1、Unit 4Earthquakes (一)阅读词汇明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1earthquake n地震2crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声vt.& vi. (使)开裂；破裂3smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的4farmyard n. 农场；农家5dam n. 水坝；堰堤6canal n. 运河；水道7steam n. 蒸汽；水汽8dirt n. 污垢；泥土9extreme adj. 极度的10survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物11track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹12shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处13reporter n. 记者14outline n. 要点；大
2、纲；轮廓15headline n. 报刊的大字标题16cyclist n. 骑自行车的人第二组：写其形1burst vi. 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2event n. 事件；大事3ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产4suffering n. 苦难；痛苦5destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭6useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的7rescue n& vt. 援救；营救8trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境9electricity n. 电；电流；电学10disaster n. 灾难；灾祸11bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏12title n. 标题；头
3、衔；资格13damage n& vt. 损失；损害14judge n. 裁判员；法官vt. 断定；判断；判决 (二)表达词汇晓其变、通其用1nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的nationality n国籍2shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的3injure vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的4express vt.表示；表达 n快车；速递expression n表达；表情5frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬fri
4、ghtened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的6congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺7sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的 (三)常用短语多积累、准运用1right away 立刻；马上2think little/nothing of 认为没什么3at an end 结束；终结4in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5dig out 掘出；发现6a (great) number of 许多；大量的7be proud of 以而自豪8judging from 从判断9b
5、e trapped in 陷入10be buried in 埋头于11as if 仿佛；好像(四)经典句式明特点、会仿用1as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句悟原句It seemed as if the world was at an end！背佳句(2020全国卷)I always read, using different voices, as though (as if) I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it！2leave宾语宾补“使处于某状态”悟原句Thousands of families were
6、 killed and many children were left without parents. 背佳句Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.3all . notnot all .表示部分否定悟原句All hope was not lost. 背佳句(2020江苏高考)In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree thats true. But not all senses of hum
7、or are created equal.1.表示“程度”的副词集锦extremely 极度地entirely 完全地completely 完全地perfectly 完美地wholly 完全地totally 完全地2.聚焦ing/ed结尾的形容词3.“立刻；马上”来集合4.“thinkadv.of ”短语扫描think little of认为没什么think highly of 高度重视think well of 重视 think poorly of 轻视think badly of 认为不好.用所给词的适当形式填空1(2020江苏高考)But life that depends on thi
8、ngs thought to be useless (use), life even without DNA.2(2020新高考全国卷)The tests show that the social environment is extremely (extreme) influential when were making decisions.3(2020浙江7月高考)We do sincerely (sincere) hope that your health will improve soon and we are also expecting your early return to C
9、hina.4Her astonished expression (express) suggested that she didnt expect that result.5He went through a lot of sufferings (suffer) before the company was founded.6Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the injury was not serious, not life threatening.(injure)7The
10、 headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)8He was shocked at the shocking news, for I could see his shocked look on his face.(shock).介、副词填空1My holiday is at an end and I have to go back to work tomorro
11、w.2I was trapped in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.3When I came in, he was buried in playing computer games.4The guy is always making phone calls to her, but she thinks little of him.5The strong earthquake left the city in ruins merely in several seconds.6Judging from/by his happy loo
12、k, he must have passed the exam this time.7Rescuers are working to dig out those trapped in rubble.8I would like to express my thanks to my friends who often help me when Im in trouble.选词填空1burst in/burst intoSuddenly the door opened, a group of children burst into the room.Suddenly the door opened,
13、 a group of children burst in. 2a number of/the number ofA number of people were killed in the earthquake. We dont know exactly the number of them.As you can see, the number of cars on the roads keeps rising these days. 3.ruin/damage/destroyThe palace was destroyed completely rather than was slightl
14、y damaged, which cant be repaired, leaving only ruins.4congratulate/celebrateLi Ping was admitted to Beijing University, so her parents held a party to celebrate it. At the party, their friends congratulated them on their daughters success. .写出加蓝部分在语境中的含义1Police have been tracking the four criminals
15、 all over Central America.追踪2The new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.概述3As soon as I receive payment I will express the book to you.快递4Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.
16、However, be careful not to go to extremes.走极端5Anyone touching that wire could get badly shocked.使触电It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.使震惊Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.休克It was such a shock when they announced the
17、 winner was Cart.令人震惊的事.补全句子1你真不应该让儿子一个人在房间里老是看电视。(leave . doing .)You shouldnt have left your son alone in the room watching TV all the time. 2无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈欢迎。(everywhere)Everywhere he went, he received a warm welcome.3我童年时代的一切都在我的脑海中浮现，就好像它们刚刚发生过一样。(as if)Everything in my childhood crowded upon my
18、 mind as if they had just happened.4并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思，例如点头。(部分否定)Not all body language means/All body language doesnt mean the same thing in different countries, such as nodding.1burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发burst in突然闯进；突然插嘴burst into 闯入burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支burst out doing (l
19、aughing/crying)burst inton.(laughter/tears) 突然(大笑/大哭)起来演绎法练通单句语法填空(2020天津5月高考)But after the operation, Susan burst into tears for a different reason: across the cut on their newborn sons back was a sweet winter scene, handdrawn on his bandages (绷带). Hearing this, the whole class burst out laughing (
20、laugh)and my deskmates face turned red.对比填空：in/intoHe burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.易混辨析burst in, burst intoburst into和burst in意为“闯入；突然破门而入”，短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into后接宾语。2ruin
21、nU毁灭；毁坏；常用复数废墟；遗迹vt.(使)毁灭；成为废墟；使破产(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/声誉/前途演绎法练通单句语法填空Giving up learning means ruining yourself (you)With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins (ruin)一
22、句多译他犯了个错误，这让他失去了拿第一的机会。He made a mistake, which ruined his chance of taking the first place.(定语从句)He made a mistake, ruining his chance of taking the first place.(分词作状语)3bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；隐藏单句语法填空Buried (bury) in his study, he wasnt aware that all the others had left.Burying (bury) his face in his hands
23、, he tried to control his weeping.句型转换Burying themselves in heavy school work, they didnt know it was raining outside.Buried in heavy school work, they didnt know it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语)归纳法记牢bury ones head/face in ones hands用手捂住头/脸bury oneself inbe buried in 埋头于；专心于 联想发散表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：b
24、e absorbed/engaged inbe devoted tobe lost in focus onconcentrate onfix/concentrate ones attention on4judge n裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决单句语法填空As the old saying goes, “You cant judge a book by its cover.”Judging (judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people in the club yet.(2020新高考全国卷)H
25、is judgment (judge) and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. 补全句子(2019北京高考书面表达)As far as I can judge, the farmwork programme was very meaningful.我认为，这个农活活动非常有意义。归纳法记牢(1)judge .from/by .从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断(3)judgement n. 判断力；评价名
26、师指津judging from/by表示“从上看；根据判断”，置于句首作状语，构成独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响(如句)。类似用法的词或短语还有：considering, generally speaking, frankly speaking等。1at an end结束；终结(1)at the end of在结束时；在的末端by the end of 到结束时；到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后；终于 使结束 come to an end 完成；结束演绎法练通单句语法填空You should add your name at the end of the repor
27、t.句型转换The meeting was at an end and he set down many key points.The meeting came to an end and he set down many key points.(come)We brought the meeting to an end and he set down many key points.(bring)We put an end to the meeting/put the meeting to an end and he set down many key points.(put)2a (gre
28、at) number of许多；大量的可数名词复数复数谓语(2)the number of可数名词复数单数谓语表示“的数目”不可数名词演绎法练通单句语法填空(2020全国卷)She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.Large amounts of water are needed (need) for cooling purpose every day.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil
29、 are being washed (wash) away.对比填空：a number of/the number of(2020天津7月高考)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level ever since.As China develops fast and steady, a number of foreigners are learning Chinese as a second language.名师指津a number of只修饰可数名词
30、，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式(如句)；the number of意为“的数目”，后接可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式(如句)。3as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句教材原句It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！用法规则as ifas though“似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时(be动词用were)；对过去的虚拟，用had do
31、ne；对将来的虚拟，用would/could/might动词原形。注意事项as though/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。针对训练单句语法填空The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she were (be) their own mother.It seems as if you are (be) really enthusiastic about Chinese culture. So I suggest you apply for Be
32、ijing University, one of the best universities in China.Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done (do) something very clever.句型转换The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.(状语从句的省略)The old man was lying on the ground as if badly hurt.补全句子As can be se
33、en from the picture, a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more.正如图画上所看到的一样，一个男孩肩负着那么沉重的作业以至于他看上去好像再也承受不住了。4部分否定教材原句All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。用法规则all .not .not all .表示部分否定。(1)英语中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, w
34、hole, entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词、副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“不是都；并非都”。(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere 等表达否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。注意事项在英语中常可见到一些形式上否定而意义上则表肯定的句子。如：You can never do the work too well.针对训练句型转换Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, b
35、ecause all of them arent fit for the jobs.Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for the jobs.补全句子I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything.我同意你说的大部分内容，但是我并非同意你讲的一切。The truth is that not everyone is attaching great importance
36、 to time management.事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。一、在考题集训中查验单元语基 (一)高考中的语法填空 1(2020天津7月高考)After everyone concerned were seated, there was a ceremony of raising the national (nation) flag, which made us excited.2(2020天津7月高考)Jones was shocked (shock) when she said that she didnt actually mind being cheated.3(
37、2020天津5月高考)Susan burst into tears after her babys operation because she was moved.4(2020新高考全国卷)After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara. “His family is suffering (suffer) so much.”5(2020浙江1月高考)Every year over 500,
38、000 children die from diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty (dirt) water.6(2019天津高考)Marys description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I had been (be) there.7(2017浙江6月高考)The manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter (report) hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on
39、the spot.8(广东高考)“Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression (express)(二)高考中的阅读理解熟词生义(2020全国卷)The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.比赛项目(2020天津5月高考)However, the disasters t
40、hat occurred in school were even worse.灾难(2019江苏高考)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.爆裂词类活用(2020新高考全国卷)The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.n.庇护(2019全国卷)Mode
41、rn methods for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s.v.追踪生词僻义(2019天津高考)There was not one night that I dont remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.非常(三)高考中的完形填空1(2020新高考全国卷)A flood had hit t
42、he area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds.AwasteBtensionCpain Ddamage解析：选D根据语境和空后的“it caused .”可知，这里指的是洪水带来的破坏(damage)。2(2018北京高考)He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.When the cars owne
43、r John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car which was itself worth 35,000 in Glasgow city centre, they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it.The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was safe.Asatisfied BexcitedCamused Dshocked解析：选D根据空格后面的“to
44、 find two policemen standing next to it”可知，车主看到警察站在车旁边应该是感到“震惊的”(shocked)。3(2018浙江6月高考)I remember back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also played a team sport.By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it 39 .Aat last Bright awayCof cou
45、rse Das usual解析：选B根据上文可知作者到家后只有几个小时的时间做作业，所以必须立即(right away)开始做。at last“最后”；of course“当然”；as usual“像往常一样”。4(2015福建高考)It wasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault.Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly (刻薄
46、)She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her life as well.Adiscuss BrealizeCjudge Dsettle解析：选C由“rather than(而不是)”可知，后面表达的意思应该与“appreciate life(欣赏生活)”表达的意思相反。结合四个选项的含义可知应是如此刻薄地“评判(judge)”每一件事，故选C项。(四)高考中的写作1(2020天津7月高考写作)当看到国旗升起的时候，我们都极其地兴奋。(extremely, national)When seeing the natio
47、nal flag rising, we were extremely excited.2(2018北京高考书面表达)正如谚语所说，活到老学到老。(too .to .)As the saying goes, “One is never too old to learn.”3(2014北京高考书面表达)但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，所以我不能按计划和你一起去。我写信真诚地向你表达我的歉意。(injure, express, sincerely)But now, because my left foot was injured in the football game, I cannot
48、go with you as planned. Im writing to sincerely express my apology to you.二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇melt worsen ruin destroy disappear muddy smelly natural terrible fierce changeable dangerous death survival surroundings cut off be caught in cause damage to come to ones rescue take on a new look 练中巩固.单词拼写1(2020
49、新高考全国卷)Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed (破坏) by the slow drying up of the sea.2(2020全国卷)If you do, you wont be able to handle it and the whole
50、thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins (毁掉) everyones day.3(2020浙江1月高考)The salt lowers waters freezing point, causing ice to melt (融化)4Most of the damage (破坏) thats occurred was simply because of fallen trees.5The car got stuck in the muddy (泥泞的) ground, thus we had to wait for rescu
51、e.6Rubbish makes the environment dirty and smelly (臭味的).单句语法填空1(2020新高考全国卷)In her natural (nature) state, the actor weighed 105 pounds.2(2020新高考全国卷)A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance (disappear) of the Aral Sea.3(2
52、020天津7月高考)But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible (terror) it would have been, had we missed the chance.4School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous(danger) situations.5Hearing the dog barking fiercely(fierce)，away fled the thief.6Those bacteria can increase the chanc
53、e of a heart attack and worsen (worse) the effects of other diseases.7Our new surroundings(surround) are a lot more friendly than we expected.8As we know, exporting is necessary for our economic survival (survive).补全句子1Only with combined efforts can we expect our hometown to take on a new look in th
54、e near future.唯有通力合作， 我们才能期望我们的家乡不久会有新的面貌。2They were cut off for not paying their phone bill.他们未付电话费，被停机了。3If the stranger had not come to her rescue, the little girl would have been drowned.如果那个陌生人没来救这个小女孩的话，她就会被淹死了。4It was because she was caught in the rain yesterday that she fell ill. 是因为她昨天淋雨了，她
55、才病倒的。5I hope all our friends at this conference will make joint efforts to continue to contribute to the comprehensive development of the SinoUK relationship. 我希望出席本次大会的所有朋友共同努力，共同为推动中英友好合作关系的全面发展，不断做出新的贡献。单元主题语篇训练AA tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bear
56、s spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat (栖息地)
57、 of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land,
58、and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. US. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to t
59、he plight (困境) of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. “Today were talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world
60、 each year，” Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlifeviewing tours, said hes been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients (客户) are f
61、rom China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 US. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.语篇解
62、读：本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游业的发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。1What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?AFood shortage.BClimate change.CHabitats movement to shore.DTheir preference for land.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，全球变暖加速了海冰融化，破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，故越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物，故选B。
63、2How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?AExcited.BPuzzled.CConcerned. DShocked.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上，研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所存在的困境，随后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，之前人们普遍对北极熊登陆比较关注。故选C项。3What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AHotels in Kaktovik are in demand in aut
64、umn.BKaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.CInglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.DTourism affects the balance of nature.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall” “Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.”可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几
65、天，而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。4Which saying can describe the text?AThe fittest can survive.BAfter a storm comes a calm.CThere is always opportunity in crisis.DEvery coin has two sides.解析：选D推理判断题。通读文章可知，因为全球气候变暖，北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北极熊登陆却为一个小村庄带来了旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇，同时，村民又利用旅游业带来的
66、收入为北极熊提供更多保护。因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。BEarthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing. Their designers say with these robots, rescuers will be able to buy more time to save lives during an earthquake.This robot, looking like a helicopter, is called the detector (探测器) bot. At about 4
67、 metres long, it took about 4 years to develop the model. Its main functions are to collect information from the air, and deliver goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake.This robot is equipped with a high 360degree panoramic (全景的) camera. It can work day and night and also be able
68、 to send the latest pictures from the quake area.Dr Qi Juntong, from Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, “The most important feature of this robot is that it doesnt need distant control. We just set the information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself. It flies as high as 3,000 metres, a
69、nd as fast as 100 kilometres per hour.”This robot has a different function it can change as the environment changes. Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers cant go.The robot is equipped with a camera that can work in the dark, as well as a detector that not on
70、ly finds people, but can also detect poisonous gas. Another use for the rescuers is the supply bot, with its 10metrelong pipe. People trapped in the ruins will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.Experts have said that the robots will be produced, and serve as part of the national e
71、arthquake rescue team as soon as next year.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。5We can learn from the passage that the earthquake rescue robot .Ais unable to deliver goodsBis designed to predict the earthquakeCcan send pictures even at nightDcan be used to clear away poisonous gas解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这款机器人会全天候24小时工
72、作，也就是说，即使在夜晚它也可以发送照片。6According to Dr Qi Juntong, the earthquake rescue robot .Ahas a unique shapeBhas more functionsCis equipped with more advanced camerasDcan work by itself once given the information解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段可知，这款机器人不需要远程遥控，在设定信息后它可以自行工作。7The robot can find people in an earthquake with the
73、 help of .Aa remote controlBa detectorCa long pipe Da helicopter解析：选B细节理解题。根据第六段可知，这款机器人上的探测器可在地震灾区寻找人。8What is the passage mainly about?ASome information about earthquakes.BHow to build earthquake rescue robots.CAn introduction to a kind of earthquake rescue robots.DDifferent earthquake rescue robo
74、ts in the world.解析：选C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。C(2021昆明质检)Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often cry
75、ing and losing focus in school.Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisillas mom were concerned, but their ideas didnt work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with differe
76、nt looks，” Grimm said. “However, it wasnt sinking in.”Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “Ive never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks
77、before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.The class loved their teachers new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms Grimm cut her hair！”
78、 The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school districts Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have
79、 matching awards，” says Grimm.Prisillas mother, Maria, said that Grimms thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldnt believe it she did something I wouldnt have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，Grimm老师为了安慰她也剪短了自己的头
80、发，这让Prisilla和她的母亲很感动。9Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?AShe wasnt satisfied with her teacher.BShe couldnt concentrate in class.CShe was laughed at by her classmates.DShe couldnt get on well with others.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed,
81、 often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。10What made Grimm have her own hair cut?APraise from her students.BDevotion to her students.CRequest of Prisillas mother.DSuggestion from the hairstylist.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla . she had an idea: Cut o
82、ff her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱剪短了头发。11What can we know about Grimm?AShe had her hair cut together with Prisilla.BShe expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.CShe hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.DShe won a gold medal for facing
83、difficulties bravely.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“Ive never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。12What is the text mainly about?AHow Grimm helped her student out.BWhat problem Prisilla had at school.CWhy Prisilla won the Month Award.DWhen Grimm
84、 got her new hairstyle.解析：选A主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她剪短了自己的头发，故A项正确。tips “两关注”“一防范”破解间接信息题间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。间接细节理解题解题时要仔细阅读题干，通过题干和选项中的关键词及其所提供的信息从原文中找到相应的信息(即定位)，然后把选项中的信息与原文中的信息进行比较和分析，准确理解，作出选择。在做间接细节理解题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和句型结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳和概括。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的迷惑性，错误选项常使用诸如张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、断章取义、颠倒是非、正误参半等方式来造成句意的改变。例如上文第9题中选项C中的was laughed at，是对文章信息When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy的同义替换，同时要防范错选曲解文意的D项。
