1、专题12 语言与学习【美文阅读1】导读：随着中国在世界经济舞台的强势崛起，中国热也持续升温。越来越多的西方人开始迷上了古老神秘的中国文化。孔子学院以前所未有的模式，敲开了文化传播的世界之门。Confucius InstitutesIf Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them
2、out. While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. Its nothing personal. Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confuci
3、us. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes i
4、n more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art, history and philosophy. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks
5、of Westerners philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Ch
6、inese customers. So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday i
7、s.孔子学院如果孔子仍在人世，并且能在9月28日买个生日蛋糕来庆祝，那么蛋糕上可需要很多很多的蜡烛。他得需要一台风扇或者一阵大风才能把蜡烛熄灭。虽然在这个特别的日子，很多中国人会纪念孔子，在美国却没有几个人能想起他。这事无关个人。大多数美国人甚至不记得自己的国家英雄的生日。但是，这并不意味着美国人不喜欢孔子。在很多方面，孔子已经成为了外国人深入了解中国必须跨越的一座桥梁。在过去的二十年里，汉语学习项目在西方的大学中受到了很大的欢迎。最近，中国政府在80多个国家创办了孔子学院。这些学院教授汉语和中国文化。主要的中国文化课程一般包括中国艺术、历史和哲学。一些社会学家建议西方人应该利用古老的中华智慧
8、来弥补西方哲学的不足。同时，美国的学生在竞相学习中文。这样，他们就会为生活在一个中国与美国势均力敌的世界做好准备了。想要在中国赚钱的商人们也在阅读有关孔子的书籍，以便能够更好地了解他们的中国客户。由此可见，这位老思想家的理念仍然具有很强的生命力。今天的中国比以往任何时候都更加吸引着西方世界，这也就需要更多的师资力量将孔子和中国文化传播到西方。至于这位老思想家，尽管他的生日被西方人遗忘了，他的思想却会被人们所铭记。重点单词:1. Confucius knfju:js n. 孔子（中国哲学家，教育家）2. drawback drbk n. 缺点，不利条件3. Philosophy flsf n.
9、哲学；哲理；人生观重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. If Confucius were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles.如果孔子仍在人世，并且能在9月28日买个生日蛋糕来庆祝，那么蛋糕上可需要很多很多的蜡烛。这是一个使用了虚拟语气的主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句。If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（与现
10、在事实相反）If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（与过去事实相反）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（与将来事实相反）2. put out 熄灭，生产。如：The boys quickly put out the fire with water and an old coat.那些男孩们很快地用水和旧外衣把火熄灭了。The
11、company puts out 2,000 computers every month.这家公司每月生产二千台计算机。3. care about担心，关心。如：I really care about the students in my class. 我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。They dont care about the expenses. 他们对费用不在乎。4. set up 建立；开办；建起。如：In remembrance of the battle, we set up a museum.为纪念那次战役, 我们建立了一座博物馆。He set up the statue in th
12、e square.他把雕像竖立在广场里。5. Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.一些社会学家建议西方人应该利用古老的中华智慧来弥补西方哲学的不足。（1）suggest作建议讲时，接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略。作暗示，表明讲时， 接宾语从句,从句用陈述语气。如:She su
13、ggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行。The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry. 他脸上的表情表明他很生气。（2）make up for补偿，弥补。如：You have to make up for our loss.你们必须对我们的损失作出补偿。What he lacks in speed he makes up for in strength.他的力量弥补了他速度的不足。6. as for关于，
14、至于。如：As for his loneliness, I do understand it.关于他的孤寂，我是再了解不过了。As for me, I teach art.至于我自己，我教艺术。【美文阅读2】导读：古人云“宁可三日食无肉,不可一日居无书”，可见读书的重要和乐趣。 手捧一卷书，足不出户我们就可以横越苍茫大海、漫步丝绸之路。Why Do I ReadI grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves
15、, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in. With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided
16、to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with
17、so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other peoples writing can one discover what works, what doesnt and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has. Now I am in college, and have come to realize how import
18、ant it is to read fictionAs a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matterthe volume of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called
19、life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldnt necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.缘何读书小时候，我们
20、家里很少开电视，我卧室的一面墙壁上都是书架，童年的大部分时间我都是与书为伴度过的。实际上，在成长的过程中，我一直认为读书和呼吸一样自然，而且书籍有着令人难以置信的强大力量，它创造着我们身处的社会，从而塑造着我们的观点。怀着这种坚定的信念，十四岁时我就立志要成为一名作家。说到写作，读书就非常有用了。每个作家都是从这个阶段开始的：觉得自己有话要说，但是却苦于找不到表达的方法。他需要博览群书，找出自己同意的或者反对的内容，又是哪些内容重塑了自己的内心世界，这样他才能表达出自己的观点。不热爱读书的人就不会写作，因为只有通过阅读他人的作品他才能发现哪些方法可行，哪些不可行，最后，经过大量的练习，他就会找
21、出自己的写作方法。如今我上了大学，越发慢慢意识到多多阅读文学作品的重要性。作为一个法律专业的学生，我的阅读量实际上仅限于专业文献每周必读的和功课有关的书籍已经很多，我几乎没有时间读其他的书了。这样的阅读让我清楚地知道在漫漫人生中我所处的不过是方寸之地。阅读文学作品时刻提醒我在自己的生活之外还另有天地。坐在扶手椅中，我就可以舒舒服服地横越苍茫大海、漫步丝绸之路，虽然只是间接的体验，我却经历了有生之年未必有机会去经历的新奇和刺激。重点单词：1. perspective pspektv n. 观点2. fiction fk()n n. 小说3. reshape riep vt. 改造；再成形4. v
22、olume vljum n. 量5. necessarily ness()rl adv. 必要地；必定地，必然地重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. turn on打开；发动。如： He asked me to turn on the radio for him.他让我替他打开收音机。2. take part in 参加。如：He will take part in a chess tournament next week. 下星期，他将要参加一场国际象棋比赛。3. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading
23、 other peoples writing can one discover what works, what doesnt and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has. 不热爱读书的人就不会写作，因为只有通过阅读他人的作品他才能发现哪些方法可行，哪些不可行，最后，经过大量的练习，他就会找出自己的写作方法。“Only + 状语”位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。如：Only in each afternoon does the university library open.大学图书馆只有每天下午才开放。
24、4. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life.这样的阅读让我清楚地知道在漫漫人生中我所处的不过是方寸之地。本句中的it作形式宾语，代替后面的that从句。如：I think it best that you should stay with your friends. 我认为你最好和朋友们待在一起。练习：1. Only in this way _ to make improvement in the operating
25、system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope 2. What effect does reading have on the author?答案：1. C 【解析】“Only + 状语”位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。选项D时态不对。句意：只有用这种方式你才能有希望改进操作系统。2. It opens up a wider world for him. “语言与学习”是高考常考的话题之一。本话题包括英美英语的差异、英语和文化、语言学习的困难和策略、语言和交际的态度、学习方法和学习策略等方面。这些话
26、题与学生的日常学习密切相关，通过这些话题的学习和考查，可以让学生了解西方语言的特点及其语言背后的文化差异，研究学习方法和策略，激发学生学习外语的热情，促进他们的身心健康。【高考探究】近几年高考英语中本话题常以听力、阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式来进行考查，例如2018年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇；2018年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年高考新课标卷1完形填空；2016年四川卷完形填空；2016年浙江卷阅读理解C、D两篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解A、D两篇；2016年江苏卷阅读理解A篇和天津卷阅读理解A篇；2015年天津卷阅读理解C篇；2014年新课标全国卷阅读理解D篇；2012年四川卷书
27、面表达等。【参考词汇】重点单词.写作必记单词1. absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注；吸引(注意)2. approach v. 接近；靠近；n.接近；方法；途径3. course n. 课程；过程4. difficulty n. 困难，困境5. explain vt.解释，说明explanation n. 解释；讲解；说明6. express v. 表达；表示7. gradually adv.逐渐地gradual adj.逐渐的8. master vt.精通，掌握；n.大师；主人9. overcome v. 克服，解决10. practice n. & v. 练习11. request
28、 v. & n. 请求；要求.阅读识记单词12. accent n. 口音；腔调；重音13. accumulate vt.& vi.积累；积聚accumulation n. 积累，积聚14. accurate adj.准确的，精确的accurately adv.精确地，准确地accuracy n. 精确，准确15. classify vt.分类16. consult v. 咨询17. correction n. 改正18. effective adj.有效的effect n. 效果，作用19. dialect n. 方言，土语20. enlarge vt.扩大21. enrich vt.丰富2
29、2. excellent adj.极好的，优秀的excellently adv.极好地；优秀地23. expression n. 表达；表示；表情；词语，措辞24. grasp vt.领会；掌握25. fluently adv.流利地26. frequently adj.频繁地frequent adj.频繁的27. memorize v. 记忆28. pronunciation n. 发音pronounce vt.& vi.发音29. recognize v. 辨认出；承认；识别30. scan vt.& vi.扫读；浏览31. sentence n. 句子32. shortcoming n.
30、 缺点，短处33. shortly adv.不久；简单地，扼要地34. skim vt.& vi.跳读；略读35. spelling n. 拼写；拼法36. standard n. & adj.标准(的)37. straight adj.笔直的；正直的；adv.直接地；坦率地38. stress n. 重音39. term n. 术语；条目40. usage n. 使用；用法41. vocabulary n. 词汇42. wonderful adj.精彩的；了不起的重点短语1. at present目前；现在2. attach importance to重视3. because of因为；由于
31、4. come up提出；走近5. form the habit of养成的习惯6. have a good command of精通7. have a good knowledge of通晓8. insist on坚持9. keep/bear.in mind记住10. look up查阅；向上看11. make progress取得进步12. make full use of充分利用13. pick up(偶然)学得；拾起，捡起；接收14. put.to use使用15. such as例如；像【写作示例】1.英语学习体会(1)enlarge ones vocabulary；(2)refer
32、 to the dictionary. ；(3)focus on learning grammar；(4)form the habit of reading；(5)reading skills/ strategies/abilities；(6)My experience tells me. (7)I practise listening two hours a day. (8)I find it hardest to learn English grammar. (9)The stronger the motivation is, the more quickly a person will
33、learn a foreign language.2.英美英语差别(1)American /British English；(2)There is little/ much difference in grammar. (3)Im confused about the difference between. and. 3.语言与文化(1)language learning；(2)culture difference /diversity；(3)cultivate cross-cultural awareness；(4)Respect others culture and custom；(5)C
34、ulture plays an important role in language learning. (6)Culture understanding enables us to . (7)It is high time for us to treasure and protect culture relics.【话题范文】Protect Traditional Chinese CultureThe protection of national and folk culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity a
35、nd also to the harmonious development between local economic and social development. It is reported that the Guangdong government pays special attention to protecting Chaoju(潮剧)， a local drama born in Chaozhou in the eastern Guangdong province. In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect
36、 traditional culture effectively. To start with, we should make a law to regulate the societys performance. Besides, we should draw more peoples attention to it, for the more they know about the importance of culture protection, the stronger the support we can get from the public. In a word, it is h
37、igh time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture. I阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A What do you do when you need to look something up? Go to the library? Open an encyclopedia（百科全书）? Click onto the Internet? These days, most people go straight to Wikipedia, the online encycloped
38、ia. But how reliable is it?Theres no denying the popularity and usefulness of Wikipedia. It attracts as many as 78 million visitors every month, and the site is available in more than 270 different languages. Its one of the most comprehensive resources available which includes almost all details, fa
39、cts and information that may be concerned. Its got much more information than an ordinary encyclopedia. The site is updated on a daily basis by thousands of people around the world. Anyone with an Internet connection can log on and edit the contents or add a new page. And you dont need any formal tr
40、aining.Of course, there are some controls. Wikipedia has a team of more than 1,500 administrators who check for false information. And main targets for harmful comments（such as politicians）are off-limits to public editing. But with more than 16 million articles to keep an eye on, it isnt easy. So, w
41、hile Wikipedia benefits from being constantly updated with information from all over the world, its also open to “vandals”（恣意破坏公共财物者）.Some of the damage is easy to notice. One person drew devil horns and a moustache on Microsoft chairman Bill Gates photo, while another edited Greek philosopher Plato
42、s biography to say he was a “Hawaiian weather man who is widely believed to have been a student of Barney the purple Dinosaur”.But other things are harder to spot. The most common form of vandalism（恣意破坏公共财物罪） involves adding tiny items of false information into the biography of a famous person. Unbe
43、lievably, some of this misinformation has appeared in newspapers, with The Daily Mail, The Guardian and The Independent all having fallen victim to the dirty tricks. For example, in an article about British comedian Sir Norman Wisdom, one newspaper claimed that he co-wrote Dame Vera Lynns wartime hi
44、t. Therell be bluebirds over the White Cliffs of Dover. He did no such thing. And in other article, it was reported that TV Theme tune composer Ronnie Hazlehurst had written the S Club 7s hit Reach again, not true. So, if youre going to use any information from Wikipedia, make sure you double- check
45、 it first.1.According to the passage, which of the following statements about Wikipedia is true?A.The primary job of the administrators is to guarantee information conveyed is accurate.B.Wikipedia is updated daily so it is the most comprehensive resources available.C.Wikipedia is sure to be attacked
46、 because too many people are using it.D.Whoever has access to the Internet can edit any contents of Wikipedia as they like.2.The main idea of the last two paragraphs is that_.A.information about famous people is likely to be inaccurate.B.all items of false information are not easy to get spotted.C.h
47、owever famous the papers are, they will be cheated.D.you can never be careful enough while updating information online.3.Whats the writers attitude to Wikipedia according to the text?A.Objective.B.Critical.C.SatisfiedD.Supportive4.Which is the best title for the passage?A.The Most Reliable Online En
48、cyclopediaB.Why Is Wikipedia So Popular?C.An Online Encyclopedia With Advantages And DisadvantagesD.How Dose Wikipedia Help You?BKoko the gorilla knew over 1,000 signs based on American Sign Language, and used them to do everything from asking for food to joking around. Her trainer, Penny Patterson,
49、 thought Koko went further still, signing in novel ways and showing complex emotions. According to Ms. Patterson, when a cat that Koko loved was killed in an accident, Koko signed: “Cat, cry, have-sorry, Koko-love.” When Koko died last month, some of her obituaries (讣告) mourned the gorilla who had “
50、mastered American sign language”.Then came the critics, from linguists and experts in sign languages. There is no doubt that animals communicate. Bees can demonstrate the direction and distance of a source of food. Dolphins make noises that function like names. Yet there is an important distinction
51、between communication and language.Take the misleading term “body language”. It is sometimes claimed that words convey just 7% of meaning, and that body language and tone of voice do the rest. But try conveying a fact like “It will rain on Tuesday” with your eyebrows, and the difference becomes clea
52、r. Language allows for clear statements, questions and commands.Noam Chomsky has argued that people have a kind of “universal grammar”, and that all humankinds languages are mere variations (变奏曲) on a theme. He has changed his mind repeatedly on what makes up the essential of human language, but one
53、 obvious candidate is syntaxrules, not just words, which allow the construction of huge variety of meaningful expressions. No language in the world merely uses relevant signs together like communications at the tourist-abroad level of pointing and making exaggerated facial expressions.That gorillas
54、lack syntax should not blind humans to their magnificence. But the fact that Koko could communicate should not mislead observers into thinking she possessed language.5.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 1?A.Describe an amazing animal.B.Inform people of Kokos death.C.Introduce the topic o
55、f the text.D.Show Ms Pattersons technique.6.What can we infer about language according to the text?A.It consists of words and body language and syntax.B.Body language actually cant be taken as language.C.Its power that both humans and animals possess.D.Facial expressions allow for clear statements a
56、nd commands.7.Which of the following can best convey “It will rain on Tuesday”?A.Facial expressions.B.Eyebrow movements.C.Pointing.D.Dialect.8.What is the main idea of the text?A.Human language is different from mere communication.B.Rules play an essential part in human communication.C.Noam Chomsky
57、is a brilliant master of human language.D.Kokos extraordinary skills deserve peoples recognition.C Buttons are found on all sorts of clothing. They are usually small and round and made of metal or plastic. They fasten, or connect, one piece of clothing to another. They make sure your clothes dont fa
58、ll off. When we are speaking or writing in English, buttons can be just as useful.Men or women often wear button-down clothes to the office. Button-down as an adjective means to be conservative(保守的) or traditional. People who are described as buttoned-down stay close as possible to the normal way of
59、 dressing and behaving. They dont wear crazy clothing or do unusual things. People and events can both be described as buttoned-down.If someone is buttoned-up, he or she seems very business-like. In personal relationships, a buttoned-up person is cold and standoffish, meaning they physically and emo
60、tionally keep away from others. Buttoned-up people are not warm or friendly. And they do not share their inner thoughts and feelings with others.In the expression “button up”, button is a verb. It means to stop talking. Now, lets say you find yourself buttonholed in a conversation at a party. The pe
61、rson just keeps talking and talking and talking! Finally, you cant take it any longer. You tell the person to button it! This is a direct, but unacceptable way of saying “stop talking”. Button you lip is another equally rude but effective to stop a person who talks too much.Another kind of difficult
62、 person is someone who pushes your buttons. To push someones buttons means to know exactly how to get that person angry or upset. People who like to push other peoples buttons usually do it for selfish reasons. First they find a persons weak point. Then they use it to upset him.9.Which of the follow
63、ing best describes button-down clothes?A.Comfortable.B.Attractive.C.Formal.D.Loose.10.What does the underlined part “button it” in Paragraph 4 mean?A.Cheer up!B.Calm down!C.Turn away!D.Shut up!11.What does a person want to do if he pushes your buttons?A.Help you out.B.Make you suffer.C.Show he knows
64、 you well.D.Point out your weak points.DCan the way you stand or sit affect your success?This is often discussed in business“the importance of body language”, noted U.S. news website Business Insider. “It actually has an impact on not just the way others look at us, but also how we actually perform.
65、” Thats perhaps why Harvard Business School professor Amy Cuddy shot to instant fame after giving a TED talk on the subject in 2012. According to The New York Times, Cuddy s speech is among the most viewed TED talks of all time.Cuddy and her team study body language, particularly what they call “hig
66、h- power” and “low-power” poses. Their research showed that standing or sitting in a certain way, even for just two minutes, changes ones body chemistry and self-perception.“I wanted to equip people with tools that would help them feel stronger, less fearful, and better able to bring their full, spi
67、rited selves to stressful situations like speaking in class,” Cuddy told CNN.“High-power” refers to the act of taking a posture of confidence, even when you dont feel very confident. Typical high-power poses are about opening up. You stretch and expand your body to take up as much space as possible.
68、 For example, bosses are doing high-power poses when they lean back in their chairs, put their hands behind their heads, and kick their feet up onto their desks. Meanwhile, people take low-power positions when theyre feeling helpless or defeated. They close up, wrapping their arms around themselves
69、and tucking their limbs in.“This isnt about what your body language is communicating to others; its about what your body language is communicating to you. Your body language is changing your mind, which changes your behavior, which changes your outcomes,” said Cuddy.The best-known high-power pose is
70、 nicknamed the “Wonder Woman” pose. You just stand tall with your chest out and your hands on your hips. Why not give it a shot, and see whether you feel more confident than before?12.According to the article, Professor Amy Cuddy wanted her study on body language to _.A.make people fitter and strong
71、erB.help people to become more confidentC.teach people how to make a better speechD.help distinguish between people of different social classes13.Which of the following is probably a high-power pose according to the article?A.Folding your arms when talking with others.B.Looking down while in the pre
72、sence of others.C.Sitting with your arm spread out around the chair next to you.D.Resting your chin on your hands as if wondering about something.14.The main purpose of this article is to _.A.give practical tips on how to communicate with othersB.explain what has made Amy Cuddys TED talk so popularC
73、.explain why Amy Cuddy considers body language importantD.help the reader to tell the different emotions from different poses15.Which of the following can be the best title?A.Posturing for SuccessB.High Power and Low PowerC.Cuddys Researches on BehaviorD.The “Wonder woman” SpeechA【答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C
74、【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在线百科全书维基百科，一部人人可编辑的自由百科全书。它是一个“自由、免费、内容开放”的网络百科全书，很受欢迎，但也有一些虚假信息。1.细节理解题。根据第三段的Wikipedia has a team of more than 1,500 administrators who check for false information. And main targets for harmful comments（such as politicians）are off-limits to public editing.维基百科有一个由1500多名管理员组成的团队，负
75、责检查错误信息。有害评论的主要目标(比如政客)是禁止公开编辑的。可知，管理员的主要工作是保证信息传递的准确性。故选A。2.主旨大意题。文中说维基百科的管理者的主要工作是保证所传达的信息准确无误。最后倒数第二段用一个转折连词“But other things are harder to spot.”最后一段的“Unbelievably, some of this misinformation has appeared in newspapers,”以及最后一句“if youre going to use any information from Wikipedia, make sure you
76、double-check it first.”可知，“有一些是很难发现的，如在名人传记中添加一些小的虚假信息”、“令人难以置信的是，一些错误信息也出现在报纸上”、“如果你想使用维基百科的任何信息，请确保你先仔细检查一下”。由此可知，最后两段主要讲述了并不是所有虚假信息都很容易被发现。故选B。3.推理判断题。文章只是介绍在线百科全书维基百科，包括它的实用性和受欢迎程度，同时也介绍了维基百科存在的问题，而没有发表自己的看法和观点，由此判断作者只是客观介绍，故选A。4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在线百科全书维基百科。第一段提出当你想要查阅一些东西时可直接去在线维基百科。第二段介绍了维基百科的流行性和
77、实用性。第三段介绍了维基百科有一个团队主要负责核查错误的。第四和第五段告诉人们，有些错误可以容易地被发现，但有的也很难发现。最后提出忠告：如果你想使用维基百科的任何信息，请确保你先仔细检查核实。由此可判断出本文主要维基百科既有优点也有缺点。分析选项可知C项适合作文章标题。故选C。B【答案】5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要从一只会手语的黑猩猩Koko引入主题，谈到对人类语言及语言学习的界定。作者认为肢体语言实际上不能被当作语言，语言是可以清晰地陈述、提问和命令的。大猩猩Koko可以交流的事实不应该误导观察者认为她掌握了语言。5.推理判断题。根据第一段由黑猩猩Koko之
78、死引发人们对其逝去之哀悼，最后引出一条对Koko的讣告，说它掌握了美国手语。以及第二段中Then came the critics, from linguists and experts in sign languages. There is no doubt that animals communicate.(接着，来自语言学家和手语专家的批评接踵而至。毫无疑问，动物是会交流的)可知第二段开头马上提出有语言学家对此提出反对，然后文章开始讲述语言学习的规律。由此可推知，第一段在全文中就是引出话题的作用。故选C。6.推理判断题。根据第二段中Yet there is an important di
79、stinction between communication and language.(然而，交流和语言之间有一个重要的区别)以及第三段中Take the misleading term “body language”.(以具有误导性的术语“肢体语言”为例)由此可推知，肢体语言实际上不能被当作语言。故选B。7.推理判断题。根据第三段中But try conveying a fact like “It will rain on Tuesday” with your eyebrows, and the difference becomes clear. Language allows for
80、clear statements, questions and commands.可知但试着用眉毛表达“周二会下雨”这样的信息，差别就会变得很明显。语言可以清晰地陈述、提问和命令。由此可推知，A、B、C选项都属于肢体语言，并不能清晰地陈述，只有D选项“方言”是可以表达“星期二”会下雨这句话的。故选D。8.主旨大意题。根据最后一段That gorillas lack syntax should not blind humans to their magnificence. But the fact that Koko could communicate should not mislead ob
81、servers into thinking she possessed language.可知大猩猩不会语法不应该使人类对它们的伟大视而不见。但是Koko可以交流的事实不应该误导观察者认为她掌握了语言。结合文章主要从一只会手语的黑猩猩Koko引入主题，谈到对人类语言及语言学习的界定。作者认为肢体语言实际上不能被当作语言，语言是可以清晰地陈述、提问和命令的。大猩猩Koko可以交流的事实不应该误导观察者认为她掌握了语言。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是人类的语言不同于单纯的交流。故选A。C【答案】9.C 10.D 11.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了纽扣在日常生活中各种衣服上很常见，但是在英
82、语表达中，纽扣也非常有用，文章列举了几个有关“纽扣”的习惯表达。9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段Men or women often wear button-down clothes to the office. Button-down as an adjective means to be conservative（保守的）or traditional.可知，穿着纽扣的衣服去上班，代表这个人穿得很正式保守。故选C。10.词义猜测题。根据文章第四段Button it后文This is a direct, but unacceptable way of saying “stop talking”.
83、 Button you lip is another equally rude but effective to stop a person who talks too much.可知，当你不想听一个人说话时，可以对他说Button it（闭嘴）。故选D。11.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段To push someones buttons means to know exactly how to get that person angry or upset.可知，push someones buttons为“故意惹恼或激怒某人”。故选B。D【答案】12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A【解析】这
84、是一篇说明文。肢体语言不仅会影响别人对我们的看法，还会影响我们的实际表现。哈佛商学院教授Amy Cuddy和她的团队研究身体语言，特别是他们所谓的权势姿势。他们的研究表明，以某种方式站立或坐着，即使只有两分钟，也会改变人体内的化学物质和自我感知。文章介绍了哪些是权势姿势，研究人员告诉读者肢体语言在改变你的想法，进而改变你的行为，进而改变你的结果。12.细节理解题。根据第五段“I wanted to equip people with tools that would help them feel stronger, less fearful, and better able to bring
85、their full, spirited selves to stressful situations like speaking in class,” Cuddy told CNN.可知在接受CNN采访时表示：“我想给人们装备一些工具，让他们感觉更强大，不那么害怕，更好地把自己带到充满压力的环境中，比如在课堂上发言。”由此可知，Amy Cuddy教授希望她对肢体语言的研究能帮助人们变得更加自信。故选B。13.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中Typical high-power poses are about opening up. You stretch and expand your body
86、 to take up as much space as possible.可知典型的权势姿势是关于开放的。你伸展和扩张你的身体，以占据尽可能多的空间。由此可推知，C选项“将你的手臂展开坐在你旁边的椅子上”是权势姿势。故选C。14.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This isnt about what your body language is communicating to others; its about what your body language is communicating to you. Your body language is changing your mind, w
87、hich changes your behavior, which changes your outcomes,” said Cuddy.可知“这与你的肢体语言在向他人传达什么无关；而是你的肢体语言在向你传达什么。你的肢体语言在改变你的想法，进而改变你的行为，进而改变你的结果，” Cuddy说。结合文章主要说明了肢体语言不仅会影响别人对我们的看法，还会影响我们的实际表现。哈佛商学院教授Amy Cuddy和她的团队研究身体语言，特别是他们所谓的权势姿势。他们的研究表明，以某种方式站立或坐着，即使只有两分钟，也会改变人体内的化学物质和自我感知。文章还介绍了哪些是权势姿势，研究人员告诉读者肢体语言在
88、改变你的想法，进而改变你的行为，进而改变你的结果。由此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是帮助读者从不同的姿势中分辨出不同的情感。故选D。15.主旨大意题。根据第一段Can the way you stand or sit affect your success?可知你站立或坐着的方式会影响你的成功吗？结合文章主要说明了肢体语言不仅会影响别人对我们的看法，还会影响我们的实际表现。哈佛商学院教授Amy Cuddy和她的团队研究身体语言，特别是他们所谓的权势姿势。他们的研究表明，以某种方式站立或坐着，即使只有两分钟，也会改变人体内的化学物质和自我感知。文章还介绍了哪些是权势姿势，研究人员告诉读者肢体语言在改变你的想法，进而改变你的行为，进而改变你的结果。由此可知，A选项“成功的姿态”最符合文章标题。故选A。
