1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures句子成分和基本句型结构观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能: 1. The class was difficult. 2. I couldnt concentrate on the experiment. 3. The lab is new and the lesson was great. 4. I miss my friends from junior high school. 5.
2、I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 6. The guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. 7. I just had my first maths class at senior high school. 【归纳填空】一、句子成分句子表达一个完整的意思, 是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。句子一般可以分成几个部分, 每个部分在句中具有一定的功能, 称为句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。主要句子成分归纳如下: 成分意义位置主语
3、S(subject)句子的主体; 谓语陈述、说明的对象, 说明动作由“谁”发出位于句首谓语V(verb)表示主语的行为或状态, 是英语句子的灵魂、核心主语之后宾语O(object)表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者动词或介词后直接宾语DO(direct object)表示动作的承受者, 一般是物动词后间接宾语IO(indirect object)表示动作是对谁或为谁做的, 一般是人动词后表语P(predicative)用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等系动词后宾语补足语OC(object complement)补充说明宾语的动作或状态宾语后定语(attributive)用来修饰名词或代词,
4、说明其本质或特征名词或代词前面或后面状语A(adverbial)说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生; 说明形容词或副词的程度位置灵活1. 主语(subject)主语是一句话的主体, 表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前, 通常由名词(名词短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等充当。*(2020全国卷)Recent studies have found positive effects. 近来的研究发现了积极的影响。(名词)*We will make dumplings together. 我们将一起包水饺。(代词)*Seven-tenths of the earth su
5、rface is covered with water. 十分之七的地球表面被水覆盖。(数词)*To harm animals is to harm ourselves. 伤害动物就是伤害我们自己。(动词不定式)*Learning English can be challenging. 学英语可能很有挑战性。(动名词)2. 谓语(verb)谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语做什么, 是什么或者怎么样。谓语位于主语之后, 由动词充当。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语, 无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下, 都被称为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。*(2019全国卷) I enjo
6、yed sharing my dolls and jokes. 我喜欢分享我的玩偶和笑话。(简单谓语)*Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大的变化。(复合谓语)3. 宾语(object)宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象, 或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。*(2019浙江高考)Everyone has bad days and good days. 每个人都有糟糕的日子和开心的日子。(名词)*I can get them to know more a
7、bout Chinese painting. 我可以让他们更多地了解中国绘画。(代词)*He wants to challenge himself. 他想挑战自我。(动词不定式短语)*Im looking forward to seeing you earlier. 我期盼着早点看到你。(动名词短语)【知识延伸】直接宾语和间接宾语的区别: 直接宾语表示动作的承受者, 一般是物; 间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的, 一般是人。例如: *Please show me your passport. 请把你的护照给我看一下。*Mother made Mary a new coat. 妈妈为玛丽做了一件
8、新大衣。4. 表语(predicative)表语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。*My favorite subject is English. 我最喜欢的科目是英语。(名词)*(2020浙江高考) You may feel tired. 你或许会感到疲惫。(形容词)*The world is in your debt. 世界欠你们一份情。(介词短语)*The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. 最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。(动词不
9、定式短语)5. 宾语补足语(object complement)有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整, 还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后, 一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。*He has proved himself an experienced teacher. 他证明自己是一名经验丰富的教师。(名词)*You will find her humorous and easy to get along with. 你会发现她很幽默, 很容易相处。(形容词)*(2021浙江高考)You run into the
10、grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. 你跑进杂货店买了一瓶水。 (动词不定式短语)*He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage. 他很高兴看见无家可归的儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。(过去分词)6. 定语(attributive)定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。*It helps students find summer jobs. 它帮助
11、学生寻找暑假工作。(名词)*All should do something meaningful. 所有人都应该做点有意义的事。(形容词)*Youd better form the habit of keeping diaries. 你最好养成写日记的习惯。(介词短语)*There is nothing to do today. 今天没有事要做。(动词不定式)7. 状语(adverbial)状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。*(2020江苏高考)We understood one another perfec
12、tly. 我们彼此非常了解。 (副词)*President Xi made an important speech at Wednesdays meeting. 习主席在周三的会上发表了重要讲话。(介词短语)形容词作状语形容词作状语一般位于句首或者句末, 用来表示主语或宾语的特征或状态。例如: The tourists came back, safe and sound. 游客们回来了, 安然无恙。【巧学助记】 句子基本成分口诀主谓宾, 定状补, 主干枝叶分清楚。主干成分主谓宾, 枝叶成分定状补。定语常在主宾前, 补语现身宾后边。状语可放谓前后, 偶在主前逗号连, 双宾有人也有物, 直宾前头间
13、宾站。系动词后是表语, 句子成分记心间。指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分(1)The students got on the school bus. 主语 定语(2)He handed me the newspaper. 间接宾语(3)I shall answer your question after class. 谓语 状语(4)What a beautiful Chinese painting! 定语(5)His job is to train swimmers. 定语表语(6)He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 宾语 状语(7
14、)His wish is to become a scientist. 主语表语二、八种基本句型1. SV主语+谓语(不及物动词) SV句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思, 这类动词叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。*Time flies. 时间飞逝。*(2020 天津高考)President Lincoln smiled. 林肯总统笑了。2. SVO主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语SVO句式句型特点: 谓语动词均为实义动词, 都是主语发出的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当),
15、 即动作的承受者, 才能表达完整的意思。*(2020全国卷)Ive found a new relationship with libraries. 我找到了与图书馆的新关系。*Little children should not wear masks. 婴幼儿不应戴口罩。SVO句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词, 后面一定要跟介词构成及物动词词组。*We should often take part in sports and outdoor activities. 我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。3. SP主语+系动词+表语SP句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或
16、怎么样, 谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词), 表语多为形容词, 也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。表感官: look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉起来)表保持: keep/stay/remain(保持)表变化: become(成为, 变得), get(变得), turn(变得), go(变得), come(变得)*My ideal university is Central South University. 我的理想大学是中南大学。*As a student in senior high school, the
17、most important task is to study hard. 作为一名高中生, 最重要的任务是努力学习。使用系动词应该注意: 第一, 没有被动语态; 第二, 一般没有进行时态(除了feel以外); 第三, 有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词, 如keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell等。4. S V IO DO主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语S V IO DO句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语; 一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面, 直接宾语在后面。*I will tell you some de
18、tails. 我将告诉你一些细节。*(2019全国卷)It gives us a great feeling of peace. 它给我们一种很棒的平静的感觉。常见的接双宾语的及物动词(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send等后面的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。*(2019北京高考)She handed me advice. =She handed advice to me. 她给了我建议。(2)buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后面的间接宾语可
19、转换为介词for的宾语来表示。*His father bought him an ipad. =His father bought an iPad for him. 他的爸爸给他买了个 iPad。(3)ask, answer, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。*This car cost me 2, 000 yuan for the repair. 这次修车花了我两千元。5. SVOC主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语SVOC句式中的动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语, 才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的
20、, 直接跟在宾语之后。*You can make a broom stand upright today. 你今天可以让扫把立起来。*As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject。作为一名高中生, 我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。6. SVA主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语*(2020全国卷)She lives on the ground floor. 她住在一楼。*(2019全国卷)This development did not take place overnight. 这个发展不是一夜之间发生的
21、。7. SVOA主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语*Andrew Mazoleny is finishing his lunch at the bar. Andrew Mazoleny正在酒吧吃午饭。*We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 我们昨天在农场栽了很多树。8. There be. . . (There+系动词. . . )There be后面的名词是句子的主语, 属于倒装结构, 且系动词除be外, 还有lie, stand, used to be, seem to be, appear to be 等。*(2020全国卷)T
22、here are four fantastic galleries to visit. 有四个极好的画廊供参观。*There seems to be a trend that people now tend to play with their cell phones no matter where they are. 似乎有一个趋势无论人们在哪里, 他们都会玩手机。There be的就近原则There be句型中的be 动词的形式应和其后紧挨着的主语一致, 即遵循“就近原则”。句型中动词be可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。写出下列句子的句型结构(1)We are working
23、. SV(2)I can swim very well. SVA(3)The waiter brought me a bottle of beer. S V IO DO(4)Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. SVO(5)He began learning English ten years ago. SVOA(6)You must get the car ready. SVOC(7)(2019全国卷)The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. SP(8)There are many places of inte
24、rest worth visitingThere be句型. 写出下列画线部分在句子中所作成分1. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. (主语)2. Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. (谓语)3. I learned many new words last class. (宾语)4. The old man was very tired. (表语)5. She asks the children to read newspapers and books i
25、n the reading-room. (宾语补足语)6. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (状语)7. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. (直接宾语). 写出下列句子的句型结构1. I replied. (SV)2. I was embarrassed. (SP)3. I saw an old man. (SVO)4. There are teachers online whom you can turn to for help. (There be
26、句型)5. Summer is my favourite season of the year. (SP)6. The students and teachers shared a great time. (SVO)7. The women are talking aloud in the next room. (SVA)8. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm. (SVA)9. The scientist will offer you some good advice. (S V IO DO)10. The Internet makes sh
27、opping easy and convenient. (SVOC)使用本单元所学句子成分和基本句型补全下面的语段Good morning, everyone! Its a great honor (很荣幸SP)for me to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Serena and Im fifteen years old(我十五岁了SP). I come from Dalian city (我来自大连市SVA) which is a beautiful and attractive place. I wish you can visit
28、 it and I believe that you will be impressed(会给你留下深刻印象SV). English and movies are my favorites which can help me learn and relax(它们能帮助我学习和放松SVOC). I like making friends(我喜欢交友SVO), especially the ones who share common interests with me. And I think we can have much to share and talk about. I hope to make progress with my friends (我希望能和我的朋友们一起进步SVOA). Thank you. 关闭Word文档返回原板块
