1、启东市东南中学2015届高三英语考前辅导材料 2015届高三学子们：高考的钟声即将敲响！经过较为系统且全面的复习，你们在英语方面已取得了很大的进步。其实，复习到现在，你们已经准备得相当充分了，只要你充满信心走进考场，胜利就在向你招手。 下面请跟随我进入模块复习的指导。第一部分：听力（善于抓住要素)预测技巧 ：充分利用听前时间和停顿时间，浏览题目和全部选项，预测可能涉及的内容 如果是独白，一定要听好第一句和最后一句。在听语篇时要抓住要素即人物,事件,时间,地点, 以便较好地理解和回忆全“篇”故事，保持良好的心态，切忌因急躁而影响听后面的内容。识别关键词的技巧：透露说话人身份的关键词 透露地点场合
2、的关键词 捕捉数字 理解意义，在听录音时要注意转折、让步、否定和虚拟语气的特殊句型以及时态的转换，以便把握说话者的真正意图。自上而下关注整篇内容的理解速记技巧：许多材料中涉及数字，如年代、日期、价格、数量、并且会以基数词、序数词、分数、小数、百分数等形式出现，有的听力题中还设置简单的计算，所以要求学生熟悉各种数字形式并弄清其间关系，如：减价20% off; special offer, special price, 25% discount, sale原价：regular price, normal price增长：10% increase in, 1/3 climb in sth., 下降:
3、 10 decrease / fall in.打七折at a 30% discount，one third off the normal price 时间运用技巧：切记对于没有听清的题目（尤其是第一部分）采取及时放弃的原则，即随便选择一个然后把注意力集中到下一题，抢在下一题播放之前看完下一题的三个全部选项，千万不可以纠缠于已播放完的前一题。第二部分：英语知识运用一、单项选择考点冠词、代词、形容词和副词、语义辨析（名词、介词和介词短语）、动词和动词词组、动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、情态动词和虚拟语气、定语从句和名词性从句、并列句和状语从句、特殊句式、情景交际二、单项选择的应对措施1提取时间信息
4、根据语境定时态 当考察谓语或非谓语动词的时态时，往往不给时间状语。应对方法是在试题中提取与时间相关的信息，判断动词动作发生的先后关系，从而确定时态。(1)- Is there anything wrong，Bob？ You look sad.-Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home.A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 解析：由对话语境可知，一方发觉另一方不对劲，故问“怎么了？你看上去不高兴
5、。” 对方在思念家乡的朋友，故回答时用过去进行时与just搭配，表示“刚才正在.” (2 ) At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _.A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached解析：an agreement 与reach 构成逻辑上的被动关系，故先确定用被动语态。再由语境可知，协议达成的动作在was announced 之前，故用过去完成时。【一试身手】1).Jim, what a surprise! I _ y
6、ou _ here.A. dont know; are B. didnt know; were C. hadnt known; had been D. havent known; were 2).- This is Zhao Hua speaking. - Im sorry. I _ your voice. A. dont recognize B. didnt recognize C. havent recognize D. hadnt recognize3).-Have you moved into the new flat? - Not yet. The rooms _. A. are b
7、eing painting B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painted 2. 识别语气信息与事实相反虚拟探英语句子均含有语气信息：句子表示的意义与事实相反，或是不可能实现的愿望，谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。语气往往隐藏在前后句子的信息中，或由某些关键词语（but，otherwise等）来实现。 I didnt know your mobile number; otherwise I _ you the second I got to Changsha.A. had rung B. would ring C. should have run
8、g D. would have rung解析: 根据句子意义，otherwise前的分句为客观事实，使用一般过去时，而otherwise后的分句则表示与过去事实相反的一种假设，句中实际省略句If I had known your mobile phone number, 故答案应选与过去事实相反的虚拟结构。【一试身手】1).When a chopstick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. has been broken2).I didnt me
9、et Mr. Smith at the station. How I wish I _ him.A. had seen B. saw C. have seen D. was seeing3).But for your advice, I_ out of the trouble last week.A. wouldnt get B. wouldnt have got C. couldnt get D. wont get3. 鉴别语态信息-及物无宾被动看当选项中既有不同的时态形式，又有不同的语态形式时，先判断语态， 后判断时态。因为语态容易判断：当所给动词是及物动词，后面没有带宾语且句子的主语承受
10、该动词表示的动作时，就可先选定被动形式的选项。接下来根据所给时间状语或语境暗示的时间判断时态。若所给动词是不及物动词， 就不需要考虑被动语态问题。The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.A sold B had been soldC were sold D would sell解析: 所给动词sell在此是及物动词，其后没有宾语，主语they是sell的承受者，一优先考虑被动语态选项B和C。再判断时态：sell动词表示的时间不会再were之前发生， 故只能考虑一般过去时。故选择were sold.但需注意有些动词，如上面提到的sell
11、 既可以用作及物动词也可以用作不及物动词，这就需要具体情况具体分析。如sell表示销售状况并跟有相应的副词时，一般用作不及物动词。如：The ticket cost so much and sold badly.When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.A training B being trained C to have trained D to be trained解析: 非谓语动词train是及物动词，后面没有宾语，先考虑被动语态选项B和D.又从非谓语动词的作用可知，这里应用
12、不定式作目的状语。故选择不定式的被动式。【一试身手】1)Gold _ in California in the nineteenth century.A was discovered B discovered C had discovered D was being discovered2)The girl went to the party without_.A inviting B being invited C to be invited D invited3) _ from the tower at night, the city looks more beautiful/A To b
13、e seen B Seeing C Being seen D Seen4. 搜索明暗信息-综合推理作判断在考查语境的试题中，总会提供一些有助于解题的相关信息：明示信息由关键词直接提示；而暗示信息需要理解和体验语境意义才能得到。明示信息为解题提供参考和方向，暗示信息最终决定选项。因此遇到此类试题，要善于搜索明示信息，以排除与题意无关的选项；再深刻理解语境含义以获取暗示信息，进行综合推理，作出正确的选择。【例题】 He and his wife are of the same _; they both want their son to go to college.A soul B spirit
14、C heart D mind解析:答案为D. 本题考查名词的区别。明示信息为：soul灵魂、心灵、精神；spirit灵魂、心灵、精神；heart心境、心情、内心；mind头脑、精神、愿望、看法。四个名词均可放入空格处。暗示信息：他们想让他们的儿子上大学，暗示了一种想法，故与mind意思相同，那么前面一句的意思就是“他和 他的妻子有一样的愿望想法。”【一试身手】1).Mr. Li hesitated for a long time. But he decided to lend me a help _.A finally B immediately C gradually D slowly2).
15、 - Good morning, Green Hotel.- Hello, Id like to book a room for the night of the 18th and 19th.-_. Ill check.A Ten dollars for each room B Just a minute C No problem D At your service3). Lin Tao _ lies. No one seems to like him.A. has never told B. is always telling C. has just told D. tells5. 分析句子
16、成分 移位变通结构显一般说来，英语句子的各个成分的位置事比较固定的。但有时为了表达不同的情感，态度或语气，会通过某些语法手段，或添加某些次要成分，或把句子的某些成分进行移位。移位现象常出现在特殊问句、强调句、从句、倒装句等句型中。应对方法是认真分析试题的各个成分之间的关系，把移了的位的成分放回到它原来应在的位置，这样一来，判断正确选项就容易了。The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago.A. when B. which C. that D. where解析: 由the village 和two years
17、 ago 可知本题由时间或地点。故不太可能出现时间或地点状语从句。通过移位，把从句放在village 的后面就可以应由where引导的定语从句。【一试身手】1)The play brought the hours back to me _ I had worked in a faraway farm.A. until B. that C. when D. where 2)The young man has spent as much time as he could _ English.A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. done 3)My aunt was
18、 disappointed to see the washing machine she _ went wrong again. A. has repaired B. had had repaired C. repaired D. had had repairing6. 补全缺失成分-省略替代原句现试题有时创设一定条件，使之符合某一省略或替代规则，以增加判断正确选项的难度。应对方法是按照某一省略或替代规则补全被省略的缺失成分，再现完整的句子，这样有助于判断信选项是否正确。 -Do you have idea what Paul does all day? -As I know, he spen
19、ds at least as much time playing as he_.A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write解析:由试题结构可知“as he_” 为比较状语从句，这样的从句常省略和前面相同的词语。本题用does替代谓语spends， 省略time 和in。 把从句还原为完整的句子为：as he spends time in writing。 【一试身手】1).The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. beg
20、ins B. beginning C. is begun D. begun2).-Why did you take a taxi ? -I _. I was late. A. have to B. have to do C. had to D. had to do3).-Dont forget to buy me a stamp when passing the post office. -_. A.I dont. B.I cant C.I havent D.I wont7.去掉次要成分-呼语插入语不见当试题中有称呼语，插入语或其他次要成分时，可采取视而不见的方法，将其去掉，从而使句子结构清晰
21、，易于判断触正确的选项。Help others whenever you can _you will make the world a nicer place to live in.A. and B. or C. unless D. but解析:句中的whenever you can 为次要成分，可忽略不看，一个 “祈使句+and+分句”的结构就清晰可见了。Mary,_ here - everybody else, stay where you are.A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming解析: Mary 和everybody else 作为呼语出现， 后
22、面的句子为祈使句，省略了第二人称主语you, 故选动词原形come【一试身手】1). -Ruth, look after your sister this afternoon,_? - But I have to do a lot of exercises. A. will you B. do you C. have you D. dont you 2).The lady is always saying that her daughter is the cleverest student in the class,_, of course, made the other ladies unh
23、appy. A. when B. that C. what D. which3).The woman shouted in the shop with great anger , as you expected, _her hand at the assistant.A pointed B pointing C to point D had pointed8.强调句型优先疑似强调还原看当试题（包括选项）中有 it is / wasthat/who时，应先作强调句型来考虑，将此疑似强调句型还原为普通句型。若去掉it is / was和that/who之后句子结构依然完整，就证明是强调句。反之，若
24、有句子结构问题，就不是强调句型，就要考虑是否是其他句型。1).It _we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. A was until ; when B was until; that C wasnt until ; when D wasnt until ; that 解析: 去掉it is/was和that之后本句可还原为 I didnt find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple
25、of weeks. 故是强调句型。 2). It was after he got what he had desired _ he realized it was not so important. A. that B. when C. since D. as 解析: 题干中有it was，选项中由that，疑是强调句型。去掉it和was之后还原为普通句型After he got what he had desired he realized it was not so important。其结构完整，证明是强调句型。【一试身手】1)Was it _ the professor regard
26、ed as the brightest ones?A. them that B. they that C. them which D. they whom2)_ you were born ? A. Was it where that B. It was where that C. Where it was that D. Where was it that3)_ she realised it was too late to go home. How hardworking she was!A. It was not until dark that B. Hardly did it grow
27、 dark whenC. No sooner it grew dark than D. Scarcely had it grown dark than9查看主宾表定-缺啥补啥句健全当考察名词性从句或定语从句时，依次优先观察从句中是否缺主语，宾语，若缺某一成分，就得选择能够充当该成分的选项。若主语、宾语、表语或定语都不缺，就再观察句子是否缺哪类状语，选择能够充当该状语的选项，以补全句子结构。Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for.A. what B. why C how D whether解析: what 引
28、导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语,what在从句中又充当介词for的宾语. We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of are healthy.A that B which C what D whom解析: 本题考察非限制性定性定语从句,介词of后面缺宾语,能够作宾语且能够引导定语从句的关系代词which 和whom， 由于非限制性定性定语从句用来说明前面指人的名词people， 故用whom充当介词of的宾语。【一试身手】1)._ I said at the meeting must be kept secret.A.
29、 Whatever B. However C. Wherever D. Whenever2).One of the blind men held the view _ he felt was right.A. that B. what C. what that D. that what3).The promise _ was made by my father was _ he would buy me a computer if I studied harder than before.A. that; that B. what; that C. what; what D. that; wh
30、at10. 细辨句子结构-留意连词与标点在试题中，用连词或用标点符号可以决定句子的结构，因此，解题时不可忽视小小的连词和标点符号。The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.A. who B. that C. as D. which解析: 空格前面是逗号，意味着后面的句子应为从句。由句子结构可知，此处缺失主语，指代前面整个句子的内容。The c
31、hildren went home from the grammar school, their lessons _for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished解析: 由于中间有逗号， 意味着后面的部分是状语。由于该部分前面没有连词，故不能用谓语形式。 因此要用finished构成独立主格结构。【一试身手】1)._ is reported on TV, another two American soldiers were killed in the bomb explosion.A. It B. Th
32、at C. As D. When2).You _ recite the poem- youve only read it twice. A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. neednt3). _ on the top of tower and youll enjoy the scenery of the whole city. A. Standing B. Stood C. To stand D. Stand11. 注意前后搭配-舍近就远亦常见 在考查词语搭配时，不仅要考虑与临近词语的搭配关系，还要考虑是否与离它较远的前面或后面的词语由搭配关系，若有，就得“舍近就远
33、”。Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _the way they actually are. A. as B. or C. but D. and解析 如果只考虑后面的搭配， 可能会选B. 但是如果和前面的not.nor联系时，就会意识到还有这样的搭配：notnorbut。表示 “不是也不是而是”【一试身手】1).Writing that English composition has taken what little there is _my spare time. A.
34、from B. in C. of D. at2).Mr. Green made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up3)._ homework did those students have to do that they had no time to take a rest. A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little12. 克服
35、习惯思维-有违常理究其然习惯思维有时对解相似题有帮助。但因为相似，有时又会导致错误的结论。因此，在必要的时候，克服习惯思维的束缚，往貌似违背常理的方面去思考，探其究竟，反而会得出正确的结论。- Where did you get to know her?- It was on the farm_ we worked.A. that B. there C. which D. where解析:很容易认为是强调句型而误选that。 但分析问句和答语就会发现：第一句是问“地点”， 所以回答的内容应是地点。因此，这题其实是考定语从句，答语意思是“在我们工作的农场里”。这样前言后语之间就符合常理。 若视为
36、强调句型，其意思是“我们就是在农场里工作的” 这样就答非所问了。【一试身手】1).In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. A. other B. more C. better D. any2).Do you know the difficulty he had _ the family. A. to support B. supporting C. supported D. for supporting3).The young men have decided to spend all his spare time_ the
37、 children in the mountainous areas.A. to teach B. teaching C. teach D. taught 解题时要正确理解： 句子的真实含义 句子的基本结构，是简单句还是复合句 所填部分在句中的功能或作用习语或固定搭配的确切含义词语的意义和用法 解题技巧点拨：先考虑句子结构,再考虑语意和语法知识；注意前后的暗示句，从语境中挖掘提示信息；紧扣主句，化繁为简；采用代入法，逐一排除。【友情提醒】完成时间：10分钟内二、完形填空要点 完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常
38、识，对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。一）当前完形填空的特点: 题材多为记叙文，夹叙夹议的。第一句一般不设空。 短文长度基本稳定，一般在250300个单词左右。 短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 考查内容主要为语言在语境中的运用，而非单纯语法。每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。二）完形填空的解题步骤:1.跳读首尾句，判断文体，预测主题。一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句是不挖空的，先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四个W，那么就
39、是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事，为了测试语篇的理解能力，出题者特别注意选材的趣味性，其结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。2.通读全文，掌握主旨大意边读边填独立题(词语搭配类、近义词辨析类、语法类)和前提示题，了解全文，把握大意。一定要积极开动脑筋，根据初步结论、按照不同文体的写作特点，找准信息词，贮存上文信息，帮助解决下文空格。要留心词与词、句与句之间的各种连结和修饰关系，掌握词语的习惯搭配，尤其要注意所选择的词在具体语境中的确切含义，注意识别近异词和同义词。有时还要运用一些语言以外的知识，如文化背景、风土人情、地理、
40、历史以及生活常识等帮助确定答案。3.细读全文，瞻前顾后，排除干扰，试填后暗示题和前后暗示题。4.查漏补缺，反复推敲，调整答案。复读时，要根据文章的中心去判断所选答案是否符合逻辑，是否服务于文章的主题，有无语法或搭配错误。审读过程中，若遇不畅之处，必有疑点，应从语义和逻辑两方面权衡优劣，从而纠正错误，弥补疏漏。对于仍拿不准的个别选项，应坚持自己的第一感觉。总之，完型填空题并无固定的解题技巧，但做题时需要结合文章的特点，弄清短文大意，从整体篇幅上随时设想所遇空白中应该出现的内容，而后再以该题选项来验证自己的推测，做出调整和修改。具体步骤如下：（一）、研读首句，通览全文，抓准主旨完形填空是一篇意思完
41、整、结构严谨的文章，考生做题时要整体把握。所以应首先通读全文，掌握文章大意，从整体上把握文章脉络、结构，理解作者的观点、态度，为下一步做题打好基础。有的同学或是急于求成，总想一步到位，或是由于原文设置空格所造成的理解障碍，担心通读文章时不但抓不住大意反而浪费时间，未通览全文即边读边填，结果是就句论句，无法形成连贯的思路，或见木不见林，理解偏离文章的中心，欲速则不达。另外，大家要给文章准确定位，不仅要重视文章的首句，有时注意一下文章的结尾，首尾联系起来，对文章的定位会更准确。抓住文章的主旨大意后，考生围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。抓住了主旨，一些干扰性强，容易使
42、人犯想当然错误的选项也就起不到作用了。2005 全国试卷A首句为： One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. 从这句话中我们可以获知事情发生在我最喜欢去的饭店里。所以下文中第41、42、43、45、46题就可以根据这个信息而轻易得出正确的答案。When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the wa
43、iter and I 43 each other. He seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 46 .41. A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food42. A. direct B. familiar C.strange D. funny43. A. chatted with B. looked at C. laughed at
44、D. talked about44. A. the waiter B. time C. I D. the dinner45. A. true B. hopeful C. clear D. possible46. A. restaurant B. washroom C. office D. kitchen（二）、细读全文，试选答案1. 联系上下文语境断章取义，就题论题，忽视上下文的信息提示是学生常犯的错误。考生在做完形填空的过程中，应学会边读边在大脑中储藏上下文的信息。信息提示有时出现在前面，有时出现在后面。如：1) Traveling west, you set your clock _1_
45、; traveling east, you set it ahead. A behind B. forward C. back D. ahead2) Many old people dont have good _2_. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to the music. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time3) Many Africans are very _3_ and so they cant afford to eat much meat with their cereal. A hea
46、lthy B. poor C. rich D .weak4) Mrs. ONeill asked _7_ questions, and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more5) _20_ the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket _21_ turned over to the policeman? Should the extra change received at the store be forgotten or returned? (20)
47、 A. Should B. Must C. Would D. Need (21) A. and B. or C. then D. but6）My family was 43 . We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner 44 us ? （2006 山东高考） (43) A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest(44) A. blame B. excuse C. charge D. trust7) Carolyn Stradley is t
48、he founder of C&S Paving Inc. (铺路公司) in Atlanta, USA. In the following account, she recalls the job that challenged her _1_ and skill but left her flying high. “The key to our success was having the _courage_ to take on any job and then being creative in our approach to getting it done.” （07江苏高考） (1
49、) A. kindness B. patience C. imagination D. experience2. 注意习惯搭配完形填空经常会对一些习惯搭配进行考查，这就需要我们平时加强对习惯用法、固定搭配的掌握。包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语如：11) Heres a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself _29_ so much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of2) He simply stared _5_ her with that pe
50、culiar expression _6_ his face. (5) A. on B. to C. in D. at (6) A. in B. on C.with D. behind 3) As for this, there is a great _1_ between insects and human beings. The former _2_ every possible efforts to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly _3_ attention to themselves. （05重庆高考)(1) A.con
51、nection B. difference C. communication D. similarity(2) A. doB. take C. make D. try(3) A. give B. keep C.pay D. draw46) The chance passed and I didnt _50_ it. I sat the exam the next day and I won. I didnt _51_ to cheat, but I was still cheating anyhow. (06江苏高考)(50) A. take B. have C. lose D. find(5
52、1) A. remember B. learn C. mean D. pretend5) Life is filled with challenges. As we got older we _1_ realize that those challenges are the very things that _shape_ us and make us who we are, （07山东高考） A. seem to B. come to C. hope to D. try to 6) , you can still decide _how_ you will respond and handl
53、e the life thats been handed to you. You still have _45_ of your own attitudes. (徐州三模) A. power B. control C. authority D. sense 3. 发挥逻辑思维能力近几年NMET完形填空以叙事为主，有时加入一定的议论和说明，内容贴近生活，表层意思易于理解，所以很容易给学生造成一种假象，产生轻敌心理，有些同学做完一篇完形填空以后，自我感觉不错，但一对答案错很多，原因是这些同学仅仅理解了文章的表层含义，而忽略了其深层含义。事实上，NMET完形填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意，具备深层
54、探询的可能性。这就要求考生不仅要明确文章的表层意义，还要挖掘出文章的深层含义，做到表里一致。1) 52 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure happiness. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I 2) I saw their bodies, but I couldnt feel their souls 23 the
55、ir souls belonged to the net_. (05浙江高考) A. because B. when C. until D. unless3) Because we were new and really needed the work, we were _7_ to try harder. We gave National Car Rental our offer and _8_ our best effort to get the job finished within ten days. （07江苏高考）(7) A. able B. nervous C. afraid D
56、. willing (8) A. supported B. promised C. continued D. improved 4) It is all part of growing up, it _happens_ to everyone, and some day you will _20_ all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing.” (07山东高考)4词义辨析完形填空中有些考点涉及词义辨析。这类考点可以一箭双雕，既考查考生对词语的掌握和词汇量的大小
57、，又考查考生结合语境情景用词能力。与单项填空题的词语辨析题相比完形填空题的词语辨析更具综合性。如：1) Soon I heard a _1_ like that of a door burst in, and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. noise2) The back door and the windows were all closed and there was no _3_ of forced entry.A. scene B. show C. sign D. sight3) The watch, which M
58、rs. Smith had _1_ on the table as she started her lecture, disappeared.A. seen B. dropped C. found D. laid4) It isnt worth the high _7_ I paid. A. cost B. money C. price D. value5) Behind the dancer there was a woman _19_ a large diamond ring.A. carrying B. dressing C. wearing D. holding 6) Now he c
59、an no longer walk and he must sit quietly in a chair all day. Even talking is (1) . One night, I went to visit him with my sister. We started (2) about life, and I told them about one of my (3) . I said that we must very often give things up (4) we grow-our youth, our beauty, our friends-but it alwa
60、ys (5) that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place. （06北京高考）(1) A. impossible B. difficult C. stressful D. hopeless(2) A. worrying B. caring C. talking D. asking(3) A. decisions B. experiences C. ambitions D. beliefs(4) A. as B. since C. before D. till(5) A. suggests B. promi
61、ses C. seems D. requires 7) _No_ other local paving company wanted to do the job, _6_ it couldnt be done in such a short time. (07江苏高考)A. stating B. reporting C. telling D. warning 5. 结合生活常识判断1) In the summer vacation of 1997, I was fixed with a job. I worked as a(n) _1_ at Mr. Greens fruit shop. A.
62、 operator B. assistant C. waiter D. secretary2) It was an early morning in summer. In the street, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their _3_. A. homes B. houses C. restaurants D. offices3) The slave escaped from his master and fled to the _4_ . As he was wondering about there,
63、 he came upon a lion. A. street B. park C. forest D. field4) (Immediately), the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the _13_ hospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest5) The space becomes bigger to let the rail expand (膨胀) when it gets _11_. A. hot B. wet C. cold D. dry6) In 1964 S
64、hirley graduated from Gallaudet and looked for _44_. She wanted to be _45_ and work full time. (44) A. Information B. help C. a job D. an assistant (45) A. happy B. Independent C. free D. confident7) In secret she practiced Portias part, _16_ the lines by repeating them over and over. . On the day o
65、f the audition (选拔试演), she _performed_ two of Portias famous speeches for the auditors. When she had finished, the head of the Drama Club announced the _20_ was hers. (07天津高考) (16) A. memorizing B. organizing C. checking D. improving (20) A. part B. play C. speech D. position8) Having left the town,
66、 the girl stopped the car at the landing near the entrance of the bay（海湾）. She stepped into the 16 and rowed out silently.The lights of the town became 31 . (05天津高考)(16) A. car B. boat C. ship D. sail(31) A. brighter B. bigger C. closer D. smaller（三）、复核全文，弥补疏漏, 确保最佳NMET完形填空所选文章都堪称精品，其逻辑必是上下贯通，其脉络也必是
67、自然有序，令人信服。因此，做完一篇完形填空以后，大家对文章的线索、脉络以及主旨、寓意等心里也应该有一种很明朗的感觉；如果做完以后，还是似懂非懂，犹如雾里看花，那就证明你对文章的把握还有问题，还要复读全文，仔细推敲并验证答案。大家可以从文章的内在逻辑入手，回味一下，看所选答案是否经得起推敲，是否能自然融入整个语篇，如果有游离于文章主旨之外或与整篇文章的逻辑相矛盾的答案，就需要重新理解、修正。有的同学做完完形填空以后，不加核查便草草收场 ，结果让很明显的错误从眼前跳过，造成考场上不应有的遗憾。另外,考生考试时的良好的心态也是做好完形填空的关键. 我们在做完形填空时应该做到: 不急不躁, 不厌不惧,
68、 成竹在胸, 冷静答题。【友情提醒】完成时间：15分钟左右。第三部分：阅读理解 对阅读理解能力的测试是英语考试中必不可少的测试项目，主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过材料的阅读，对材料中信息的捕获能力。一般来说，高考“阅读理解题”部分的四篇短文涵盖了记叙文、说明文和应用文等多种体裁，涉及到人物、故事、社会、文化、政治、经济、科普、新闻和广告等多种题材。大致可以分为以下几种题型： A. 事实细节题； B. 推理判断题； C. 数据推算题； D. 识图解意题；(文章的基本结构图) E. 主旨大意题； F. 常识题 ; G. 猜词、指代题(一)解题步骤: 一般而言，有两种
69、步骤：PassageQuestionsPassage；QuestionsPassageQuestions1.P-Q-P 即先读文章，然后再查阅文章解答问题。它的特点是有利于整体把握文章的主旨和作者的态度,但是速度比较慢。2.Q-P-Q 即先看一遍问题，然后带着问题有针对性地查找阅读文章。阅读时把注意力放在与问题直接相关的关键词语上，一旦找到所需要的信息，就立即停止扫描式的阅读，然后仔细地阅读相关部分后答题。适合广告、信息类文章的阅读，可节省时间。两种方法各有利弊，因人而异，考生可按照自己平时的习惯选择阅读步骤。（二）解题技巧：1事实细节题 做好此类题的要领是：1.采用“寻读法”，即按照要求，带
70、着问题寻找答案来源。2.找准关键词,并对其进行转换、加工，明白其暗示作用。3.正确使用排除法,考生根据短文后面的问题，确定所需查找的细节及事实的范围，注意提干的内容及选项与原文的内涵、外延是否一致，是否表达的意思准确、相同。一般说来，含有绝对性词语（all, no等）的选项要排除。此类题考生要确保不失分。 注意点：1.查找要细致,并对其进行转换、加工。所选有据，避免主观：阅读他人之作，理解他人之意，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是
71、设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进了它的陷阱；若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题也必错无疑。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”。 2.符合原文的答案=正确答案最佳答案。阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。如：徐州三模卷：Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. There will not be any sports matches or races in central and eastern Texas beca
72、use of the coming thunderstorm.B. The weather will be fine when the football match starts in New York.B. The races will continue in Newbury in spite of the rainy weatherD. Mississippi Valley runs from north to south. 解析：正确答案为A.根据文中“Strong to severe thunderstorms have already developed from eastern K
73、ansas and western Missouri southward to central and eastern Texas. All outdoor sports events will be impossible in these areas.”，可知所有户外运动不可能进行，而并非没有任何运动，考生要特别留意这种范围随意扩大或缩小的选项。 2推理判断题 既要求考生透过文章表面信息推测隐含意思，又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。 考生要学会推理隐含的意义；推断作者的态度和观点；推断写作目的、文章出处、人物性格
74、特征等。做好此类题的要点：在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。常见错误类型:1 选项陈述内容正确。l 语句出自文中原句,但并非推断，就事论事。l 根据自己常识，主观想象,语句虽然正确，但文中无依据。 2 选项陈述内容不正确。（偏离原文）l 偷梁换柱、张冠李戴；l 以偏概全，（注意all, none, no one, nothing ,hardly, seldom, never
75、等的使用）；l 扩缩范围 （将文中表达内容的范围随意扩大或缩小）注意点： (1) 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(2) 推理的根据来自于上下文。如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却未涉及，那属于主观臆断的结论，不属于正确答案。(3) 如果某选项所表达的内容虽在文章中提到，但很片面或不完整，也不属于正确答案。(4) 文中的虚拟语气、某些过渡词（例如，however, but ,on the contrary ,whats more ）后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。 巩固练习：1. Humans have a very varied diet .We often eat fo
76、od because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing th
77、e right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life. (2007全国高考卷B)We can learn from the last paragraph that _. A. food is chosen for a good reason B. French and British food is good C. some people have few choices of food D. some people care little about healthy diet2. When Marconi in
78、vented radio, he thought it would be used for ship-to-shore communication, not for pop music. Who knows how RFID and related technologies will be used in the future.? Heres a wild guess: Not for buying milk. (2007湖北高考卷)The last paragraph implies that RFID technology _. A. will not be used for such m
79、atters as buying milk B. will be widely used, including for buying milkC. will be limited to communication uses D. will probably be used for pop music3. For decades, the firstchoice treatment for malaria parasites(寄生虫) in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make.
80、Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next. (2007广东高考卷)I
81、t can be inferred from the passage that _. A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease3数据推算题 此题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数
82、据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时： 1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。 2.弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息。 3.要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 4识图解意题 此类插图题型是通过图解、地图或插图的形式，形象化地表现信息，用以降低试题的难度，是短文和题目不可缺少的组成部分。在做此类题时，要求学生一定要：1.把文章与图示结合起来，图文互相参照、互相验证。 2.若是地图，则要做到方位明确。具备一定的地理知识。 3.要正确理解文中方位介词及有关信息词的重要意义。4.若涉及文章结构图，则要分析文章每段的中心思想，各段落之间的关系，了解各类文
83、体的写作结构。如：说明文的基本结构：Introduction Explanation（Example； Comparison； Classification）Conclusion议论文TopicArguments(Facts; Example) Conclusion常设题为：How is the text organized? （05浙江52题）A. TopicArgumentExplanationB. OpinionDiscussionDescriptionC. Main ideacomparisonsupporting examplesD. Introductionsupporting e
84、xamples-conclusion如：2005江苏高考E篇72题：72.Which of the following best show the structure of the passage?A B C D （=Paragraph 1,=Paragraph 2, =Paragraph 3, =Paragraph 4,=Paragraph 5）5主旨大意题 此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力及理解作者的观点和态度，既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。 做好此类题的关键：(1)寻找主题句（Topic Sentence）。主题句是概括
85、全段思想的句子，每段的主题句往往为第一句或最后一句（有时也可不直接出现）。它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，文意的延伸、情节的发展都在主题句的引导下进行的。它表达的是观点，而不是事实。查找时应先通读全文，再进行归纳概括。主题句呈现形式通常有以下几种：1.在开头出现（特别是新闻报道、议论文等） 2.在结尾出现（前面几段分述细节和解释说明，最后一段归纳要点、得出结论或概括主题）3.在开头和结尾同时出现，首尾呼应（采用总-分-总的写作模式） 4.有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求归纳概括。注意点：需将全文主题和段落主题、全文中心意思与某一特定情节含义区分开来。所选标题
86、应为突出重心、概括全面的，不能以某段段意而取代。不能范围太大或太笼统。 如：市二模卷C 篇66题：The best title for the passage is _.A. A Chance to Help Save the Earth B. A Chance to Help Prevent Pollution C.An Hour to Fight Against Bad Habits D.An Hour to Keep Climate Unchanged (2）有时主题句出现在转折处。首段出现转折，转折后的内容往往是文章的主题。注意but, however, yet如：Before a n
87、ew type of airplane comes into use, every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others. What might be the most suitable for the text? A. Two Important Tests on Airplanes B. The Important of Flying Safely C. The Danger of Testing Airplanes
88、D. How Airplanes Are Made and Tested (3） 留意由in summary , in a word , as a result, in short, in conclusion ，in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。(4)解答观点类试题时，注意辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。表示贬义：critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment.表示褒义: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring
89、表示中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, neutral, humor, disinterested, 如：三模D篇第69题：What is Johnsons attitude to the application of the findings to the athletestraining? A. Negative B. Doubting C. Positive D. hesitating 6经验常识题 此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括：社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。此类题往往与文章没有直接关系
90、，学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确的、符合这些规律的选择。7猜词、指代题 此类题主要测试考生以下两种能力：根据上下文推测和判断生词或短语在阅读材料中的含义；根据上下文判断代词it ,this ,he 和they 等的指代关系。常见解题方法：1）同义解释法：注意that is (to say ), in other words ,or , namely ,that means 等过渡词引出的同义解释；或利用破折号、同位语、定语从句等进行的解释或下定义。Some organizations of the United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots
91、 as their workers - those who can understand as well as speak many languages. (通晓数种语言的人)2）因果推断法：借助因果词语because , as , since , for , so , thus , as a result , of course , therefore , so/such that 等加以猜测。 The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. （混浊） 3）前后对比
92、法： 根据反义词或反义关系进行猜测。注意but, however, notbut, on the other hand ,rather than, on the contrary, although, while, yet, unlike, instead of 等表示转折意义的连词，其前后在语意上有着明显的对比关系，通过这种对比关系的分析，将它的词义推出来。The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display (2006 江西高考) 4）类
93、属分析法：由and , not only but also , besides , similarly , likewise , in the same way 等词引出的相同或类似的意思。 The dromedary, like all other desert animals, can go for long periods of time without drinking water . 5）举例说明法：根据such as , suchas , like , for example , for instance 等列举的事物加以猜测词意。You can take any of the p
94、eriodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. 6）构词推测法：（ 前缀 prefix; 后缀 suffix ）When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him 7）常识背景法 Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere
95、and helping to slow global warming . 8）语境理解法：“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线)，good and ill together .” ( 2005 江苏高考) Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Liebermans charisma is key. “Food TV isnt about food any more,” says
96、Flay. “Its about your personality and finding a way to keep peoples eyeballs on your show.” （2007全国高考卷）What does the world “charisma” underlined in the text refer to? A. A natural ability to attract others B. A way to show ones achievement. C. Liebermans after-class interest. D. Liebermans fine cook
97、ing skill. 解答指代题时要特别关注指代词所在位置前后的句子，认真阅读相关语句。【巩固练习】 ( 1 )Shopkeepers in Modbury, population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. (2007福建高考卷) The underlined word “disposable”in the pas
98、sage probably means_. A. acceptable B. valuable C. throw-away D. long-lasting（ 2 ）In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled afte
99、r the bands and the crowds have gone home. (2007上海高考卷 ) “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents _. A. economically desirable B. favorable to the environment C. for holding music performances D. Designed for disaster relief （ 3 ）Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much t
100、ime as possible visiting places, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. (2007广东高考卷)The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph means_.A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesme
101、n meet regularly （ 4 ） The term is “ networked individualism”. This concept is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings. How can we be individuals and be networked at the same time? You need other people for networks. (2007江苏高考卷) The underlined phrase “networked indivi
102、dualism” probably means that by using computers people _.A. stick to their own ways no matter what other people sayB. have the rights and freedom to do things of their own interestC. do things in their own ways and express opinions different from other peopleD. are able to keep to themselves but at
103、the same time reach out to other people应试要点: 先将文章大概扫读一遍, 再行阅读 如有标题,应仔细看它与全文中心的关系 如有生词又猜不出意思,跳过去继续看 每段的首句尾句常与本段中心有关 概括全文中心意思要包括个段内容 猜词要依据原文原句或上下文来确定 infer 是指原文没有明说但可猜出之意 推理判断要以作者态度为准 有的题目(很少)可根据常识理解 找具体信息时用跳读的技术 概括中心时用掠读的技术 答题时要看清题目要求,四个选项都要看 各类文章有不同特点,议论文要注意论点论据,记叙文要注意几个wh- 问题 不改变以往做题目习惯,先看题还是先看文章各有
104、利弊。众所周知，“从易到难”是我们每个同学应遵循的原则。所以在做阅读理解时，不必拘泥于试卷所呈现的语篇顺序。 可以先做广告或新闻报道类的应用文篇目。因为应用文阅读属于信息性阅读，主要目的在于获取某方面的信息，其试题大多数是客观性较强的表层理解题，比较容易直接在文章中找到答案。先做这类试题，能给自己增添信心，为顺利完成后面的试题打下良好的基础。同时，也可以省出时间来回答其他更复杂的问题。接着做人物、故事等类的记叙文。这类篇目中既有客观性较强的表层理解题，也有主观性较强的深层理解题，需要花费较多的时间进行推理、判断。最后，再做科普类的说明文。因为这类篇目中的生词量相对较大，句式也较复杂，需要用更多
105、的时间去完成相关题目。(仅作参考)【友情提醒】完成时间：35分钟左右。二、任务型阅读要点A、难在什么方面？ 1.难以理解文章结构与图表。 2.难以用适当的词或词的适当形式来填空。 3.不会概括 4. 方法不当，信心不足。B、有什么样的解题步骤与方法？1、略读。 快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构。 2、扫读。 扫读图表，以利带着问题找读。分析表格结构和内容准确定位填空的要求 (以时间 地点 因果对比性设题) 3、细读。 分析整合信息、准确表达。 这是解题的关键步骤。 要求同学们运用词形转换能力，英语释义与浓缩概括能力，逆向思维能力，概括与推断能力，语篇结构解读能力等对所获得的信息进行分析整合，从而
106、得到最佳答案。4、查读 通观全篇，复读检查。 要求检查 1）信息捕捉是否准确2）组织信息转换信息是否正确 3）综合概括是否到位具体方法： 1） 如何略读和扫读：首先，根据最醒目的字眼（time age number place）其次，依据信息词,如：（1）5个W： Who what when where why how（2）时间先后: First then after that next finally （3）因果: Because thus lead to is caused by as a result of Likeness alike common just as eitheror （
107、4）比较 : Similarly, differently, likeness, unlike, But while however instead on the contrary2）如何细读在略读和扫读的基础上，带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记。3）如何组织、表述信息 (1)使用同义词或反义词（尤其在做“不得使用文章中单词时”）例如： Children act more like adults than they used to. Children today _as if they were adults. Any activity that leaves you feeling w
108、arm and a little breathless but still able to hold a conversation counts. People should do appropriate physical activity until they feel warm and _ breathless. Concerned that the boy might get hurt, the judge called a time-out. The judge _ that the boy might get hurt and called a time-out. . .but th
109、ere appears to be widespread misinformation about the way this disease but there seems to be widespread _ information about how . .One way such chemicals can enter the environment is when they are not stored correctly. Chemicals can pollute groundwater if they are stored _.(2)词性转换 例如：. As far as I c
110、an remember, my friends and I didnt find out we were depressed until we were in high school. we never experienced _ when we were in childhood. . His opponent was bigger, stronger and more experienced. His opponent was more _ built and had more _. .The number one health threat is the microbiological(
111、微生物) safety of food Microbiological safety of food and intentional contamination of foodstuffs are _ peoples life. .Compared with Neptune, Pluto is very small. In _ with Neptune, Pluto is very small. .Large animals loosen dirt and rocks as they walk along waterways to drink. Large animals make dirt
112、and rocks _ when walking along .(3)句子结构转换例如：. A 10-year-old boy decided to learn judo despite the fact that he had lost his left arm in a car accident. A boy decided to learn judo _ he had lost his left arm. Is it possible for the police to find the lost boy?Is there any _ that the police will find
113、the lost boy?.The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills -they need to be confident, happy and clever. Parents are only educating their children on how to take m
114、ultiple-choice tests and how to study well _ of teaching them how to be confident, happy and clever. As the outside of the star sinks toward the center, the star gets smaller and smaller. With the outside of the star _ towards the center, the star gets4.另选它词来释义或概括Footprints are one of the few pieces
115、 of hard evidence supporting the idea that there is Yeti.Footprints are one of the few pieces of hard evidence that support the _ of Yeti. The ministry warned that thefts and robberies inside or near banks rose rapidly, with the victims mostly women and elderly people.Theft and robbery accounted for
116、 80%; women and elderly people were mostly _ for; It advised people not to take large amount of cash while traveling, especially during the approaching Spring Festival season, which always witnesses a large number of crimes.people were advised to _taking a large amount of cash. . E-mail has changed
117、the speed with which we exchange information. In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your hobby. E-mail has also enabled us to exchange information at _ speed than traditional communicative methods. If we skip breakfast, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low
118、 on fuel. Without breakfast, we are likely to feel tired owing to _ of fuel.4）如何归纳、概括概括性词的特征：概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)针对性（不能太大也不能太小，量体裁衣，大小适度) 醒目性（注意措辞）部分概括性词： reasons causes conclusion results effects consequences advice suggestions opinions attitudes problems measures solutions ways features characteristi
119、cs advantages disadvantages differences similarities types kinds sorts forms names age sex time cost event purposeC、“任务型阅读”，解题时要注意什么？1、审大题 即看清楚答题要求，尤其是 “注意”后的具体要求：属三种情况中哪一种；在答题的过程中，能自始至终贯彻这一要求。2、审小题 认真阅读表格及其中的内容，注意其横向、纵向的类别规律和表达方式。 句子类 短语类 3、审格式 任务型阅读题为主观性试题，答题一定要符合题目要求、句子结构要求、同类或同栏表达一致性要求；要注意大小写、字迹
120、等细节问题，以规范答题，求得最佳解题效果。解题宗旨准确把脉 快速识图 图文并举 有效表达 (1) 关注标题,抓住文章的主题思想: 应首先浏览全文, 然后结合文章后面表格的信息, 注意文章的大标题,即表格上的标题.(2) 读懂正文, 理清短文的主体结构: 短文的结构往往是命题重要的线索, 同时分析理顺表格线索, 理清表格的设计思路.(3) 细节阅读: 根据已给表格栏目, 从文章中相应段落中找出信息点. 细读文章,边读边做题, 圈出关键词, 留心是否需要进行词形的变化.(4) 书写答案: 要书写工整, 语言形式规范, 注意同一栏目下的词语形式的一致性.【友情提醒】完成时间：13分钟以内。第三部分：
121、书面表达 答题应试技巧：牢记“一式、两头、三写、四关”的应试要诀。一式，是关注文章体裁，写对格式；两头，即写好文章的开头和结尾；三写，是大小写、拼写和书写无误；四关，也就是过好内容要点关、行文逻辑关、语法规则关和习惯表达关。具体如下：1、注重审题，对写的内容做到心中有数。首先，应通过审题明确文章的体裁。其次，应注重时态及语态，认真琢磨其内容的英语表达方式，避免汉式英语。最后着手写时要注意分段。2、内容要点是否齐全；句子语法（包括：时态、语态、用词、句法和结构格式等）是否正确；词汇是否准确多样；句式结构是否丰富多彩；逻辑关系词使用是否到位；是否合理使用连接词和过渡性词语；标点符号、英语字母大小写
122、是否规范。3、在表达清晰明了的前提下适当使用有把握的复杂结构和高级词汇。4、注重英语习惯，使所写句子准确地道，注意表达时的切换，避免汉式英语。5、注重开头和结尾的技巧。6、新标准对写作的要求增加了情感因素，所以发挥自己的观点时注重思想性，力图提高文章思想内涵。7、注重书写，追求卷面美观。书面表达属于主观性试题，阅卷老师的主观印象直接关系到考生的得分高低。8、通读全文，检查疏漏。忌：书写潦草、单词模糊不清、左右明显不齐、随意涂改、缺乏分段、字数太多或太少（应在130-170间）应注意的几个问题:一、 要点全高考英语书面表达题都是根据内容和表达给分的，因此要点是否齐全，直接影响考生能否得高分。考虑
123、书面表达写作要点时，不该写的尽量不写，因为言多必失，因此要适当发挥，而不要无限制地发挥。二、 语法正在写书面表达时，每一个句子都要尽可能避免语法错误，考生们通常在下列语法方面最易出错。1) 句型错误例：There were 50,000 people died in the earthquake.(此句不要用There be) The book makes us be interested in music.(此处要去掉be) The noise made us couldnt concentrate on our studies. ( made us unable to concentrat
124、e on)2) 动词错误a. 缺谓语 例：They all against the plan. (加are)b. 搭配错误 fix ones attention to sth./doing sth. (to 应改为 on)c. 时态错误 高考书面表达题通常都考查时态，而每一个特定时间背景下的时态都是相同的，比如介绍人物和单位的现状，应以一般现在时为主。介绍其过去情况，应以一般过去时为主。日记的写作应以一般过去时为主，通知的写作应以一般现在时为主，千万不能随心所欲或者不假思索地使用时态，造成大面积失分。d. 语态错误 汉语被动色彩不浓厚，因此不少场合考生易受汉语的习惯影响，不使用被动语态。例：H
125、e remembered his wallet had lost in the bus. (加 been)有时不该用被动语态，不少考生却用了被动语态。例：The matter was happened two years ago. (去掉was)不少基础较差的考生喜欢在行为动词前加动词be。例：I am think that Ill learn how to use a computer. (去掉am)3) 主谓一致错误例：Every student in our class study very hard. (改为studies) The Chinese is a hard-working
126、people. (改为 are )4) 冠词错误冠词属小词，很多考生不重视冠词，实际上冠词用错了也影响表达。例：We visited many buildings in the city such as library, laboratory and teaching building.(libraries, laboratories and teaching buildings.)三、 表达准考生做书面表达题时，要使用正确的、地道的语言。不能使用生涩难懂或不符合英语表达习惯的语言，考生常犯的语言错误有下列几种：1. 英语单词堆砌法有的考生在写英语句子时，不会使用准确的英语，而根据汉语的句子顺
127、序用相应的英语单词堆砌成英语句子。例：误：Welcome you come to our school to visit.正：Youre welcome to visit our school.2. “Chinglish”表达法很多考生写英语短文时易受汉语习惯影响，所写句子虽然语法正确，却是不符合英语表达习惯的中式英语。例：误：My height is 180 centimeters and my body is healthy.正：Im 180 centimeters tall and Im healthy. 误：2008, May 12th afternoon, A major catas
128、trophe attacked the Si Chuan 正：On the afternoon of May 12, 2008, an earthquake struck Sichuan province3. 难词解释法不少考生平时不注重记忆必要的单词，写作时碰到生词就绕道走，最后只好用解释法、定义法来说明，结果语言生涩难懂，文意错乱，表达不畅。例：误：Mr Li is good at teaching. He has many ways of teaching his students.正：Mr Li is good at teaching. He has many teaching met
129、hods.四、 结构整所谓结构整，就是要求考生在初学写作时要用完整的简单句将句意表达清楚，就是要把握好两个关系：完整不等于一定要用复杂的句子。考生一味追求新、奇、难、，很容易出差错。例：误：It is not only the boy but also his parents are kind to others.正：Not only the boy but also his parents are kind to others.简单不等于一定用省略句。考生在不可省略的地方省略，结构就不完整，句意就不明确。例：误：He doesnt know what and how to do it.正：H
130、e doesnt know what to do and how to do it.五、 逻辑顺不少考生在写英语短文时，完全根据材料前后顺序，将所给内容一一译成英语，或者虽有变化，但文意仍不通顺。这两种情况都会使得短文前后不连贯，层次不清晰，逻辑性不强。因此，考生应认真思考所给材料，找到短文表达的主旨文意及线索，然后在文意及线索引导下，将短文内容顺畅地表达出来。为了增加文章的可续性，考生应学会使用and , so, then , at the same time , on one hand , on the other hand , besides , whats more, moreover
131、, therefore, in that case , Im afraid, I think等表示过渡及连接的词汇，这样就可以有效地增强文章的可读性，增加文章的感情色彩。六、 卷面洁考生写好作文后，应认真修改，避免大小写及标点符号错误，誊写时应尽可能书写工整，布局美观，卷面漂亮、整洁，这会增加得高分的机会。注意到以上这些，就能够写出高质量的文章。NMET书面表达五忌切忌仓促审题，盲目提笔。认真审题是做好书面表达的关键环节，要掌握主旨大意，弄清要写的体裁，抓住每个要点。切忌生造汉语式英语。不用自己不熟悉的句型或短语，尽量避免使用复合句，尽量使用自己有把握的在课本中学过的句型或短语。切忌节外生枝，
132、随意发挥。除必要的承上启下的句子外，不要写与本题无关的内容。切忌冒险使用无把握词语和句式。要学会扬长避短，遇到不会的句子，可用“迂回”的方法去表达。切忌涂涂改改，卷面不清。书写一定要工整，卷面一定要清楚、整洁，否则会丢分。建议先起草后抄写在试卷上。【友情提醒】完成时间：25分钟。“读写任务”议论文写作导练阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than house
133、wives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than the job-holders. A study shows that whenever the employment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increase correspondingly(相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.Why is work good for health? It is becaus
134、e work keeps people busy, away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work, people come into contact with each other. By collective a
135、ctivities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him likely to disease. Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in soc
136、iety. When a writer finishes his writing or teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.写作内容1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；2)然后以约120个词就“努力学习，快乐生活”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：a)你赞同“努力学习也可以快乐生活”这一观点吗？为什么？ b)举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的？c)简述如何才能做到努力学习并快乐生活？写作指导(1)拟定标题：根据议论的主题及写作内容确定标题：Study hard and enjoy yourselve
137、s。(2)扼要概括：找出议论文的基本要素，然后用自己的话表达出来。论点观点work is helpful to health论证理由a. work keeps people busy, away from lonelinessb. work serves as a bridge between man and realityc. work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement(3)确立观点，实施论证：首先要定好自己的观点，不一定是自己本来持有的观点，主要是看文章怎么好写就怎样立论。然后，根据所给“写作内容”进行构
138、思，此处要求举例说明你的同学是如何努力学习并保持健康乐观的心态的，那么，写之前可以想一想平时的学习过程中，什么时候会发笑，会高兴，再把它们搬到同学的身上，用第三人称即可。如一起分享攻克难题后的喜悦；新学会的谚语刚好应景而生；开同学一个无伤大雅的玩笑；学习之余，抽半个小时来一场三人小组篮球赛进行自我调节等等。论点观点the harder you work, the happier you will be论证理由a. hard work can keep a person busy;b. hard work can make one feel fruitful and proud of himse
139、lf;c. the above factors can lead to a healthy body.最后，用一两句话简述你的看法。范文鉴赏 Study hard and enjoy yourselvesThe author highlights the effect of work on peoples health, because it can rid one of loneliness, and make one feel fruitful and proud of himself, which always contributes to a good body.In common w
140、ith the author, I agree that the harder you work, the happier you will be, as hard work can keep a person busy, and gives one a sense of achievement, hence he will be self-confident and feel happy.Around me, some of my classmates work very hard, hoping to fulfill their dream. However, they dont seem
141、 unhappy. Oppositely, they try to find fun even under the pressure of the NMET. For example, they may share the joy with others when working out a problem. Sometimes they may play a trick on his partner using the newly-learned idioms, thus refresh themselves quickly.As for me, I think only when we t
142、ruly experience what fun it is, can we spare no effort to study hard and meanwhile enjoy ourselves.“读写任务”记叙文写作导练阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。About forty years ago, I was an instructor in the military college at Woolwich, when young Scoresby was given his first examination. I felt extremely sorry for
143、 him. Everybody answered the questions well, intelligently, while he did not know anything, so to speak. He was a nice, pleasant young man. It was painful to see him stand there and give answers that were wonders of stupidity.I knew of course that when examined again he would fail and be thrown out.
144、 So, I said to myself, it would be a simple, harmless act to help him as much as I could.I took him aside and found he knew a little about Julius Cesars history. But he did not know anything else. So, I tested him and worked him like a slave. I made him work, over and over again, on a few questions
145、about, which I knew he would be asked.He came through very well on the day of the examination. He got high praise too, while others who knew a thousand more than he were sharply criticized!I thought that what in the end would destroy him would be the mathematics examination. I decided to make his en
146、d as painless as possible. So, I pushed facts into his stupid head for hours. Finally, however, I was shocked out of my mind. He took the first prize! And he got the highest praise.写作内容1)以约30个词概括短文的要点；2)然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的亲友通过勤奋创造奇迹的经历，并包括如下的要点：a)叙述你或你的亲友通过勤奋创造奇迹的一次真实或虚构的经历；b)你或你亲友的是如何创造奇迹的；c)别人对
147、你或你亲友的评价。写作指导(1)故事性的短文概括应围绕“什么人、发生了什么事、结局如何”来写，即阐述一个故事梗概，忌力陈细节，忌掺入个人评价。(2)考虑概括内容与你所写故事之间的自然承接，可采用以下的承接方式：This story reminds me of another story that happened toI also went through such an experience.(3)简述相似经历，即与原阅读材料的故事一样能揭示同一主题思想而不同情节的故事。(4)阅读原材料，不难看出作者想告诉我们只要有意志和勤奋，就会有“丑小鸭也会蜕变成天鹅”的奇迹，一切皆有可能。因此，我们可
148、以拟定题目为Hard Work Creates Miracles。确定主题后，挑选一个类似的能说明主题思想的故事。(5)在组织故事时，由于受篇幅的限制，我们也尽可能省去心理描写和对话等细节，用简练的语言（尽量用间接引语）把故事的过程讲清楚即可。组织故事时，可以简单列出要点，有利于我们选择短语、句型和相关的连接词语。(6)写完故事后，应把你所写的故事和原材料的故事所揭示的主题思想用一两句话写出来, 即篇末点题。范文鉴赏 Hard Work Creates MiraclesWith his instructors help and his hard work, Scoresby, a stupid
149、 military man, did better than others in the history examination and even won the first prize in the mathematics examination!This story reminds me of a similar experience of my cousin. He was nothing but a football fan. So you can imagine how angry and disappointed my uncle and aunt were every time
150、the result of an exam came out! He had been the last in the list of the whole grade! Everybody around my cousin believed him hopeless. However, when he became a student of Senior Three, for some reason, he began to study very hard, or rather, day and night. In spite of the fact that he was quite often laughed at, he kept on studying. To everybodys surprise, he was finally admitted into a famous university.From the above two stories, we can see that nothing is impossible and that hard work creates miracles!
