1、返回目录 Traffic Jam Module 2 返回目录 Section Other Parts of the Module返回目录 课前教材预案课堂深度拓展课末随堂演练目录Contents 返回目录 课前教材预案知识清单.重点单词基础词汇1_ n (常作复数)道路施工2_ vt.吹响(乐器、号角等)3_ n.喇叭；号角roadworkblowhorn返回目录 拓展词汇1_ vi.反应_ n反应2_ n解答；答案_ v解决3_ n心情；心境_ adj.情绪多变的4_ n拥塞；堆积_ adj.交通拥挤的，车辆阻塞的5_ n执照；登记_ v登记，注册；n.登记簿，花名册reactreactio
2、nsolutionsolvemoodmoodycongestioncongestedregistrationregister返回目录.重点短语1_ 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)2_保持冷静3_肯定不；没门儿4_打开5_心情好6_ 因而闻名Switch offkeep coolno wayturn onin a good moodbe famous for返回目录 7_结果，因而8_在末9_ 被减少了/到10_另外，而且11_ 使不进入12_的清单as a resultat the end ofbe reduced by/towhats morekeepout ofa list of返回目
3、录.重点句型1have sth done 表示“让某事被别人去做”Its a good idea to _ in Chinese.把你的目的地用汉语写出来是个好主意。2“Why not动词原形”意为“为什么不？”_ public transport?为什么不用公共交通工具呢？have your destination writtenWhy not use返回目录 3“leave宾语宾语补足语”结构Dont _.不要让发动机一直开着。leave the motor on返回目录 课文助读原文 The London Congestion ChargeBeijing isnt the only ci
4、ty with traffic problems.You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast，such asSao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria.But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.Los Angeles,which was built with the motor car in m
5、ind，and is famous for its six-lane highways,is now the USAs most congestedcity.返回目录 In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars,and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time.The situation in central London,where drivers spent fifty percent of their ti
6、me in queues，became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.In February 2003 the Mayor of London,Ken Livingstone,introduced a“congestion charge”a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.返回目录 The idea is simple:every car coming into the centrehas to pay 5 a day.Drivers
7、can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 pm.As the cars come into the centre，video cameras record their registration numbers,and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day21.People who do not pay the charge will face22 a fine of23 80
8、.返回目录 Most Londoners are not happy with24 the idea.They agree25 that London has a traffic problem,but the congestion charge is expensive,and limits their freedom返回目录 But does the congestion charge work26？A survey27carried out at the end of 200328 suggests29 it does30.After only six months,traffic co
9、ming into central London was reduced by31 about 30 percent,and journey times32 by 15 percent.More people used public transport to33 get to work,and bicycles were suddenly very popular.Whats more34，central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars35.返回目录 But there are a few
10、 people who think the charge should be much higher36，for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre37 and can easily afford38 it.This would keep even more cars out of39 central London,and the roads would be nearly empty.However,there are no plans to increase40 the charge.返回目录 注解 charge n费用
11、 free of charge 免费get/be stuck in 被困在occur vi.发生，出现it occurs to sb(that)某人想到which 引导定语从句，修饰 cities。such as 例如(表示列举)developed countries 发达国家suffer vi.遭受 suffer from 遭受之苦返回目录 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 Los Angeles。从句中含有 with 复合结构，in mind 在此意为“考虑在内”。be famous for 因而闻名congested adj.拥挤的；堵塞的part of 的一部分where 引导非
12、限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 central London，且在从句中作地点状语。sothat如此以至于返回目录 congestion n拥塞；堆积现在分词短语作定语，修饰 cars。现在分词短语作定语，修饰 every car。pay points 在此处指“收费点”。as 引导时间状语从句。registration n执照；登记a list of 的清单返回目录 21 who 引导定语从句，修饰 drivers。22 face v面对，面临 be faced with 面对23 a fine of 的罚款24 be not happy with 对感到不高兴/不幸福25 agree v同意，
13、意见一致agree 后可接介词 to,with,on 或 that 从句，也可直接跟不定式作宾语。返回目录 26 work v发挥作用，有效果27 survey n调查carry out/do/perform a survey 进行一项调查28 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a survey。29 suggest 此处指“暗示，表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句不用虚拟语气。30 does 在此处是替代词，代替上文中出现的 works。返回目录 31 be reduced by 被降低了，被减少了，by 表示程度，后接数字、百分数等 be reduced to 被减少到32 time n次数33 u
14、seto do 用做be used to do 被用来做34 whats more 此外，另外相当于 in addition。35 even though/if 即使，尽管，引导让步状语从句。36 who 引导定语从句，修饰 a few people。返回目录 37 who 引导定语从句，修饰 rich businessmen。38 afford v负担得起，买得起afford to do 做某事负担得起39 keepout of 使不进入40 increase v增加，提高increase by 增加了increase to 增加到 返回目录 译文伦敦的交通拥堵费北京不是唯一有交通阻塞问题的
15、城市。在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵车。发展快的城市问题最严重，如巴西的圣保罗和尼日利亚的拉各斯。但甚至在一些像美国这样的发达国家的城市里也有这样的问题。洛杉矶，一座在建设时就考虑了机动车辆并以其六车道公路闻名的城市，现在却是美国交通最拥挤的城市。返回目录 大多数欧洲的首都城市在小汽车大量涌现之前就已规划建设好了，因此市中心的堵车长久以来成为人们日常生活的一部分。伦敦市中心的交通状况变得如此糟糕，司机们要用 50%的时间来排队，于是当地政府决定就此采取一些措施。2003 年 2 月，伦敦市长肯利文斯通宣布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥堵费”。返回目录 想法很简单：每辆进入市中心的车一天要交 5 英镑
16、的费用。司机们可以在晚上 10 点之前在首都的 10 000 个收费点中的任何一个上缴该费用。进入市区的小汽车都会被摄像机拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。不缴费者将会面临 80 英镑的罚款。大多数伦敦人对此都不开心。他们认为伦敦存在交通问题，但是“交通拥堵费”太高，而且限制了他们的自由返回目录 但是“交通拥堵费”发挥作用了吗？2003 年年底进行的一项调查结果显示效果很不错。仅仅只是 6 个月之后，进入伦敦市中心的车减少了约 30%，旅程的次数减少了15%。更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行车突然间流行起来。更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。返回目录 但是，
17、有些人认为收费应该更高，(因为)像那些在市中心工作的富有的商务人士能轻松支付此项费用。这(收费更高)会避免更多的车辆进入伦敦市中心，道路也几乎会是空的。但是，伦敦还没有提高该费用的计划。返回目录 课文理解Choose the best answer according to the passage.1Whats a congestion charge?AA tax for cars entering the centre of the city.BA tax for taxis only.CA fine for those who dont obey the traffic rules.DA
18、tax which is very expensive.答案 A返回目录 2If people do not pay the charge,they will.Abe unhappy Bbe fined for 5 a dayChave no freedomDbe fined for 80答案 D返回目录 3Does the congestion charge work in London?ANo.BYes.But most Londoners are not happy with it.CIts hard to say.DNot mentioned in the text.答案 B返回目录
19、4We can infer from the text that _.Acities in developed countries suffer less traffic problemsBLondon was planned and built before carsCdrivers can pay the charge at any timeDthe congestion charge will be reduced soon答案 B返回目录 课堂深度拓展词汇点击switch v转换；转变；改变1 switch v转换；转变；改变(教材 P17)Switch off the motor.关
20、上发动机。返回目录 switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)switch onturn on 把开关打开，接通switch over 换频道；转变switchto 变换/转移到返回目录 When not in a room,youd better switch off all the lights and the fan.当你不在室内时，最好关掉所有的灯和那台电扇。He was tired of teaching and as a result,_writing novels.他厌倦了教学，结果改行写小说了。I dont like to watch this.Theres a b
21、etter programme than this on CCTV 6.Please switch _.我不喜欢看这个。中央六台有比这更好看的节目，换频道吧。switched toover返回目录 Switch _ the recorder,please.I want to listen to some songs.请打开录音机，我想听几首歌。on返回目录 keep cool 保持冷静；保持凉爽2 keep calm保持镇静keep quiet 保持安静keep silent 保持沉默keep still 保持不动keep fit/healthy 保持健康返回目录 Whatever happe
22、ns,the first important thing is to keep cool.不管发生什么事，最重要的是保持冷静。You should _ even in face of danger.即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。I dont know if I should speak to him or _.我不知道我是应该同他说话还是保持沉默。keep calmkeep silent返回目录 You should do more exercises and watch less TV in order to _.为了保持健康你需要多锻炼，少看电视。keep healthy/fit返回目录
23、 react vi.反应；回应；起反应reaction n反应；回应3(教材 P17)React when others drive badly.当别人开车开得不好时做出反应。(1)react to 对作出反应react with 与起(化学)反应react against 反抗，反对react on/upon 对起作用(2)in reaction to 对作出反应返回目录 I shouted at her,but she didnt react at all.我向她大声喊叫，但她毫无反应。I dont know how Mrs Brown will react _ when she hear
24、s the news that her son has won the first place in the competition.我不知道当布朗夫人听到她儿子在比赛中获得第一名的消息时有何反应。The chemistry teacher shows us how iron _air and water.化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气、水起反应的。toreacts with返回目录 The government soon reacted _ all the illegal strikes.政府很快做出回应反对所有这些不合法的罢工。A spokesman said the changes w
25、ere not in reaction tothe companys recent losses.一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。against返回目录 solution n解答；答案solve v解决4(教材 P18)Theres a simple solution to these problems.对这些问题有一种简单的解决方法。a solution to 的解决方法She can find no solution to her financial troubles.她无法克服她的经济困难。返回目录 It took an hour to find the sol
26、ution _ the difficult problem.解决这个难题花了一个小时。The little boy helped his father to solve the mystery.小男孩帮他父亲解开了谜团。to返回目录【提示】常见的与介词 to 连用的名词有：(1)the key to 的答案/钥匙(2)the answer to 的答案(3)the entrance to 的入口(4)the attitude to 的态度(5)the approach to 的方法返回目录 mood n心情；情绪5(教材 P18)Motorists could take a bus into
27、the city centre and arrive at work or the shops relaxed and in a good mood.驾车者可以乘坐公共汽车进入市中心以一种好的精神状态上班或休闲购物。be in a good/happy mood心情愉悦be in a bad mood 情绪低落be/feel in the/no mood for sth/to do sth(没)有心情做某事返回目录 The news had put her in a bad mood.这消息让她心情很糟。He was _ when he got home from work.他下班回到家时心情
28、不错。Im not in _ mood to argue with you.我没心思跟你争论。I was in no mood _ a joke.我没心情开玩笑。in a good moodthefor返回目录 no way(俚语)肯定不；没门儿；不(表断然拒绝做某事)6(教材 P18)There was no way I was going to catch the plane.我没有办法赶上飞机。返回目录 There is no way that 不可能in no way 决不(位于句首，句子要倒装)in the way 妨碍，挡道in a/one way 在某种程度上by the way
29、 顺便说on the way 在途中；即将到来返回目录 You must apologize to her.No way.你必须向她道歉。没门儿。_ we can finish the work in such a short time.在这么短的时间内我们不可能完成这项工作。_ can teaching at school be separated from practice.学校教学绝不能和实际分开。There is no way thatIn no way返回目录 The changes are an improvement _.这些变革从某种意义上说是一种进步。in a/one way
30、返回目录 句型解读have sth done表示“让某事被别人去做”1 Its a good idea to have your destination written in Chinese.把你的目的地用中文写出来是个好主意。返回目录 点拨：本句中 have your destination written 属于“have sth done”结构，其中 have 可用 get 替换。该结构主要有两个意思：(1)让某事被别人去做Its usual for me to have my hair cut every month.我通常每个月理一次发。(2)表示主语的遭遇或经历(尤指不好的)When
31、 Andrew was riding a bike in the street,he had his arm hurt.安德鲁在街上骑车时胳膊受了伤。返回目录 have sb do sth 让/叫/使某人做某事have sb doing sth (用于否定句中)不允许某人做某事have sb/sth doing 叫/让/使某人/某物一直处于某种状态have sth to do 有某事要做(不定式作定语)返回目录 I cant have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner.You must apologize to her immediate
32、ly.我不允许你用那种粗鲁的方式跟你的母亲说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。It is not a good idea to have the machine _(run)all the time.让机器不停地运转不是个好主意。Dont be worried.Ill have Tom _ finish the work.别担心，我会让汤姆帮你完成工作的。runninghelp you返回目录 Can you go to watch the football match with me tonight?Sorry,but I have an important meeting _(attend)今天晚上
33、你和我一起去看足球赛好吗？对不起，我有个重要的会议要参加。to attend返回目录 2“leave宾语宾语补足语”结构Leave the motor on.让发动机开着。点拨：(1)本句中使用了“leave宾语宾语补足语”结构，表示“使/让处于某种状态”。此处，宾语补足语是副词。Dont leave the light on when you go out.出去时，别让灯开着。返回目录(2)该结构中的宾语补足语还有以下几种形式：a名词His parents died,_.父母去世了，他成了孤儿。b形容词Youd better _.你最好让门开着。leaving him an orphanle
34、ave the door open返回目录 c介词短语Just as I got to the school gate,I realised I had left my bank card in the caf.当我刚刚走到学校大门口时，我就意识到把银行卡忘在咖啡馆了。d现在分词(表示主动、进行的动作)The teacher left the classroom angrily,leaving the boy _(stand)in the front of the classroom.让那个男孩站在教室前面，老师生气地离开了教室。standing返回目录 e过去分词(表示被动、完成的动作)Th
35、ey covered him with a blanket,only leaving his eyes _(expose)他们用毯子给他盖上，只留眼睛露在外面。f不定式(表示未发生的动作)Never leave the work for today to be finishedtomorrow.永远不要把今天该做的事情留到明天去完成。exposed返回目录 课末随堂演练.单词拼写1Whats the _(反应)of the United Nation to the international situation?2The economists are trying to come up wit
36、h a _(解决方案)to the global financial crisis.3The telephone wires were _(吹)down by the strong wind.reactionsolutionblown返回目录 4There is always too much _(拥塞)on the road in big cities.5Please write your home address on the _(登记)form.6We cant get through,for there are _(道路施工)ahead.congestionregistrationro
37、adworks返回目录.选词填空in a good mood,keep cool,break the rule,switch off,react to,whats more1Shes young and pretty,and _，she knows several foreign languages.2Im _ today,for I have passed the entrance examination.3Anyone who _ will be punished.4She can _ even under heavy pressure of anger.whats morein a good moodbreaks the rulekeep cool返回目录 5Be sure to _ the light when you leave the office.6How do other scientists and the public _ your research?switch offreact to
