming a digital nomad.B. Share your real life and job on the Internet.C. Have a much more comfortable lifestyle.D. Resign from a dead-end job as soon as possible.50. What would be the best title of the passage?A. Digital nomads: what future jobs will be likeB. Digital
105、 nomads: a trend that will take over the worldC. Digital nomads: an effective way to escape your everyday workD. Digital nomads: what its really like to work while traveling the world【答案】46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要论述了关于数字游民这种新兴职业的情况，包括具体含义和内容、一些真实的“数字游民”的感受、出现的原因和优势以及缺点。【46题详解】推理判
106、断题。根据第二段第一句“it took me three years to develop an understanding of what might be going on ”可知，作者花了三年的时间才对“数字游民”的意义有所了解；第二段倒数第四句“indeed, theres still debate about whether its a buzzword or a real phenomenon”可知，对于数字游民这个词外界也还是有争议的，故选B，作者认为数字游民很难定义。A项easy to get on with意为“容易相处”， 第四段中的“Digital nomads can
107、quickly become isolated.”可知，数字游民很好相处与原文不符，排除。C项extremely用词不对，文章中的描述是“hundreds of”，且文章开头的预测也是未来的，不是现在，排除。根据第一段中的“There will be one billion digital nomads by 2035”可知，D项显然与情况相反，数字游民是一个新兴的人群。故选B项。【47题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第三行“she soon tired of the culture of presenteeism”可知，Lissette是一个工作高效率的人，她希望的是做完工作就能走，而不是
108、固定的出勤时间，一定要像同事一样等到下班才走。故选C项。【48题详解】细节理解题。第四段中对人们原来的工作描述，“the housing is of poor quality and too expensive”,“provide young people with wages they can live on”住房问题和薪水问题让人们选择逃离这种生活；以及Lissette说到“Digital nomads can quickly become isolated”可知，数字游民可以迅速摆脱现实生活的压力，故选D。A项第四段末句说到，定期旅游也会让人有迷失方向的感受，故不算优势，排除。B,C未提
109、到。故选D项。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“but its important that digital nomads think deeply about the importance of community and metal health in their lives. Freedom does not mean the same thing for everyone.”可知，作为数字游民要深入思考社会和他们身心健康的重要性，自由对每个人来说意义不同。由此可知，作者认为成为数字游民还是要深思的。故选A项。【50题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文主要论述的是关于数字
110、游民这种新兴职业的情况，包括具体含义和内容、一些真实的“数字游民”的感受、出现的原因和优势以及缺点。A,B项只是作为由头引出文章的，不是主要内容，排除。C项通过全文（特别是最后一段）可知，作者对于这种职业的态度，不算是非常认可，因此这类标题不是很适合。D项更符合全文的主旨，本文就是介绍数字游民这种工作的。故选D项。第四部分 任务型阅读（共10题 每题1分 满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。If you see a group of people kneel in a cir
111、cle on a beautiful beach bowing before little piles of sand, dont panic: They are not into some cut ritual(崇拜仪式) but rather undergoing a team building activity, which has become popular in China in the last few years.Team building aims to enhance social relations between members of a team, group or
112、company address interpersonal problems, and improve performance in teamwork scenarios and thus maximize output. As many leaders prefer their teams to work that way, team building becomes a preferred choice to achieve that goal. However, things sometimes go wrong. Like the case mentioned in the begin
113、ning, the “Ceremony implied participants were saying farewell 10 the past and were ready to embrace future. The original intention was not bad, but the way in was done was quite absurd.Many other ridiculous ceases have also become front-page stories. In January 2016, a company in East Chinas Nanjing
114、, capital city of Jiangsu Province, asked its employees go into the streets crying slogans, hug women they didnt know, and even kiss dustbins alongside the roads-.In December 2017, a beauty company in Nanchang, East Chinas Jiangxi Province, held its 14th anniversary celebration, during which employe
115、es hit each other in the face after kneeling down. The company said it aimed to cultivate the so-called wolf spirit - a term popular among Chinese small and medium-sized companies- which seek to help workers make a firm decision to achieve success.But wait a minute, team building is meant to make me
116、mbers feel like living in a family, isnt it? Can these extreme activities make people feel so or at least enjoy the process? Many such activities have also turned into a way of pleasing the leadership. Moreover, almost all such team building is scheduled at weekends, sacrificing time with family mem
117、bers.This has completely gone off course. A team can be united if it works in a harmonious atmosphere with members willingly working together toward a goal, especially when the employers sets an example to care for everyone in the team rather than being fussy. A relaxed gathering will be more effect
118、ive than exhausting team building programs designed to make staff better know each other and get closer.What is learnt during team building is more important than what form it takes, and a company should be aware of the importance of coordinating office atmosphere daily. It is unrealistic to make em
119、ployees go deep into understanding the importance of teamwork or begin to love their company within just dozens of minutes of team building programs. After all, managing a team well is tougher than hurting employees feelings.The _51_ of team buildingMany activities like people bowing on bended kneel
120、s in a circle on a beach have become a common practice to build team spiritsThe purpose of team buildingTeam building is to make a team, group or company more _52_ and productive.The _53_ of extreme team buildingContrary to the original intentions, some team building is quite absurd and has made _54
121、_ .In January 2016, a company in Nanjing asked his employees to cry slogans on the streets, hug _55_ women and even kiss roadside trash cans.In December 2017, a company in Nanchang asked his employees to slap each others face after kneeling down to make them _56_, workers.The consequences of extreme
122、 team buildingParticipates dont feel part of a family and enjoy the process. Many such programs on weekends have become a way to please the leadership and led to _57_time with their families.The _58_ on team buildingThe employers should take the _59_ in showing concern for everyone in the team and a
123、rrange a relaxed gathering.The employers should put more _60_ on coordinating office atmosphere daily where members are more likely to0 develop team spirits and love their company.【答案】51. popularity 52. harmonious 53. cases/examples 54. headlines 55. unknown 56. determined 57. less 58. tips/suggesti
124、ons/advice 59. lead 60. emphasis【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了这几年在中国很流行的团队建设活动方式如在海滩上跪成一圈，以及团队建设的目的和利弊。【51题详解】根据第一段最后一句“undergoing a team building activity, which has become popular in china in the last few years”可知，这种鞠躬的行为实际上是团队建设活动，这几年在中国很流行。根据空格前的定冠词The和后面的介词of可知，此处应用名词形式。故填popularity。【52题详解】根据第二段第一句“Team
125、building aims to enhance social relations between members of a teamaddress interpersonal problems”可知，团队建设的目的是加强成员之间的社会关系，解决人际关系问题，也就是说让成员之间的关系更加和谐，另外倒数第二段有出现“harmonious atmosphere”。故填harmonious。【53题详解】根据第三段“like the case mentioned in the beginning”，以及第四段首句“many other ridiculous cases”可知，第三、四、五段落是对一些
126、极端的团队建设的举例。故填cases/examples。【54题详解】第三段结尾出现了“absurd”，再根据第四段“Many other ridiculous cases have also become front-page stories.” front-page stories指的是头版新闻。故填headlines。【55题详解】根据第四段最后一句“hug women they didnt know”可知，公司要求员工拥抱他们不认识的女性。故填unknown。56题详解】根据第五段最后一句“which seek to help workers make a firm decision”
127、可知，公司还帮助员工做坚定的决定，也就是让员工成为有决心的员工。故填determined。【57题详解】根据第六段最后一句“almost all suchsacrificing time with family members”可知，大多数的团建活动在周末进行，牺牲了与家人相处的时间。也就是导致了和家人在一起的时间更少。故填less。【58题详解】根据表格右边的信息内容，可以看出来是作者给出的建议，建议公司老板应该如何做好团队协作的工作。故填tips/suggestions/advice。【59题详解】根据倒数第二段“especially when the employers sets an
128、example to care for everyone”老板应该为每个人树立关爱他人的榜样，set an example等同于take the lead表示带头，树立榜样。lead此处表示榜样。故填lead。【60题详解】根据最后一段“and a company should be aware of the importance of coordinating office atmosphere daily” 可知公司应该意识到每天协调办公室气氛的重要性，也就是更加重视协调办公室气氛，put emphasis on表示“强调，重视”。故填emphasis。第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）61
129、.阅读下面短文， 并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Preparing for the futureA senior 3 student is participating special oath-taking(誓师大会)online at home.Teaching dance onlineA teacher is demonstrating her dance moves for online classes due to novel coronarvirus outbreakSupporting communitys recoveryA community worker boug
130、ht bags of medicines for residents on lockdown in at community.【写作内容】1、用30个词概括上述图片及文字内容;2、用约120个单词结合自己经历谈谈我们学生应如何努力共战病毒。【写作要求】1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;3.不必写标题。【评分标准】内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。_【答案】In order to prevent and control the novel coronavirus-related pneumonia, teachers and students arr
131、ange all teaching activities online and communities on lockdown are offered supplies by their workers.During this special period, as senior high students, on one hand, we should interact with teachers actively with necessary classes attended, discussing and asking questions online. To develop the sp
132、irit of independence, we must take online exams honestly .On the other hand, we should try our best not to go out ,emphasizing the importance of hygiene. When schools open , wearing masks is a must, and windows are to be opened regularly to let clean air in.Whats more, it is a good chance to receive
133、 the education of love and life. When foreigners prefer to go to China during this disaster, we are proud of being Chinese and determine to devote ourselves to study and bring prosperity to our motherland【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于读写任务，要求考生根据所给的图片及文字内容并结合自己经历谈谈学生应如何努力共战病毒。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。结构：总
134、分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1. 概括所给的图片及文字内容。（summarize the pictures and words given） 2. 谈谈学生应如何努力共战病毒。（talk about how students should work hard to fight the virus）第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）in order to; on one handon the other hand; interact with; try our best to; emphasize the importance of; it is a
135、 good chance to; prefer to; are proud of; determine to 第三步：连词成句1. In order to prevent and control the novel coronavirus-related pneumonia ，teachers and students arrange all teaching activities online and communities on lockdown are offered supplies by their workers.2. During this special period, as
136、senior high students, on one hand, we should interact with teachers actively with necessary classes attended, discussing and asking questions online.3. To develop the spirit of independence, we must take online exams honestly.4. On the other hand, we should try our best not to go out, emphasizing th
137、e importance of hygiene.5. When schools open, wearing masks is a must, and windows are to be opened regularly to let clean air in.6. Whats more, it is a good chance to receive the education of love and life.7. When foreigners prefer to go to China during this disaster, we are proud of being Chinese
138、and determine to devote ourselves to study and bring prosperity to our motherland.第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second And then, Finally, In the end, At last2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not onlybut (also), including,3.
139、表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand,On the other hand Some,while others,as for, sothat 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，如When schools open , wearing masks is a must, and windows are to be opened regularly to let clean air in.使用了when引导的时间状语从句；使用了一些固定词组，如on one handon the other hand；prefer to；determine to等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
