1、专题九情态动词和虚拟语气1. (2014江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.A. might B. would C. should D. could2. (2014北京卷)_ I have a word with you? It wont take long. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should3. (2014湖南卷) Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. Do you mean we_ bring anyt
2、hing with us?A. cant B. mustntC. shant D. neednt4. (2014江西卷)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ become the richest.A. shall B. mustC. need D. might5. (2014北京卷)We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A. are B. wereC. will be D. would be6. (2014福建卷)_ no modern telecommunications, we
3、 would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were there B. Had there beenC. If there are D. If there have been7. (2014天津卷)_ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. Should be catchC. Has he caught D. Had he caught8. (2014浙江卷)They were ab
4、road during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help.A. would have come B. could comeC. have come D. had come9. (2014大纲卷)Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can10. (2014湖南卷)If Mr. Dewey _ p
5、resent, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A. were B. had beenC. should be D. was1. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：让我难过的是，他们自己那么穷，竟然还要给我带吃的。should此处意为“竟然”，表惊讶。2. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很长时间的。表示询问对方是否允许，can与shall均可用于第一人称，但can侧重满足自身需求。根据句意可知，本题使用Can I.？更合适。3. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：我已经为野餐准备了各种
6、食物。你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了？本题考查的是情态动词否定意义辨析。cant(不可能；不能)；mustnt(禁止，千万不能)；neednt(不必；不需要)；shant(不应该)，常用口语形式。4. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也许会成为最富有的人。shall(将要)；must(必须，一定)；need(需要)；might(也许)。根据前句“Life is unpredictable”，说明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。5. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：如果你没有把地图丢了，我们现在就会回到宾馆里了。本题考查的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表
7、示与现在事实相反时，条件句中使用一般过去时或were，主句使用would do形式。根据从句的did可知本句是与现在事实相反，故D项正确。6. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：如果没有现代的电信业，要想得到世界各地的消息，我们就不得不等几个星期。本题题是一个if条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，if从句中使用过去时或were，主句使用would do形式；另外，在if从句中如含有were, had或should时，可在if被省略的同时，were，had或should放在从句句首构成部分倒装。7. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：如果他赶上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。本题考查的是if引导的条件状
8、语从句的虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反，条件句中使用过去完成时，主句使用“情态动词have done”；当条件句中的if省略的时候，要把had提前形成部分倒装，故D项正确。8. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里，他们在国外，要不然，他们就会来帮助我们的。本句考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句，句中的or相当于if they had not gone abroad，因为前面句中使用的是were，说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反，所以主句中使用的是“情态动词have done”的形式，故A项正确。9. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货，但总的说来那不是
9、一个购物便宜的地方。should(应该；竟然)；need(需要)；must(必须，一定；非得，偏偏)；can(能够，可能，有时会)。根据句意可知用can，表示“有时可能，有时会”。10. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：如果Mr. Dewey在场，他就会向那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。本题考查的是条件状语从句虚拟语气中的与过去事实相反的情况。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件状语从句要使用过去完成时，主句要使用“情态动词have done”。根据本句后面主句中的“would have offered”说明是与过去事实相反，故从句中使用过去完成时。高考中，试题对情态动词和虚拟语气的考核常常利用语境和句
10、子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对该语法项目的理解与掌握。因此，在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词和虚拟语气在高考中的热点依次为：对过去的虚拟语气，尤其是“情态动词have done”的考查频率较高；情态动词表推测和可能性；情态动词表示请求、允许和允诺；以及情态动词的否定。要点储备一：情态动词的基本用法情态动词用法否定式例句can能力(体力、智力、技能)允许或许可(口语中常用)可能性(表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中)肯定句中表理论上的可能性，意为“有时会”How can it be that从句？ 怎么会？cant but do sth. cant help but
11、do sth. have to do sth. 不得不做某事cant/can never. enough再也不为过cant help doing sth. / being done忍不住做can not / cannot /cant doA blind man cant judge colors. Could you give me a hand with the bag？ Sure.How can it be that he is late for such an important meeting？It can be warm here in winter.I cant but compl
12、ain about the service.You cant be careful enough.We couldnt help laughing at the jokes.couldcouldnt do不可能；不能；不可以may可以(问句中表示请求)可能，或许(表推测)祝愿(用于倒装句中)may/might as well do不妨做may well (not) do 很可能(不)做may not do May/Might I use your computer? Yes, you may/can. (No, you mustnt/cant./Im afraid not.)We may as
13、 well stay indoors today.He may well refuse to talk to you.mightmight not do可能不会做must必须，应该(表主观要求)肯定，想必(肯定句中表推测) 与if，how，why连用，表“非得要”must not/mustnt do禁止，不允许做Must I hand in the paper？Yes, you must. (No, you neednt/dont have to./Youd better not.)If you must smoke, please go out.have to只好，不得不(客观的必须，有时态
14、人称变化)dont have to do没必要做We dont have to go home nowits still early.ought to应当(表示义务责任，口语中多用should) 理该、按道理应该(表猜测)ought not to/oughtnt to do不应该做 Ought we to observe the rule？ Yes, we ought. (No, we oughtnt.)shall将要，会(表时态意义，用于第一人称)用于一三人称表示征求对方意见(用于疑问句)用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁、决心、条约规定等(用于陈述句)shall not/shant d
15、o不会/不允许/不可以做Shall the applicant wait outside？You shall leave the room at once and she shall too.You shall have the book after I read it.should应当，应该(表义务责任)；理该会本该(含有责备意味)；万一；竟然Why / How should.？表说话人对某事不理解，感到意外或惊异should not/shouldnt do不应该做You should call him and apologize. Such a gentleman should be so
16、 rude to the lady. Why should he be so late today？will意愿，决心；习惯；客观趋势，临时起意请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉sth. wont / wouldnt do 怎么也不will not/wont doWill/Would do me a favor？Yes, I will.(No, I wont.)wouldwould not/wouldnt do不愿做； 怎么也不做She will take a walk after supper. The door wont open.dare敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中) dared n
17、ot do sth. didnt dare (to) do sth.dare not/darent do不敢做 Dare he go out alone at night？ Yes, he dare. (No, he darent.)need需要必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)need not/neednt do没必要做 Need I tell him the news？ Yes, you must. /Im afraid you have to.(No, you neednt/dont have to.)used to过去常常(现在已不再) There used to ben.used not
18、/usednt/didnt use to do过去不常做 Used he to smoke？ Yes, he used.(No, he use(d)nt.) Did he use to smoke？ Yes, he did.(No, he didnt.)要点储备二：情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测1must be是推测现在存在的一般状态must be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情must have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。may, might, can用法相同must意为“肯定，一定”，语气强，只用于肯定句中。注意其反义疑问：He mu
19、st be a man from America, isnt he？He must be talking with his friend, isnt he？He must have already arrived there, hasnt / didnt he？You mother must have been told about the truth just now, wasnt she？2may和might意为“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握，可用于肯定句和否定句He may not be at home. They might have finished their task.3can
20、和could意为“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can语气强，用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句中The weather in that city could be cold now. We could have walked there; it was so near. Can he be in the office now？ No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.要点储备三：情态动词have done用法例句表推测时(陈述)：may/might have done sth.(语气不肯定)过去可能做了某事ca
21、nt/couldnt have done sth.(语气肯定)过去不可能做了某事must have done sth.(语气肯定)过去一定做了某事should have done sth.应该已做完某事；竟然做了某事(表惊讶)ought to have done sth.应该已做完某事 I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess.The streets are all dry. It couldnt have rained during the night.The streets are
22、 all wet; it must have rained during the night.I hardly imagine such a gentleman should have been so rude to the old lady.They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.表责备时(虚拟)：might have done sth.过去本可能做而未做could have done sth.过去本能做而未做should have done sth.过去本该做而未做ought to have done sth.过去本应该做而未做区别
23、：neednt have done sth.过去本不必做却做了didnt need to do sth. It wasnt necessary to do sth. He might have given you more help, even if he was very busy. Did you listen to the speech？ No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.Your brothers failed in English again. You ought to/shou
24、ld have given him more help. Mr. Smith didnt come last night, did he？ No. We neednt have waited for him. A whole night was wasted. Sorry, sir. I didnt attend yesterdays meeting. You didnt need to come. Actu ally, the meeting was cancelled.表意愿时(虚拟)：would have done sth.想做而未做，本可以做而未做某事would like to hav
25、e done sth.想做而未做某事would rather have done sth.宁愿做某事而未做某事I would like to have gone to your help, but I was too busy.The film was a bore. I would rather have stayed at home.表未曾实现的希望，打算、意图、诺言等：had hoped/planned/. to do hoped/planned/.to have done should/would like to have done would(rather) have done wa
26、s/were to have donewas going to.本打算If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have seen the famous star. I was to have come yesterday, but my mother fell ill.I had wanted to come yesterday, but my mother fell ill.I wanted to have come yesterday, but my mother fell ill.I would like to have come
27、yesterday, but my mother fell ill.I would have come yesterday, but my mother fell ill.要点储备四：虚拟语气类别用法例句if引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句谓语：过去式(be用were)主句谓语：should/would/could/might动词原形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句谓语：had过去分词主句谓语：should/would/could/mighthave过去分词If I had been free, I would have visited y
28、ou.与将来事实相反从句谓语：过去式 / should动词原形 / were不定式主句谓语：should/would/could/might动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.if条件句的倒装省略如从句中含有had, were, should时，可把该词移至从句句首，同时省略ifIf I were youWere I you, I would take the job.错综虚拟如主从句中使用不同的时间状语，主从句的虚拟则要依据各自时间状语If I had studied medicine in college, I c
29、ould help you now.(should) do sth.类宾语从句advise，suggest, recommend, ask, demand, require, request, order, command, decide, insist, urge后接的宾语从句中谓语动词为should动词原形，should可省略区别：He suggested that we not change our mind. His pale face suggested that he was ill. He insisted he had done nothing wrong and that h
30、e (should) be set free at once.主语从句It is necessary/important/strange/natural/amazing that从句It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested/arranged/decidedthat从句It is a pity / a shame/no wonderthat从句(that从句中谓语为“should动词原形”，should可省略)It is strange that such a person should be our friends.Its a pity that w
31、e missed such a golden chance.Its demanded that he (should) go at once.表语从句主语是idea, suggestion, order, request, decision, urge等，其后的表语从句中谓语为“should动词原形”，should可省略My suggestion is that he should be operated on at once. Their decision is that they buy it.同位语从句以urge, idea, suggestion, order, request, de
32、cision等为先行词的同位语从句中，谓语为should动词原形，should可省略I made a suggestion that he should be operated on at once.The suggestion I made at the meeting was turned down.wish类wish从句 If only从句一般过去时(对现在虚拟)过去完成时/ could have done(对过去虚拟)could/might/would do sth.(对将来虚拟)I wish I could be a pop singer. I wish he had visited
33、 us then. If only he had visited us then.“情态动词have (been) done”表对过去的虚拟详见要点储备三常见结构主语would / could / might /. have done , but主语过去时；主语过去时， otherwise主语 would / could / might /. have done but for sth. but that主语过去时 without n. if it had not been for ., 主语 would / could / might /. have done主语had wanted / m
34、eant / intended / hoped/., but主语过去时I would have gone to help you, but I was too busy. I was too busy, otherwise I would have gone to help you. But for the rain, I would have gone to the cinema.状语从句as if引导的状语从句中谓语用过去式或过去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.in order that / so that
35、引导的目的状语从句中谓语用“can / could / may / might / would/.动词原形”Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.其他句型中It is (high/about) timethat从句中谓语用过去式或“should动词原形”Its high time that we left.would rather所接的从句中谓语用过去式或者过去完成式分别表对现在将来或对过去的虚拟I would rather you stayed at home now.表祝愿Long live 主语！May 主语 动词原形！Long
36、live the Peoples Republic of China！May you be happy！重点突破近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率基本稳定，但试题中的有效信息越来越隐蔽，情景越来越生动真实，考查的角度越来越细微。除了从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征外，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法并在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征显得尤为重要。1. You _ worry about my studiesI know quite clearly what to do at school.A. shouldnt B.
37、mustntC. neednt D. cant2. It is required by law that enough evidence _ to prove one is innocent of a crime.A. is provided B. has been providedC. be provided D. have been provided3. Being constantly exposed to advertisements is annoying, but it _ be pleasant sometimes.A. shall B. need C. can D. must
38、4. Id like to ask a question if I _A. must B. need C. will D. may5. Where have you been? I _ in the heavy traffic. Otherwise I _ here earlier.A. have got stuck; would have comeB. got stuck; wasC. got stuck; would have comeD. had to stick; would come6. Its so cold here! Why not close the door? Sorry.
39、 It _. Ill have it repaired as soon as possible.A. wont shut B. wont be shutC. doesnt shut D. isnt shut7. The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I _ whats going on in my little boys head right now.”A. had known B. knowC. knew D. have known8. Where _ Mary have put the empty bottles? She _ them
40、 away. They must be somewhere.A. can; cant have thrown B. must; needntC. must; must have thrown D. can; mustnt have thrown9. I wonder if Sue will be here by five. Dont worry! She just went to collect her kids.She _ be back by then.A. should B. can C. would D. might10. You _ use my bike on condition
41、that you give it back to me before I leave here.A. should B. must C. ought to D. shall11. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will12. I really dont know how to thank you, but for your help, I _ my lost necklace.A. couldnt have fou
42、nd B. shouldnt have foundC. wouldnt have found D. neednt have found13. Can you come to attend our party tonight? Sorry, but I do wish I _A. had B. can C. will D. could 14. _ he _ me the news yesterday, I would be at the party now.A. Should; tell B. Did; tellC. Had; told D. Were; to tell15. It is tim
43、e that parents _ more about their childrens mental health.A. can care B. careC. must care D. cared1. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：你不必担心我的学习我非常清楚地知道在学校我该干什么。根据破折号后的内容，可知选neednt。2. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：依照法律要求，证明一个人无罪需要提供足够的证据。表示“要求”的动词require在与其相关的名词性从句中用虚拟语气。3. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：不断地接触到广告是很烦人的，但有时候也让人愉快。can表“有时会”，不表具体某事的可能性，常与
44、sometimes/at times等连用。4. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：如果我可以问的话，我想问一个问题。must(必须); need(需要); will(决心，要); may(可以)。这里表示请求允许，选D项。5. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：你去哪儿了？路上堵车了，否则我会早早就来到这里。第一空表过去受阻，用被动语态got stuck；第二空为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用would have done形式。6. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：这里太冷了，为什么不关门？很抱歉，门关不上，我会尽快找人来修理。wont与某些动词连用，表主语的性质特征，不强调动作本身，一般用主动表被动。7.
45、 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：那个沮丧的母亲心里想：“要是我知道此刻我儿子的大脑里到底发生了什么就好了。”if only从句中对现在的虚拟用一般过去时。8. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：Mary可能把空瓶子放在什么地方了？她不可能把它们都扔掉了，瓶子一定在某个地方。第一空在疑问句中表可能性，只能用can；第二空表“不可能做了某事”，用cant have done，注意不可以用mustnt表推测。9. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：我想知道Sue五点是否能到这。别担心！她只是去接孩子。到时她该回来了。should表“理该会，按照道理应该”。10. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：你可以用我的自行车，条
46、件是在我离开这之前你得还我车。shall此处表承诺。11. 【答案】 B【解析】 句意：如果明天下雨，我们将推迟参观杨浦大桥。主句中用would have to表对将来的虚拟，从句中使用should，将其提前并同时省略了if。12. 【答案】 A【解析】 句意：我真的不知道该怎么感谢你。要不是你的帮助，我就不可能找到丢失的项链。couldnt have found 表示对过去的否定推测，符合句意。shouldnt have found表责备；wouldnt have found(本不会发现而发现了)；neednt have found(没必要发现而发现了)，这三项均不符句意。13. 【答案】
47、D【解析】 句意：今晚你能参加我们的晚会吗？对不起，但我的确希望我能。wish的宾语从句中，对将来虚拟用过去将来时， 在本句中could could go to your party, 为避免重复，只保留could。14. 【答案】 C【解析】 句意：如果他昨天告诉我这个消息，我现在就会在聚会上了。这是个错综时间的虚拟语气，从句与过去的事实相反，应该是If he had told me the news yesterday, 本句将had提前并同时省略了if，所以选C项。15. 【答案】 D【解析】 句意：该到家长们更多地关心孩子精神健康的时候了。Its time that从句中从句时态用一般过去时。 请使用“课后训练语法专项突破九”活页练习，及时查漏补缺！
