1、专题七 非谓语动词【高频考点解读】 1考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。2考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。3考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。4考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。【热点题型】题型一 非谓语动词作状语例1、 (2013山东，29)I stopped the car _ a short break a
2、s I was feeling tired.Atake BtakingCto take Dtaken【提分秘籍】 1不定式作状语不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)He rushed to school only to fi
3、nd there was nobody there.(结果)2现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表
4、示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.3独立主格结构作状语如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语。(1)名词/主格代词现在分词名词
5、/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。The girl staring at him(As the girl stared at him)，he didnt know what to say.女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。(2)名词/主格代词过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。The problems solved(As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。(3)名词/主格代词不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。He is going t
6、o make a model plane，some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。(4)with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind h
7、is back.他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。【举一反三】(2013安徽，32)_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. ATo found BFounding CFounded DHaving founded【热点题型】题型二 非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语 例2、(2013浙江，7)_ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.AHearing BHear CHavi
8、ng heard DTo be hearing【提分秘籍】 1非谓语动词作主语(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)2非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引
9、导的问句。(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。3非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，post
10、pone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记得曾做过某事记得要做某事forget忘记曾做过某事忘记要做某事try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图(打算)做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事做完一件事后，接着做另一件事stop中断正在做的事中断正在做的事，去做别的事【特别提醒】1动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，逻辑主语可以是物主代词、人称代词的宾格或所有格
11、。Do you mind my/me reading your paper?你介意我看你的考卷吗？2作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。 完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。(1)I regret not having taken her advice.(not须放在having前)我感到遗憾，没有听从她的建议。(2)They couldnt stand being treated like that.他们不能忍受被那样对待。(3)He decided to help me but I pretended to have fin
12、ished my job.他决定帮我，但我假装已经完成工作了。【举一反三】 _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand 【热点题型】题型三 非谓语动词作定语例3、(2013全国，22)They might just have a place _ on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try?Aleave BleftCleaving Dto leave【提分秘籍】1不定
13、式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)I have something important to say.(动宾关系)He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)2动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。a reading room( a room for reading)3现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。The question being discussed (which is being di
14、scussed) now is important.4过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。The question discussed(which was discussed) yesterday is important.【举一反三】Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made 【热点题型】题型四
15、 非谓语动词作宾语补足语例4、(2013陕西，13)Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them.Ato understand BunderstandCunderstanding Dunderstood【提分秘籍】 1advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式作补语。如：Tell the children not to play on the street.The po
16、lice warned us not to go out at night.2make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如：They make the students do too much homework every day.The students are made to do too much homework every day.3感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。从时间上看，不定式表示发生或完成；现在分词强调正在进行；过去分词表示完成。从逻辑关系上看，不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词与宾语之间
17、存在着动宾关系。如：I saw him cross the street.我看到他穿过了大街。I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿过大街。I saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群学生围着他。【举一反三】I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (2012四川卷 8)A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound 【热点题型】题型五 非谓语动词的否定式、进行式
18、、完成式和被动式例5、(2013重庆，34)The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it.Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone【提分秘籍】1非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。He pretended not to see me.I regret not following his advice.Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.2不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进
19、行，不定式要用进行式。The boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。I happened to have seen the film.当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。The patient asked to be operated on at once.3动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot h
20、aving been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.4现在分词的完成式和被动式。当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。Having done his homework，he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many times，the naug
21、hty boy made the same mistake.【高考风向标】 1.（2014安徽卷）32While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote2.（2014北京卷）25. Last night, there were millions of people _ the opening ceremony live on TV.A.watchB. to watchC. watche
22、dD. watching3.（2014北京卷）28. There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD.to be solved4.（2014北京卷）35.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _.A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. having recognizedD. hav
23、ing been recognized【考点】考察非谓语动词用法5.（2014大纲卷）23. Toady there are more airplanes _ more people than ever before in the skies.A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying 6.（2014福建卷）27. the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A. Spending B.
24、 Spent C. Having spent D. To spend7.（2014福建卷）30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_.A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected8.（2014湖南卷）23._your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to c
25、onvey your affection and emotions.A. UnderstandingB. To be understoodC. Being understoodD. Having understood9.（2014湖南卷）27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _at the night sky.A. to stareB. staringC. staredD, having stared10.（2014湖南卷）35.ourselves from
26、the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thoughtand inner quietness.A. Having freed B. FreedC. To freeD. Freeing11.（2014江苏卷）29. His lecture_, a lively question-and-answer session followed.A. being given B. having givenC. to be givenD. having been given【考点】考察非谓语动词用法12.（2014江苏卷）35.! Somebody
27、 has left the lab door open.Dont look at me.A. Dear meB. Hi, thereC. Thank goodness D. Come on13.（2014江西卷）31. _nearly all our money , we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel .A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent14.（2014江西卷）34.He is thought _foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to b
28、lame for losing the job .A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted15.（2014山东卷）6. There is a note pinned to the door_ when the shop will open again. A. saying B. says C. said D. having said 16.（2014山东卷）9. Its standard practice for a company like this one_ a security officer. A. employed B.
29、 being employed C. to employ D. employs 17.（2014陕西卷）12. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim?A. to go B. going C go D. having gone 18.（2014陕西卷）20. _ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out19.（
30、2014四川卷）5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort.A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop20.（2014四川卷）7. I hope to take the computer course. Good idea. _ more about it, visit this website.A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having f
31、ound out21.（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ it didnt fitA. to find B. found C. finding D. having found22.（2014天津卷）7. Clearly and thoughtfully_, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.A. writing B. to write C. wr
32、itten D. being written23.（2014浙江卷 ）14. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ to guard her. A. to appoint B. appointing C. appointed D. having appointed24.（2014重庆卷 ）5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ to our shop for quality problems.A.turnin
33、g B. returned C. to turn D. to be returned 25.（2014重庆卷 ）11.Group activities will be organized after class _children develop team spirit.A. helpingB. having helped C. helpedD. to help（2013新课标I卷）35. The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hard-edged shadows on the ground. A. throwing B. being thrown C.
34、to throw D. to be thrown （2013新课标I卷）22. They might just have a place _ on the writing course why dont you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave（2013新课标卷)5.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington.A.caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught（201
35、3浙江）19.There are some health problems that, when _in time, can become bigger ones later on.A.not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not having been treated（2013浙江）7._how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.A.Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be
36、 hearing（2013大纲卷）25.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington.A.caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught（2013北京卷)29.When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. blockB. to blockC. blockingD. blocked（2013北京卷)24. the course very di
37、fficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A. FindB. FindingC. To findD. Found（2013湖南卷)31. _ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. StayingB. StayedC. To stayD. Stay【答案】C（2013湖南卷)29. You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it
38、is based on facts. A. offeringB. to offerC. having offeredD. offered（2013湖南卷)25. The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golden light. A. bathedB. bathingC. to have bathedD. have bathed（2013江西卷)34.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A. askedB. to askC.
39、askingD. having asked（2013山东卷)33. _ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating （2013山东卷)29. I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. A. takeB. taking C. to take D. taken （2013山东卷)25. The room is empty except for a bookshel
40、f _ in one corner. A. standing B. to stand C. standsD. stood （2013四川)10. The airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed（2013四川)8. _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A. Not k
41、nowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not（2013天津卷)10. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _in daily conversations.A. usingB. to useC. having usedD. used（2013辽宁卷)28.Lauro was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home,there was a pile of mails for herA.waited B.to wait C
42、.waiting D.was waiting（2013重庆卷)34.The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone（2013重庆卷)30.When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ me stories till I fell asleep.A. having toldB. tellingC. toldD. to tell（2013安徽卷)32. in the earl
43、y 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.A. To found B. FoundingC. Founded D. Having founded【随堂巩固】1Please hand on the papers to those _ at the back of the classroom.Aseating Bsat Cseated Dsit2The fireman told us the troubles they had _ the fire _.Agetting; controlledBgot;
44、controlledCgot; controlledDgetting; to control3After walking on the zigzag path to the mountain top for a few hours, the tourists gathered under trees _ shade and _ down to have a rest.A.provided; sit Bproviding; sittingCproviding; sat Dprovided; sat4The students in our school expected _ more time f
45、or reviews and exercises before the College Entrance Examination next year.Athere being Bthere has Cthere had Dthere to be5 You can spend your free time in our library.There is a reading room _ more than 600 students.A.seats Bto be seated C.seated Dseating6Weve had a good start, but next, more work
46、needs _ to achieve the final success in English study.A.being done Bdo Cto be done Dto do7The boy, _ with his school work every day, felt rather tired and wanted to have a whole day to relax. Aoccupying Bhaving occupied Coccupied Dbeing occupied8It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the g
47、ym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars.A.hadBhaving Cto haveDhave9The old couple walked rather slowly, and could be seen, from time to time, to stop and rest, _ out to sea.Ato be staringBstaredChaving staredDstaring10The airport is far from here, and _ there on time, youd better take a
48、 taxi.AgetBto getCgettingDgot11Whom do you expect to have _ the baggage to the airport?Adeliver Bto deliver Cdelivered Ddelivering12With so many exercises _， the students are having a hard time.Afinished Bfinishing Cto finish Dbeing finishing13We entered the caf and sat down by the window, waiting _
49、. Ato serve Bto be served Cserving Dserved 14Launched in March 2010, China Face has been a daily news feature _ on a Chinese individual.A.being focusedBfocusingCto be focusedDto focus15At last, we found ourselves at the foot of a hill with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.A.s
50、ittingBhaving satCto sitDsat答案：D考查对动词形式的理解。sit与found是并列谓语。16These diagrams are especially helpful when we have a concrete problem _ at hand.Abe solvedBto solveCsolvedDbeing solved17People believe that the China Dream is not very difficult _ so long as the whole nation works hard for it.ArealizingBto
51、 be realizing CrealizedDto realize18There are some tall trees in our campus, some _ more than forty meters.A.measureBmeasuredCmeasuringDto measure19Curious and _， I rushed out of my dormitory when I heard the noise of three gunshots. Aastonishing Bbeing astonished Castonished Dto be astonished20To a
52、nswer a telephone call, the careless woman went out of the kitchen, _ the soup _ over the gas.Aleft; cook Bleaving; being cooked Cleaving; cooking Dleft; being cooked21Our director is out. Ill have her _ you on the matter when shes back.A.to contactBcontactingCcontactDcontacted22A small plane crashe
53、d into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ all four people on board.Akilled Bto kill Ckills Dkilling 23What do you think of the two students _ to take part in the competition?They are hardworking as well as intelligent.A.selectingBselectedChaving selectedDto select24_ requires us to do two thi
54、ngs quickly. First, _ the main topic; and second, to write down the important details.ATo take good notes; recognizingBTaken good notes; recognizingCTaking good notes; recognizingDTaking good notes; to recognize25 We tried _ the window, but it was still hot in the room.Ato open BopeningCopen Dopened
