1、.重点单词1wood n木头，木材woods n树林wooden adj.木制的；呆板的，无表情的2flat adj.平坦的flatness n平坦；单调flat n套房，公寓3surround vt.围绕；环绕surrounding adj.周围的，附近的surroundings npl.周围的事物；环境4colleague n同事fellow n同事；家伙(同义词)5downstream adv.向下游；随波而下upstream adv.向上游；逆流6trade vi.做生意；交易trade n交易；贸易trader n商人7hilly adj.多山的；丘陵起伏的hill n小山；丘陵8n
2、arrow vi.变狭窄narrow adj.狭窄的；勉强的narrowly adv.勉强地；狭隘地；差一点儿widen v(使)变宽(反义词)9distant adj.遥远的distance n距离，路程distantly adv.疏远地；遥远地；陌生地10exploit vt.开发；利用exploitation n开发，开采；利用exploiter n开拓者；剥削者.重点短语1at the edge of 在边缘2go on a trip 去旅行3arrive at/in 到达4spend sth.(in) doing sth.花费做某事5have four weeks off 休假四周6
3、narrow to窄至7at least 至少8go through 通过；经历9be heavy with 有大量的10take pictures 拍照11point at 指着12be impressed by/with 对印象深刻；被所感动13mean to do 打算做14take advantage of 利用1surround vt.围绕；环绕The fence surrounds the school.篱笆环绕着学校。We are surrounded with/by dangers.我们的处境危机四伏。The island is surrounded with/by the s
4、ea.小岛四面环海。熟词round 围绕生词 surround 包围生词 surrounding adj.周围的；环绕的；surroundings n环境surround.with.用包围；使被围着be surrounded with/by 被围着surrounding adj.周围的；附近的surroundings n周围的事物；环境After the lecture, Mr Chez stood there surrounded (surround) by lots of students who were asking him questions.2trade vi.做生意；交易vt.交
5、换nU贸易The company trades in silk, tea, and other products.该公司从事丝绸、茶叶和其他商品的贸易。India began trading with Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries.印度于十五、十六世纪开始和欧洲进行贸易。I traded my watch for a bicycle.我用手表换了一辆自行车。Developing foreign trade is very important for our country.发展外贸对我国很重要。trade in sth. 经营某物；干某一行trad
6、e A for B 用A换Btrade sth. with sb.和某人交换某物trade with sb.与某人做生意The store trades in fresh fruit.3narrow v(使)变狭窄adj.狭窄的；勉强的This is where the river narrows.这条河就是在这里变窄的。He narrowed his eyes and stared at the horizon.他眯起眼睛凝望着地平线。The road was too narrow for cars to pass.路太窄了，车辆过不去。I had a narrow escape from
7、death.我幸免于死。narrow 常作形容词用，其动词用法是通过词类转化而来的。可以转化为动词的形容词还有：clear adj.v.clear the room 打扫房间dry adj.v.dry your hands 擦干手free adj.v.free the slaves 释放奴隶slow adj.v.slow down 慢下来wrong adj.v.wrong sb.冤枉某人narrow down 减少；限制；缩小；变窄narrow.to.把局限在之内narrowminded 心胸狭窄的narrowly adv.差点儿It was fortunate that John narro
8、wly (narrow) escaped being killed in a traffic accident.4distant adj.遥远的It snows all the year round in that distant village.那个遥远的村庄整年下雪。The school is three miles distant from the town.那所学校距离城镇3英里远。The sun is quite distant from the earth.太阳距离地球很远。be distant from 离遥远distance nC，U距离；路程；远处；远方He lives in
9、 a distant (distance) village.5detour n迂路；绕行之路常与 make 构成固定搭配。They made a detour to avoid the town centre.他们为避开市中心而绕行。When he finds something unusual on his way, he made a detour rather than run the risk.当他发现路上有些反常时，他绕道避开而不是冒险继续向前。He made a detour home.6character n文字；特性；特征；性格；品质；人物；角色The characters i
10、n Chinese writing look like small pictures.中国字看上去像是一幅幅小小的图画。The character of the Siberian plains is very different from that of south China.西伯利亚平原的特征跟中国南部平原大不相同。The city seems to me to lack character.这座城市在我看来缺乏特色。What does her handwriting tell you about her character?你从她的笔迹中看出她的什么性格特点？Dr.Watson is a
11、 character in the Sherlock Holmes stories.华生医生是夏洛克福尔摩斯故事中的一个人物。characteristic adj.特有的；独特的characterize vt.表示的特征；刻画的性格He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm.他说话带着特有的热情。Each region would have common pollution sources and characteristic weather.每个区域有共同的污染源和特有的气候。Your work is characterized by lack of at
12、tention to details.你的工作特点是缺乏对细节的注意。The town has its characteristic (character) features.7exploit vt.开发；开拓；开采；利用；剥削We must exploit the countrys mineral resources.我们必须开发国家的矿产资源。He is good at exploiting a situation for his own advantage.他善于利用形势谋取私利。They exploited her generosity shamelessly.他们无耻地利用了她的慷慨
13、。exploitation n开拓；开发；开采；剥削；利用exploiter n剥削者exploitable adj.可开发的；可利用的；可剥削的exploit 含义面面观Many natural resources have not been exploited (exploit) in this area.1I cant believe she did such a stupid thingit seems to be out of her character.解析：character “性格”，out of character “与个性不符”。2Its required that min
14、eral resources be exploited (exploit) hand in hand with the local environment protection.解析：句意：资源开发与保护当地的环境应同步进行。3In the first week of Senior High，most students appeared distant though they tried to be as friendly as they could.解析：distant冷漠的。句意：在上高中的第一周，大多数学生显得冷漠了一些，尽管他们尽量保持友好。4They made a detour in
15、 order to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the West Lake.解析：make a detour为固定搭配，意为“绕道；绕行”。句意：他们绕道而行，为的是欣赏西湖的美丽风景。5The village is distant from the post office.解析：句意：这个村庄离邮局很远。be distant from “离遥远”，为固定搭配。6My uncle is a smart businessman. He made a lot of money by trading with the foreigners last year.解析：
16、句意：我叔叔是个精明的商人。去年他跟外国人做生意赚了很多钱。trade with.“与做生意”。7They are stamp collectors; they often trade stamps with each other.解析：句意：他们是集邮者，经常互相交换邮票。trade sth. with sb. 与交换。8A good government should work to narrow (narrow) the gap between the rich and poor.解析：句意：一个好的政府应该致力于缩小贫富差距。narrow “使变窄”。9A large quantity
17、 of goods (good) was sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world.解析：句意：大量的商品从世界各地运送到了博览会。goods “货物；商品”。10A lot of goods in his shop were stolen last night.解析：句意：昨晚，他商店里的许多货物被偷了。goods “货物；商品”，无单数形式，作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式；由时间状语 last night 可知应用一般过去时。11This group of mountains surround (surrounding) e
18、ach other so that it is quite easy to get lost here.解析：句意：这里群山环绕，很容易迷路。surround “围绕；环绕”。1at the edge of 在的边缘The tree is at the edge of the river.那棵树长在河边。The police took up their stations at the edge of the road.警方在路边各就各位。on the edge of 在边缘上；快要发生I was on the edge of a mental breakdown at that time.当时
19、我处在精神崩溃的边缘。There is a boat at the edge of the lake.2at least 至少The food wasnt good, but at least it was cheap.这种食品不怎么好，但起码便宜。I thought he had been dead for at least twenty years.我以为他去世至少有20年了。not in the least 一点也不at most 至多；不超过I can give you 100 dollars at most.我最多只能给你100美元。Ill stay there for at lea
20、st two days.3go through 通过；经历；遭受；浏览；翻阅；仔细检查You have to bend down to go through the door.这扇门得弯着腰才能过去。They went through many hardships during the war.在战争中他们经历了很多磨难。Mary quickly went through the introduction of the novel in two minutes.玛丽用两分钟的时间快速浏览了这本小说的前言。Lets go through the arrangements for the part
21、y again.我们再检查一遍聚会的安排事宜。go ahead 请吧，说吧，做吧go down 下降，下跌go out 出去；(灯，火)熄灭go over 复习，仔细检查The little girl went through a lot when she was cheated and sold to the mountain village.People in cities hope the housing price will go down.4be heavy with 有大量的The air is heavy with the scent of flowers.空气中弥漫着浓郁的花香
22、。Im still heavy with influenza but getting better.我的流感仍然很厉害，但正在好转。The apple tree is heavy with fruit.5have four weeks off 休息四周have.offtake.off，一般用时间作宾语，意为“休息；放假”。Im taking Thursday off to do some Christmas shopping.我周四要请假，为圣诞节买点东西。He had two days off because of his heavy cold.6point at 指着Its rude to
23、 point at a person.指人是不礼貌的。“Thats the man who did it，” she said, pointing at me.“那事就是他干的，”她指着我说。point.at 把/用瞄准或对着point ones finger at sb./sth. 用手指着某人/某物point a gun at sb. 用枪瞄准某人Dont point your feet at others.1It was early spring, but most of the trees here had been heavy (heavily) with colourful flo
24、wers.解析：句意：虽是早春，但这儿多数的树上都有很多艳丽的花。be heavy with “有大量的”。2The movies I like must have a theme or at least make you think about something important.解析：句意：我喜欢的电影一定要有个主题，或者至少能让你思考一些重要的事情。at least “至少”。3You should go through the official ways to get help instead of private relationship.解析：句意：你应当通过官方渠道而非私人关
25、系来获取帮助。go through “通过”。4Lily had gone through many failures before she finally succeeded in the experiment.解析：句意：莉莉经历了许多失败之后最终成功地完成了实验。go through “经历；遭受”。5Although the old man was at the edge of death, he still fought with the disease bravely.解析：句意：尽管这个老人已在死亡的边缘，他依然勇敢地与疾病作着斗争。at the edge of “在的边缘”。6
26、He clearly pointed out the differences between the twin brothers.解析：句意：他清楚地指出了这对孪生兄弟之间的不同之处。point out“指出”。7We will have two days off next week, when we can go on a trip.解析：have two days off 休两天假。1He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.他和另一位同事将
27、在那里的一所教师进修学院任教英语两年。be to do sth. 在此处表示“按照计划或根据安排将要做某事”。We are to meet at the entrance to the hall.我们约定在大厅门口见面。The meeting is to be held tomorrow afternoon.会议定于明天下午召开。be to do sth. 除了上面表示“按计划或根据安排将要做某事(意思接近 be going to)”的用法外，还有以下一些用法：表示“应当(该)做的事情”(意思接近 should)。Nobody knew what was to be done.没有人知道该做什
28、么。You are not to do that again.以后不要这样做了。表示“必须或不得不做的事情”(意思接近 must，need 或 have to)。Youre to move out of the house right away.你必须马上搬出去。This letter is to be handed to him in person.这封信得亲自交给他。表示“想要/决心做的事情”(意思接近 want to，intend to，多用于条件从句中)。I must continue to learn if I am to make further progress.今后我若要更进一
29、步还得继续学习。If we are to be there on time，well hurry up.如果我们想准时赶到那里，我们得快点。表示“后来将发生的事情”，多用于过去时。He was to regret this decision.他将来会后悔做这个决定的。If you are to_pass (pass) the exam, youll have to work hard.2That sounded fine to me.我觉得听起来还不错。sound 可作连系动词，意为“听起来”，后常跟形容词作表语。sound 后还可跟 as if 从句。Your explanation sou
30、nds confusing.你的解释听起来令人迷惑。It sounds as if youll need a new car if the damage is as bad as they say.如果汽车损坏的情况有他们说的那么严重地话，你似乎就应该去买部新车了。It sounds to me as if there is a tap running somewhere.我觉得听起来好像哪儿有水龙头在流水。The idea sounds reasonable (reason)3“Oh，well，” my friend said，“at least we have two more left.
31、” “哦，好吧，”我的朋友说，“至少我们能看见另外两个峡谷。”(1)more 在句中意为“还有；再”，常和数词搭配，并放在数词之后。We need three more hands.我们还需要三个人。(2)过去分词 left 在句中意为“剩下”。它可放在名词之后或者 anything，something，nothing，somebody，nobody 等不定代词之后，经常用于 there be 结构。There were no crops left after the flood.洪水过后，一棵庄稼也没留下。At that time there was nothing left for her
32、 to do but go to the office.那时她没有别的可做，只好去办公室。left，remaining 与 the rest三者都可意为“剩下(的)”，但词性和用法相差较大。left 为过去分词，其位置在名词和不定代词之后；remaining 是现在分词，起形容词的作用，放在名词之前；the rest 相当于一个代词，因此不能直接修饰名词，而应使用短语“the rest of名词”。此外，如 the rest 指代名词复数，它就具有复数性质；如指代单数或不可数名词，它就具有单数性质。I have no money left.我没钱了。The remaining snow beg
33、an to freeze again.残留的雪又开始结冰。Ill take my share，and the rest of the money is yours.我会拿走我的一份，剩下的钱是你的。The rest of the houses were not rented.余下的房子没有租出去。I ate two apples.The rest were eaten by Tom.我吃了两个苹果，剩下的被汤姆吃了。There is no time left (leave). Hurry up!4On a distant mountain was a sign in 20foot charac
34、ters.“Build the Three Gorges Dam，Exploit the Yangtze River，” it said.远山上写着20英尺见方的汉字：“建造三峡大坝，开发长江资源”。(1)本句采用了倒装句型。本句中的主语为 a sign，表地点的介词短语 on a distant mountain 位于句首，主谓倒装。当句首为 here，there，now，then 等副词，谓语动词为 be，go，come 等时，句子的主谓要求倒装；表示时间、地点和方向的副词如 in，out，away，up，down，off 等置于句首时，句子也用完全倒装。On the top of the
35、 mountain stands a tall tree.山顶上矗立着一棵大树。On the wall hang two loud speakers.墙上挂着两个喇叭。Here comes the postman!邮递员来了！In rushed a woman.一位妇女冲了进来。当这类句子的主语是代词而不是名词时，不使用倒装结构。Here we are. 我们到了。Out of the cinema he came.他从电影院出来。(2)say 的意思是“说；写着”，其主语既可以是人，也可以是书、报、杂志、便条等。I received a note which said，“Thank you
36、for what you have done.”我收到一张纸条，上面写着：“谢谢你做的一切。”In the middle of the square stands (stand) a big stone.5They are mainly for goods and people trading along the river.这些船主要乘载货物和沿河做生意的人。trading along the river现在分词短语作定语修饰people。现在分词作定语，如果是单个词则放在被修饰词的前面；如果是短语，则常放在被修饰词的后面。The girl standing there is my sist
37、er.站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。The rising sun looks very beautiful.冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。There are some boys playing (play) football on the playground.1Look over theretheres a very long, winding path leading (lead) up to the house.解析：本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：看那儿有一条很长的且蜿蜒曲折的路，它直接通向这座房子。本题为非谓语动词作定语，且path与lead之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。2The d
38、iscovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune was (be) to be made.解析：make a fortune 意为“发财”，make 在句中需要使用被动形式。be to do 意为“将会，将要”，was to be made 表示过去将来。句意：澳洲金矿的发现使成千上万的人相信他们将会发财。3How about seeing the new movie at the theatre tonight?Sounds great (greatly), but Ive got to go over
39、 my notes for tomorrows exam.解析：sounds great，“听起来很好”，是系表结构，前面省略了主语 it，符合语境。4At the foot of the mountain lies_a_village (a village lie)解析：当表示地点的介词短语作状语放在句首时，主谓应完全倒装，该句正常语序为：A village lies at the foot of the mountain.。5What should I do first?The instructions say (say) that you should mix flour with wa
40、ter carefully first.解析：say “内容是，上面写着”。答句句意：说明书上写着你应该首先仔细地混合水和面。6What could the old man do with the remaining (remain) vegetables?解析：remaining 是形容词，意为“剩下的”，只能作前置定语。.语法填空Peter and his colleague decided to get _1_ the boat at Fuling. The sun was shining _2_ (bright) as they sailed downstream through a
41、hilly region. As the sun set they _3_ (dock) at Fengdu. They slept _4_ the first gorge, which is called the Qutang Gorge. The gorge _5_ (narrow) to 350 feet as the river rushes through the twomilehigh mountains. At Wushan they made a detour _6_ the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges. The
42、 next day they went _7_ the Wu Gorge. They passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan. As they came out _8_ the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, they sailed into the construction site of the dam, where they saw the Chinese flag _9_ (blow) in the wind. On a distant mountain _10_ (be) a sign in 20foot char
43、acters.1on2.brightly3.docked4.through5.narrows6.up7through8.of9.blowing10.was.单词拼写1Some African countries are exploiting (开采) rainforests for wood.2The garden is heavy with (满是) flowers in summer.3He works in a distant (遥远的) factory and has to go to work by bus.4They plan to widen the narrowest (最狭窄
44、的) section of the road.5She discussed the idea with some of her colleagues (同事)6Hes always surrounded (包围) by people who adore him.7She built up her wealth by trading (做生意) with foreigners.8No one now believes that the earth is flat (平坦的)9Her daring work behind the enemy lines is now a legend (传奇)10Many hilly (多山的) regions attract many visitors all parts of the country nowadays.
