1、Section_Grammar_&_Writing定语从句()一、定义1在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as等)和关系副词(when,where,why等)。关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。3定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。本单元主要讲述关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。二、关系代词的基本用法1that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。
2、The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.(作主语，指人)刚才与我说话的小女孩是我的同学。The film(that)we saw yesterday is interesting.(作宾语，指物)我们昨天看的电影很有趣。考题印证1(山东高考改编)The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.that/which2which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。China is a country whic
3、h has a long history.(作主语)中国是一个历史悠久的国家。The car(which)my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.(作宾语)我叔叔刚买的小汽车在地震中被损坏了。(安徽高考改编)The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(重庆高考改编)Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.考题印证2
4、which/thatwhich/that3who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.(作主语)正在与我父亲谈话的那个人是警察。The professor(who/whom)you wish to see has gone abroad.(作宾语)你希望见到的那位教授出国了。4whom指人，为who的宾格。在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。He is the man(whom)you are looking for.(作宾语)他就是你正在寻找
5、的那个人。The woman(whom)you saw just now is our English teacher.(作宾语)你刚才看见的那位女士是我们的英语老师。5whose 既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country.(作定语，指人)这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。He lives in a room whose window faces north.(作定语，指物)他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(全国卷改编)The prize will go to the
6、 writer story shows the most imagination.(山东高考改编)A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.考题印证3whose点津 whose通常可用“then.of whom/which”替换，以上两句可以分别替换成：This is the woman scientist,the name of whom is known all over the country.He lives in a room,the window of which
7、faces north.whose三、关系代词指物时只用that不用which的情况1当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词或由every,all,any,few,much等修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都做了。考题印证4(陕西高考改编)Please send us all the information you have about the cand
8、idate for the position.(全国卷改编)I refuse to accept the blame for something was someone elses fault.thatthat2当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好看的电影。4当先行词被the very,the only等词修饰时。I
9、have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。The only thing that you told me is to take good care of your child.你告诉我的唯一的一件事情就是照顾好你的孩子。5当先行词前面有who,which等疑问词时。Who is the man that is standing by the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？Which is the hotel that you stayed at last month?上个月你住的是哪一家旅馆？6当先行词既指人，又指物
10、时。They talked about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们谈论起在工厂里看到的人和事。.选词填空(who/whom/which/that/whose)1Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago?2Some countries names I had never heard of before were shown on the map.3Anyone failed to come to the meeting ye
11、sterday must give his reason.that/whichwhosewho/that4All we need is enough rest after long hours work.5On the train I saw a girl I thought was your sister.6Have you seen the film Titanic leading actor is world-famous?7This is the best film has been shown so far in the city.8The pen he bought yesterd
12、ay is the same as mine.thatwho/thatwhosethatthat/which.单句改错1The room which windows face to the north is mine.2Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.3This is the only one of the rooms that are free now.whichwhose在eat前加who或thatareis4The story that you told me it is in the library.5Those who
13、 has finished may go home.6He is one of the teachers who knows French in our school.7I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.8Anyone who break the law will be punished.去掉ithashaveknowsknow去掉on或whenwhichbreakbreaks新闻报道5月1日，高二(3)班的学生志愿者Li Yue 和Zhang Hua去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home)开展志
14、愿者活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等)。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100词左右的新闻报道。1时间、地点、人物、活动；2老人们的反应；3简短评论。Student volunteers brought sunshine to the elderlyOn May Day,Li Yue and Zhang Hua,students from Class Three,Grade Two,went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work.Upon their arrival,Li Yue and Zhang Hua were
15、 warmly welcomed,and respectfully,they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits.Then,they started working at once,cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor.Everything done,they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.When it was time for the volunteers to leave,the elderly people tha
16、nked them for their kindness.They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy.What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.By Chen Jie,School Newspaper本则新闻报道包含了标题、导语、主体、结语四个部分，结构完整。时间、地点、人物、活动等新闻要素齐全且叙述简洁、客观，符合新闻报道
17、的要求。亮点一：句Everything done,they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.为独立主格结构；句What they did has brought joy to.为主语从句。这样的语句使文章充实而富有英语特色，显示了作者深厚的语言功底。亮点二：在语言表达上使用了did some voluntary work(句)，be warmly welcomed(句)，present sb.with sth.(句)，chat with sb.(句)，thank sb.for sth.(句)，enrich ones life(句
18、)等高级词语和现在分词作伴随状语等高级表达，此外句还使用了such.that.状语从句，使文章语言丰富多彩又不失简洁。亮点三：使用了upon ones arrival(句)，then(句)，everything done(句)，when it was time for the volunteers to leave(句)等衔接词句，使文章过渡自然。如何写英文新闻报道英文新闻报道通常包括下面四个部分：1标题：标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括。为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读，好的标题应该简洁明了。A Terrible EarthquakeA Sandstorm
19、Hit the NorthwestChina the First Spacewalk2导语：导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。On March 11,2011,a worst earthquake struck Japan.On Sunday,September 28,2008,three Chinese astronauts landed safely back on the earth.3主体：主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。主体要根据不同内容运用适当句型对新闻细节进行描述。The earthquake destr
20、oyed nearly everything in Wenchuan County,Sichuan Province.The government sent 3,000 firefighters and policemen there to help them move to a safe place.4结束语：一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结。有时，作者根据报道会在结束语中提出令人深思的问题。In a word,it is necessary for us to learn to protect ourselves.I feel sad.If we all do so
21、mething for them,things will be sure to get better.I believe we can certainly overcome the disaster with the public and the government working together.黄金表达1陈述事实常用的句型：A terrible storm hit/struck.It was a cool autumn night.With the help of.2陈述观点常用的词组(句型)：clearly/obviously;in my opinion;It seemed that
22、.3揭示原因的表达方式：because./because of.;since.;as a result of.;thanks to.4总结全文的句型：In a word.To draw a conclusion.I believe.昨晚，本市的一座办公楼发生火灾。假设你是一名校报记者，请根据以下提示用英语为校报写一篇报道，介绍火灾的情况。时间：昨晚9点。火情：火焰夹杂黑色浓烟从六楼冒出；有煤气罐爆炸声；据说大火从一楼开始逐渐烧到楼顶；一些窗户和砖墙因为火灾的高温而倒塌。死亡：无死亡发生。救援：许多消防队员和消防车迅速赶到；花了接近2个小时才把火扑灭。注意：1可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2词数
23、：100词左右。_参考范文：A Terrible FireA big fire happened in one office building in our city at about nine oclock last night.In the beginning,we saw flames with thick black smoke coming out from the sixth floor,and we also heard the explosion of the gas tank.It was said that the fire started at the first flo
24、or,spreading one by one to the floors above,and finally reached the top floor.Some windows and brick walls were burnt down because of the heat of the fire.Many people stood outside on the streets watching the fire in horror.Many firemen and fire engines came quickly.Luckily,there was no person in the office building when the fire broke out.It took about two hours for the firemen to put out the big fire.
