1、高三一轮语法回顾与训练-非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式to do、v.-ing和v.-ed。二、非谓语动词的功能：在句中充当除谓语之外的其他成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等）。注意: 过去分词done 不能充当主语和宾语；having (been) done不能作主语或定语。三、非谓语动词的含义：1. to do 表“为了做”、“结果（常指意料外的结果）”时，常做目的状语和结果状语；表“要去”、“将要”时，常做定语或表语等。2. doing 带有“主动”或“正在 / 一直进行中”的含义；表情绪的v.-ing常表“令人感到”的含义。3. d
2、one 带有“被动”或“已经完成”的含义；表情绪的v.-ed常表“感到”的含义。考点归纳一、不定式to do与v.-ing作主语除固定句型外，v.-ing作主语和不定式to do作主语无重大区别，只是侧重点有所不同。v.-ing常表示泛指的、一般的行为；不定式to do常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。Sometimes shopping from one location to another makes you wait in line.（泛指一般的、通常的行为）It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and cle
3、an the water. （特指一次具体行为）常考固定句型：（1）Its no use / good / fun / pleasure doing sth.Its no use complaining that you dont have an opportunity to land an ideal job.（2）Its +adj. + (for / of sb.) + to do sth.能搭配of或者for的形容词有哪些？归纳如下，请牢记！Its kind / brave / polite / careless / honest / clever of you to do=You ar
4、e kind / brave / polite / careless / honest / clever to doIts important / difficult / necessary / easy for you to do（不能说You are important / difficult / necessary / easy to do）Its brave of you to rescue the child from the burning house. Its difficult for me to handle the problem.二、不定式to do与v.-ing作宾语1
5、. 常接不定式作宾语的动词，即afford / agreeto do sth，（请重点记忆）：afford, agree, aim, bother, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, intend, manage, offer, pretend, refuse, threatenI cannot afford to pay such a price.We decided not to go out because of the weather.2. 常接v.-ing作宾语的动词（短语），即admit / advisedoing sth，请重点记忆：a
6、dmit, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice / practise, quit, risk, resist, stand, suggest, tolerate, feel like, cannot help / resist, be busy, be worthThey couldnt help / resist laughing when they heard the joke. 他们听到这个笑话不禁大笑起来。The movie is worth wat
7、ching.3. 部分动词后即可接不定式也可接v.-ing作宾语，但意思有很大差别： remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做） forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做） try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事mean to do sth. 计划做某事mean doing sth. 意味着
8、做某事cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情4. 一些动词后即可接不定式也可接v.-ing作宾语，意义基本无差异。如：begin doing / to do, start doing / to do, like doing / to do, continue doing / to do等。I like reading / to r
9、ead English novels.5. 常考考点：pretend to do (假装要做)；pretend to be doing (假装正在做)；pretend to have done (假装做了)happen to do (碰巧要做)；happen to be doing (碰巧正在做)； happen to have done (碰巧做了)seem / appear to do（似乎要做）/ to be doing（似乎正在做）/ to have done（似乎做了）As many people do, you often pretend to be working when /
10、while actually you are just wasting time online.三、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作表语1. 不定式、v.-ing作表语无本质区别，一般可以互换。My hobby is collecting / to collect ancient coins.2. v.-ing和v.-ed作表语相当于形容词，但要注意二者的区别：v.-ed表“感到”，一般修饰人；v.-ing表“令人”，一般修饰物。 I am confused with this confusing question.She was really frightened because the
11、news is frightening.3. 常考考点：sth remains to be done （某事）有待做It still remains to be seen whether the differences appear to cause big problems.四、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作定语1. 不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或通常发生的某一动作。He is always the first to come and the last to leave.2. v.-ing做定语，常常表示主动或正在进行的动作。The travel company in
12、 Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. The building being built now is our stadium.3. v.-ed作定语表示被动、或完成的意义。The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems.4. v.-ed和v.-ing作定语相当于形容词的区别：v.-ed表“
13、感到”；v.-ing表“令人”。an interesting movie 一部有趣的电影a frightened girl一个害怕的女孩但v.-ed可用在表示情绪的词语中，需特别记忆：a puzzled expression困惑的表情a determined look一个坚定的眼神an excited scream激动的尖叫声a satisfied smile满意的微笑After hearing the frightening news, she let out a frightened cry.5. 比较下列不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作定语并表示被动的区别The problem to
14、be discussed at the next meeting is of great significance. 下次会议上将要讨论的问题很重要。（不定式做定语 = The problem which is to be discussed at the next meeting is）The problem being discussed at the meeting is of great significance. 正在会议上讨论的问题很重要。（v.-ing做定语 = The problem which is being discussed at the meeting is）The
15、problem discussed at the meeting yesterday was of great significance. 昨天会议上讨论的问题很重要。（v.-ed做定语 = The problem which was discussed at the meeting yesterday was）五、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作宾语补足语1. 多数动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语：如ask, tell, want, wish, order, instruct, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, req
16、uire等，即 ask sb. (not) to do等结构。其被动结构为：sb be asked (not) to do sth.My reply made him smile, and he asked me to write an essay on that subject.The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.2. 部分动词后需使用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，如感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe和使役动词
17、let, have, make，即see sb. do等结构，常表示动作的整个过程；但在被动语态中仍需使用带to的不定式。He was made to sit in a front seat for his poor eyesight.They were observed to open the window and jump into the house.注意：（1）let / have sb. do结构(仅限主动语态)，表达“让/使某人做”。（2）get sb. to do sth.“使 / 让某人做”。3. 常考考点： （1）see / notice / watch / observe
18、/ hear + 宾语 + do（全过程）/ doing（正在进行）/ done（被动）（2）have / get / make / leave / keep + 宾语 + done 使被做 （3）leave / keep + 宾语 + doing 使一直做（4）find sb / oneself + doing（表主动、进行）发现某人自己 find sb / oneself + done （表被动） （5）catch sb + doing 抓到某人正在做（6）with 的复合结构： with + 宾语 + doing 表示主动、正在进行的动作 with + 宾语 + done 表示被动、完成
19、的动作 with + 宾语 + to do 表示尚未进行的动作（无被动）（7）make oneself done使某人自己被The fans burst into scream the minute they saw Micheal Jackson dancing to the music on the stage.With time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past. He sat on the chair, with his hands tied behind his back.With a lot of work to
20、 complete, she was not allowed to ask for a leave.If you want to make yourself understood, you may as well give an adequate explanation for being late. 六、不定式、v.-ing、v.-ed作状语1. 不定式作状语通常表示：（1）原因（多用在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词后面）。When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs c
21、ould not only run like the others but also climb trees. 当科学家们检查骨骼的时候，他们惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅能够像其他动物一样跑而且能够爬树。（2）目的（可用so as to, in order to替换，但so as to不能用于句首）。Parents and children should communicate more often to narrow the gap between them so that they can understand each other better. 父母和孩子应该多交流，缩小他们之间的隔阂，以便
22、于他们能更好的理解彼此。（3）结果（only to do表出乎意料的结果）。He hurried to the train station, only to be told the train had left. 结果被告知（4）常考的评论性状语（插入语），请牢记：to be frank / honest坦率地说to be sure毫无疑问to be short长话短说to tell the truth说实话to make matters worse更糟糕地是to begin with首先to sum up总的来说To tell the truth, I dont agree with you
23、.2. v.-ing做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。它与句子的主语构成主动关系。（1）作时间状语v.-ing的一般式（doing）作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。v.-ing的完成式（having done）作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.（2）作原因状语Living far from the school, I have to get
24、up early in the morning. （3）作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果，基本相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句。The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. （4）作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。Now there is a system where the waste is disposed of (处理) using the principles of ecology.Following Tom, we started to climb.Peop
25、le at that time probably cooked their food in large pots, using twigs树枝to remove it.（5）作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的评论性状语，请牢记：generally speaking一般说来 strictly / technically speaking严格地说来honestly / frankly speaking说实话 allowing for / considering 考虑到roughly speaking 大致说来 judging fr
26、om / by 由判断Generally speaking, a good listener participates in the conversation, offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing freely. 一般而言，善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出想法和问题，从而使得谈话能顺畅地进行下去。Judging from / by her accent, she must come from Australia.3. v.-ed在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式状语。它与句子的主语构成被动关系。(W
27、hen) asked about his address, he didnt make a response.The pop star hurried up to her car, followed by her fans.Infected with the H1N1, the little boy was separated from the other children.4. 某些v.-ed已经形容词化，常常出现于一些系表结构中，或单独拿出来作状语。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost迷路的，seated坐，hidden躲，lost / abso
28、rbed in沉溺于，dressed in穿着，tired of感到厌倦 Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.Lost in the mountains for a week, we were finally saved by the local police.强化训练一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的适当形式。1. When _ (visit) London on holiday in 1906 he was surprised _ (find) most of the citys depar
29、tment stores were no match for their American competitors.2. Many child-development experts agree that _ (tie) a childs allowance to chores can be a slippery slope.3. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste, _ (result) in death or _ (injure).4. Dad would work _ the farm
30、, _ (ease) the economic and physical burdens grandpa carried.5. Whats the best way _ (prevent) diseases _ (cause) by biting insects?6. I heard a passenger behind me _ (shout) to the driver, but he refused _ (stop) until we reached the next stop. 7. _ (punish) by his boss several times, he was in _ v
31、ery bad mood.8. Deeply _ (move) by what he said, I felt like _ (say) something, but I couldnt speak out a word.9._ (represent) our universitys student association, we went to the Capital International Airport _ (meet) this years international students.10._ (hear) her coughing bitterly one night, I d
32、ecided _ (pull) her from local swim team.11.It was difficult for her _ (accept) that she wasnt a _ (win).12.With so many people _ (come) to pick up their children, traffic jams are frequent near our school gate, _ (cause) a lot of inconvenience to us.二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。1. At that time,
33、 hunger was a disturbed problem in the countryside, making him disturbing.2. A small book explained how to cut the death rate from having and cared for babies caught my eye.3. As time going on, many people are convinced that use a computer is a must in the modern world.4. When faced a problem, I can
34、not simple shrug my shoulders and give up.5. After he heard from the bad news, his face took on a worrying expression.6. He went out to play, left his homework unfinished, that made him punished by his teacher.7. With the help of Tom, a roommate of me, Ive soon got used to live without my parents ar
35、ound.8. Quantities of classes teaching in English provides students with a better environment.9. Technically spoken, its worthwhile improve working conditions for factory workers.10. Today we use chemicals in almost every part of our lives, hoped to make life faster, convenient or just better.三、翻译。1
36、. 在我看来，参加英语演讲比赛对我来说是一个好机会。2. 我写信建议取消“课堂禁止使用智能手机等其他移动设备”的禁令。3. 看到你的广告后，我想更多了解关于你六周英语课程的细节。4. 为了更好地利用我们读过的书籍，我们可以自由交换书籍。5. 被邀请参加聚会是我的荣幸。6. 不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。7. 期望被一所重点大学录取，我意识到学好英语的重要性。8. 为了激发我们的兴趣，开阔我们的视野，我们校报将开办一个新的栏目。9. 在网上买书是节省时间和金钱最好的方式之一。10. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。参考答案：一、填空1. visiting; to find 2.
37、 tying 3. resulting; injury 4. on; easing 5. to prevent; caused 6. shouting; to stop 7. Having been punished; a 8. moved; saying 9. Representing; to meet 10. Hearing; to pull 11. to accept; winner 12. coming; causing二、改错1. disturbed - disturbing; disturbing - disturbed2. explained - explaining; care
38、d-caring3. going - goes或as-with; use - using4. faced后加with或faced - facing; simple - simply5. 去掉from; worrying - worried6. left - leaving; that - which7. me - mine; live - living8. teaching - taught; provides - provide9. spoken - speaking; improve前加to或improve - improving10. hoped - hoping; convenient
39、前加more三、翻译1. As far as I am concerned, its a good chance for me to participate in the English Speaking Competition.2. I am writing to suggest lifting/abolishing/cancelling/calling off the ban on using smart phones and other mobile devices in class.3. Having seen / After seeing your ad, Id like to kn
40、ow more details about your six-week English course.4. To make full use of the books we had/have read, we could/can exchange books freely.5. Its an honor for me to be invited to attend the party.6. Its no use complaining without taking action.7. Expecting to be admitted to a key university, I am aware of the importance of studying English well.8. In order to arouse our interests and broaden our horizons, our school newspaper will start a new column.9. Buying books on the Internet is one of the best ways to save time and money.10. Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.
