1、Section Starting out & Understanding ideas.核心单词1wrap v包，裹2flash n. 闪光3sheet n. (一) 层4dynasty n. 朝代5region n. 地区，区域6therefore adv. 因此7steep adj. 陡的，陡峭的8shallow adj. 浅的9prevent v. 阻挡，防止10harmony n. 和谐11generation n. 一代人.拓展单词1completion n完成complete v完成adj.完整的completely adv.完整地，完全地2significant adj.重要的si
2、gnificance n重要性3design v设计designed adj.设计好的designer n设计师4harm v/n.伤害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的5tradition n传统traditional adj.传统的6agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的7attract v吸引attraction n有吸引力的事物attractive adj.有吸引力的8admire v欣赏；羡慕admiration n欣赏admirable adj.令人欣赏的.重点短语1(be)_wrapped_in 被包裹2be_home_
3、to 是的家乡3as_far_as_the_eye_can_see 极目所尽4turn._into. 把变成5prevent._from_doing_sth. 阻止做某事6wash_away 把冲走7in_harmony_with 与协调8provide_sth._for_sb. 为某人提供某物9feed_on 以为食.重点句型1Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining_in_the_spring_sun.想像一下群山被银光闪闪的河流环绕，在春日的阳光下闪耀。2These terraces were built by the loca
4、l Zhuang and Yao people, to_whom_Guangxi_is_home.这些梯田是广西当地的壮族人和瑶族人修筑的。3Reaching_as_far_as_the_eye_can_see,_these in terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.放眼过去，这些梯田布满了高山，往往从山脚一直延伸到山顶。4During the rainy season, it_is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mou
5、ntains and into the terraces.在雨季，雨水就是沿着这些水道从山上流到梯田里的。1.Which is not the colour of the Longji Rice Terraces?AgreenBgoldCwhite Dred答案：D2These terraces were built by _.AHan people Blocal Zhuang and Yao peopleCDai people DTujia people答案：B3What is most significant for the local people?AThey work in harmo
6、ny with natureBThey ask the government for helpCThey help each otherDThey grow rice答案：A4What can we infer from the passage?AThe new generation value the traditional methods a lot.BWe should give up old farming completely.CWe should only use modern technology.DVisitors come to admire the nature.答案：A易
7、错辨析：therefore和so的用法区别therefore是正式用语，为连接性副词，常用于数学、逻辑和其他精细的推论中，特别用以表示严密的推理；它不能直接用来连接两个并列分句，前后两个句子之间常用分号或句号隔开，或用连词and连接。so可作连词，其前可用逗号隔开也可直接连接两个分句，用于简洁的会话和日常的文体中。重点单词和短语1therefore adv.因此(1)therefore是副词，意为“因此；为此；所以”，引出结果、结局或结论，不能误作连词。(2)therefore可引出一个独立句，但不能连接两个句子，因此当therefore前没有and等连词时，前面要用分号或句号隔开。I lea
8、rned that fish are coldblooded animals and therefore are very sensitive to water temperature.我了解到鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温很敏感。We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.我们的钱不够，因此买不起这辆新车。即学即练用therefore或so填空。(1)He was very tired, and therefore he didnt give the market report.(2)The
9、student often broke the school rules. So/Therefore the teacher thought of some rules and made him follow them.(3)He was down with the flu; therefore he couldnt go to the party.(4)There was no food in the house so we rang out for a pizza.2.prevent v阻挡，防止阻止某人做某事If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon ju
10、ice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.如果你喜欢的话，将少量新鲜的柠檬汁挤到香蕉上会防止它变为褐色。The rain did not stop us from enjoying the trip.那场雨没有妨碍我们享受那次旅行。Theres nothing to keep you from accepting the offer.没有什么可以阻止你接受这份工作。即学即练单句语法填空(1)You cant stop people from saying (say) what they think.(2)The church bell
11、s keep me from sleeping.(3)He was prevented from playing in the football match by a back injury.3harmony n和谐(1)in harmony 和谐in harmony with sth. 和某事物一致；和某事物协调social harmony 社会和谐(2)harmonious adj. (关系)和睦的；和谐的to create a harmonious society 创建和谐社会Harmony in the family is the basis for success in any un
12、dertaking.家和万事兴。Although war still exists on our planet, I do believe its possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.虽然我们的星球上仍然有战争，但我相信不同的民族能够和睦相处。Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.你的建议与本项目的目标不符。即学即练单句语法填空(1)To our satisfaction, most of us have r
13、ealised the importance of living in harmony with nature.(2)Studies show that kids living and studying in a harmonious (harmony) environment are less likely to become aggressive.4design v设计；构思；计划n设计，国策(1)design sth. for sth. 为设计be designed to do sth. 被设计来做某事be designed as. 被设计为(2)by designon purpose
14、故意的(3)designer n. 设计师She designed a new logo for the company.她为公司设计了一个新标志。HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. “HUNCH项目”的设计初衷是将美国国家航空和航天局的工程师与高中学校教育联系到一起。But more importantly, it will be designed as a new tool for businesses, particularly small businesses like min
15、e, to use.但更重要的是，它将被设计成一种新的工具，让企业，尤其是像我这种小公司使用。As Colonel Tootal tells it, this strategy emerged more by accident than by design.正如图塔尔上校所言，这一策略的产生与其说是蓄意地，不如说是意外。即学即练单句语法填空(1)The book is designed for a reference manual.(2)Do you think he broke the vase by design or by chance?(3)We have special progra
16、mmes designed (design) for audience aged above 60.(4)This series of books are designed to_help (help) children who are visually impaired.,易错提示：prevent. (from) doing sth.和stop. (from) doing sth.用于主动语态时，from可以省略掉，用于被动语态时不能省略。但是keep. from doing sth.中的from在主被动语态中均不可以省略，因为keep. doing sth.的含义是“使持续做某事”。语境助
17、记：We should work together to create a harmonious society where everyone can live in harmony.我们应该共同努力创建一个和谐社会，在这个和谐社会中，每个人都能和睦共处。高考助记：2019全国卷For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.对于西方设计师来说，中国和它璀璨的文化一直是西方创作者的灵感来源。高考助记：2019全国卷While the suns
18、 rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.虽然太阳射线会老化并伤害我们的皮肤，但它们也能为我们提供有益的维生素D。漫画助记：There are three generations in my family.在我家有三代人。联想拓展：attraction中用于表“景点”tourist attraction“旅游景点”为可数名词When you come next month, Ill show you around our city and visit many tourist attracti
19、ons.下月你来的时候，我会带你参观我们这个城市的很多景点。,5.harm v危害，伤害n损害，伤害 (1)do harm to sb./sth.do sb./sth. harm 伤害某人/某物mean no harm 并无恶意do no/great/much/a lot of harm to 对无害/有很大害处/有很多害处there is no harm in doing sthit does no harm to do sth 不妨做某事(2)harmful adj. 有害的(反)harmless 无害的be harmful to 对有害The court case will do ser
20、ious harm to my business.The court case will do my business serious harm.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。Just forget it! I mean no harm to you.别在意！我对你并没有恶意。There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.It does no harm to give gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.给孩子礼物没有什么
21、坏处，但是它们不应该是奖赏。Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people.空气污染会加剧，这会对人们造成伤害。即学即练单句语法填空(1)As we all know, eating too much sugar can do harm to childrens teeth.(2)Its said that too much sunshine is harmful (harm) to ones skin.(3)You can hold the snake its harmless (harm)6generation
22、 n一代人；代 (1)generation gap 代沟(2)from generation to generationgeneration after generation 代代相传(3)for generations 世世代代(4)the rising/young generation 年轻一代Our understanding of education, work and society is different from that of the earlier generation.我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和上一代人不同。How can teachers help to bridg
23、e the generation gap between parents and their teenage children?教师怎样才能帮助消除父母与青少年子女之间的代沟呢？Our family have been farmers for generations.我家祖祖辈辈都是农民。即学即练单句写作(1)This tradition has been handed down from_generation_to_generation.这个传统是一代一代传下来的。(2)My family have lived in this house for_generations.我们家世世代代都住在
24、这栋房子里。7attract vt.吸引；引起的兴趣 (1)attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力attract sb. to sb./sth. 吸引某人对某人/某物感兴趣(2)attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人的事物(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的They tried to leave the hotel without attracting anyones attention.他们试图不引起任何人的注意离开酒店。What first attracted you to the study of physics？一开始是什么吸引你来研究物理的？T
25、he idea of travelling to the moon holds little attraction to me.到月球去旅行这个主意对我没有多少吸引力。A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive to young people.法律行业对年轻人的吸引力越来越大。即学即练单句语法填空(1)Chengdu has the advantage in industries, universities and research institutes, which makes it attractive (attract) to
26、top professionals.(2)The Temple of Heaven is a popular tourist attraction (attract) in Beijing.(3)What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.8.admire v欣赏；钦佩；赞美(1)admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人(2)admiration n. 赞赏；钦佩；羡慕with admiration 赞赏地；羡慕地(3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的We took time
27、 to stop and admire the view.我们腾出时间驻足欣赏风景。I really admire your enthusiasm.我确实钦佩你的热情。Lewis was much admired for his work on medieval literature.刘易斯因其对中世纪文学的研究而备受赞誉。People all look at the intelligent man with admiration because under no circumstances will he fail to cope with emergencies.人们都钦佩地看着这个睿智的
28、人，因为他在任何情形下都能应付紧急情况。即学即练单句语法填空(1)We admire the old scientist for his great contribution to the country.(2)We stopped halfway up the hill, admiring (admire) the view.(3)Id like to express my admiration (admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the wounded.(4)Your courage to face the challe
29、nge is admirable (admire)重点句型(教材P62)Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.放眼望去，这些梯田布满了高山，往往从山脚一直延伸到山顶。本句为现在分词在句中作伴随状语。,现在分词(短语)作伴随状语的特点是：它所表示的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语的动作而发生或存在的。一般将其置于句尾，可用逗号将其与句子主干分开。现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。The students entered
30、 the classroom, smiling and talking.学生们有说有笑地进了教室。Dont sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table.不要在那里干坐着，过来帮我收拾餐桌。He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.他坐在椅子上看报。Four people entered the room, looking around in a curious way.四个人进入房间，好奇地环顾四周。即学即练单句语法填空(1)There is no greater pleasure
31、than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring (stare) at the night sky.(2)The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bath) the mountain in golden light.(3)That singer bowed deeply to the judges, showing (show) her sincere gratitude.(4)Mum was busy in the kitchen, cooking (cook) dinne
32、r for the whole family.,易错辨析：admirable高尚的，令人钦佩的admiring赞赏的，羡慕的联想拓展：伴随状语中的动词与主句之间构成被动关系时，用过去分词。The teacher enters the classroom, followed by his students.老师走进教室，后面跟着他的学生们。.单词拼写1My mother wrapped (包) a pack of delicate candy.2The ceremony marked the completion (完成) of the new hospital building.3The ph
33、otographer used a camera with a flash and therefore (因此) the image was clear.4San Francisco is built on hills and some are very steep (陡峭的)5These fish are found in shallow (浅的) waters around the coast.6Nothing would prevent (阻止) him from speaking out against injustice.7The number of people employed
34、in agriculture (农业) has fallen in the last decade.8The professor measured the position of the basin and eventually designed (设计) the solution.9Experts in agriculture say chemical fertilizers enable crops to grow faster, but harm (伤害) the soil.10Imagine a society in which everyone lived together in p
35、erfect harmony (和谐). .短语填空1There are plenty_of opportunities for young people in big cities.2Butterflies feed_on a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.3The small village is now covered_in bright moonlight.4Sichuan China is_home_to pandas and several other wild anim
36、als.5We must try to live in_harmony_with ourselves and those around us.单句写作1It is a region of vast agricultural resources, with farms of corn and grain stretching as_far_as_the_eye_can_see (极目所尽)2The course in_designed_for (为而设计) graduate students of Information Science.3I know you are a good studen
37、t from the_way_you_answer (你回答的方式) your teachers questions.4By_tradition (按照传统风俗), children play tricks on 1 April.5People in this region have concentrated on agriculture for_generations (世世代代).短文填空In this 1.region (地区) of China, people have devoted themselves to 2.agriculture (农业) for generations.
38、They have passed on the tradition of several 3.dynasties (朝代) and built 4.terraces (梯田) on the 5.steep (陡峭的) mountains to grow 6.crops (庄稼) on 7.shallow (浅的) 8.soil (土壤). In winter, the mountains are covered in 9.sheets (层) of 10.frost (霜) and snow, and 11.therefore (因此) the terraces flash in the sunlight. To 12.prevent (防止) the loss of soil and water, they have 13.designed (设计) and built waterways around the terraces. It is significant to build such terraces. It 14.reflects (反映) the 15.harmony (和谐) between man and nature. The beauty here attracts a large number of tourists who admire it.
