1、考点规范练5(必修1Module 5)考点规范练第10页.阅读理解Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head,according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the mo
2、ment when their hearts are contracting and pumping blood around their bodies,compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event,depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle o
3、f contraction and relaxation.Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said,“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their rea
4、ctions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said,“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we dont seeand guide whether we see fear.”To further understand
5、 this relationship,the scientists also used a brain scanner to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain speak to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,”Dr Garfinkel said.“We hope t
6、hat by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced,we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”【语篇导读】本文主要介绍对20名健康的志愿者进行的恐惧反应试验,告诉读者大脑与心脏都能感知到恐惧,而且心脏跳动的
7、周期与人们感知恐惧的机会有关联。这份研究成果未来有望更成功地用于治疗忧虑症以及应激障碍疾病。1.What is the finding of the study?A.Ones heart affects how he feels fear.B.Fear is a result of ones relaxed heartbeat.C.Fear has something to do with ones health.D.Ones fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.答案:A解析:细节理解题。由题干中的finding可将答案定位于第一段中的“.acco
8、rding to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.(据研究发现,心跳循环与人感知恐惧的机会是有关联的。)”据此可知,一个人的心脏影响一个人的恐惧程度。故选A项。2.The study was carried out by analyzing .A.volunteers heartbeats when they saw terrible picturesB.the time volunteers saw fearfu
9、l pictures and their health conditionsC.volunteers reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scansD.different pictures shown to volunteers and their heartbrain communication答案:C解析:细节理解题。由题干中的carried out可将答案定位于文章第36段对实验的介绍。根据第四段中的“The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactio
10、ns to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.(这项研究对20名健康的志愿者试验了当他们看到恐惧面孔图片时的反应。)”以及第五段中的“.the scientists also used a brain scanner to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a persons feeling of fear.(为了演示大脑是如何影响心脏改变人对恐惧的感知方式,科学家们还使用了大脑扫描仪。)”可知,研究是通过分析志愿者们对恐惧图片的反应以及来自大脑扫描仪
11、的数据进行的。故选C项。3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?A.Order.B.System.C.Machine.D.Treatment.答案:B解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词所在的句子“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and the brain speak to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear.(我们已经发现一个重要的mechani
12、sm,通过它,心脏和大脑可以相互交流以便于改变我们的感觉和减少恐惧)”可知,mechanism是心脏与大脑交流的一个完整“系统”,而不是“命令”“机器”或者“治疗”。故选B项。4.This study may contribute to .A.treating anxiety and stress betterB.explaining the cycle of fear and anxietyC.finding the key to the heartbrain communicationD.understanding different fears in our hearts and hea
13、ds答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“.we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders,and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.(我们或许能够更成功地治疗忧虑症,还可以治疗那些可能正遭受应激障碍疾病痛苦的患者。)”可推知,该研究有助于更好地治疗忧虑症和应激障碍。故选A项。.完形填空(2015云南师大附中适应性考试)Visitors to the dry,hot Sonoran Deser
14、t of the southern Arizona and northern Mexico are amazed at the many-armed giants.They are the saguaro cacti(树形仙人掌),a giant which gives the landscape its1appearance.In the dry desert the saguaro cacti can live for more than 200 years,grow to a 2of 60 feet,and have as many as 50 arms.More 3,the sagua
15、ro cacti still persist despite the unbearable desert climate.Those that have grown to old age have4droughts,freezes,flash floods,and bush fires as well as the 5caused by groups of rats that eat their seedlings(秧苗).Like all other desert6,these leafless giants can store water for use during the desert
16、s long dry seasons by7 water through their long roots.Naturally,the great saguaro cacti are a(n) 8part of the desert life.Actually the giants may be9 to many animals,including woodpeckers,owls,doves,bats and insects.In addition,after a saguaro10the age of 50 or so,cold-resistant flowers11at the top
17、of the plants once a year.These flowers 12birds,bats and bees,which come for the honey and for the tasty flowers with their black seeds.13 the splendid saguaros are plentiful in the Southwest,they are unfortunately 14.These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening,and the thieves can earn
18、 thousands of dollars by uprooting and 15 them to nurseries(苗圃).To protect these southwestern 16,agents for the Arizona Department of Agriculture go around and 17the desert.Its a most important job though a hard one.But without the saguaro cacti,many desert animals would suffer a lack of 18 and loss
19、 of nesting sites.The Southwest,too,would19something of unique importance,since these desert giants have become a 20of the dry region.【语篇导读】本文是一篇环境类的说明文。文章从奇特的形状、生活特性、经济价值等方面介绍了Sonoran Desert(索诺兰沙漠)的标志性植物树形仙人掌。1.A.generalB.basicC.uniqueD.lovely答案:C解析:根据下文可知,树形仙人掌有多达50个手形分支,所以形状“独特”,故选unique“独特的”。gen
20、eral“普通的”;basic“基本的”;lovely“可爱的”。2.A.lengthB.heightC.sizeD.width答案:B解析:根据前面的“giant”及后面的“60 feet”可知,此处表示的是“高度”,因此选height。length“长度”;size“尺寸”;width“宽度”。3.A.pleasinglyB.inspiringlyC.interestinglyD.amazingly答案:D解析:根据上文可知,游客对树形仙人掌的形状惊讶不已,更令人惊讶的是它们的适应能力,因此选amazingly。pleasingly“令人愉快地”;inspiringly“鼓舞人心地”;in
21、terestingly“有趣地”。4.A.lived throughB.broken throughC.cut throughD.got through答案:A解析:根据上下文可知,树形仙人掌“经历”了恶劣环境的考验,live through“经历”符合语境。break through“突破”;cut through“抄近路穿过,走近路”;get through“接通电话,通过考试”。5.A.crisisB.damageC.destructionD.load答案:B解析:除了恶劣的气候外,树形仙人掌还要遭受老鼠的“破坏”,因此选damage。crisis“危机”;destruction“毁灭”
22、;load“负担”。6.A.plantsB.livesC.animalsD.creatures答案:A解析:像沙漠里其他所有的“植物”一样,因此选plants。life“生命”;animal“动物”;creature“生物”。7.A.pouringB.squeezingC.pumpingD.absorbing答案:D解析:树形仙人掌通过它们的长根茎吸收水。absorb“吸收”,符合语境。pour“倒,灌”;squeeze“挤压”;pump“抽出”。8.A.independentB.vitalC.originalD.mysterious答案:B解析:根据下文可知,作为许多动物赖以生存的食物和家园
23、,树形仙人掌是沙漠“极为重要的”部分,因此选vital“极重要的”。independent“独立的”;original“原始的”;mysterious“神秘的”。9.A.spotB.fieldC.homeD.camp答案:C解析:根据最后一段的倒数第二句“But without the saguaro cacti.loss of nesting sites”可知,树形仙人掌可能是许多动物的栖息地。因此选home“家园”。spot“地点”;field“田地”;camp“营地”。10.A.turnsB.takesC.meetsD.gains答案:A解析:树形仙人掌长到50岁左右。此处选turn意为
24、“到(某年龄或某个时间)”,其后直接跟数字。take“带走”;meet“遇到”;gain“获得”。11.A.come upB.come outC.show offD.show up答案:B解析:根据上下文可知,这里指树形仙人掌开花了,因此选come out“(花朵)开放”。come up“走近,被提到”;show off“炫耀”;show up“露面,到达”。12.A.callB.trapC.fascinateD.stick答案:C解析:根据下文中的“which come for the honey”可知,树形仙人掌的花吸引了一些动物,因此此处选fascinate“迷住,深深吸引”。call“
25、召集”;trap“困住”;stick“粘”。13.A.AsB.ButC.AlthoughD.Yet答案:C解析:尽管在西南这壮丽的树形仙人掌很多,但它们却面临着危险。逗号前后表示让步关系,although“尽管”,符合语境。as“因为”;but“但是”;yet“然而”。14.A.in dangerB.in demandC.in needD.in control答案:A解析:根据上题解析可知,此处应选in danger“处于危险之中”。in demand“需求大,受欢迎”;in need“需要”;in control“掌管”。15.A.exchangingB.tradingC.offeringD
26、.selling答案:D解析:根据空格前的“These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening,and the thieves can earn thousands of dollars.”可知,树形仙人掌被偷去卖钱,sell“卖”,符合语境。exchange“交换”;trade“从事贸易”;offer“提供”。16.A.treasuresB.decorationsC.possessionsD.creations答案:A解析:根据全文可知,树形仙人掌是应该受到保护的沙漠珍宝,treasure“珍宝”,符合语境。decoration
27、“装饰”;possession“拥有物”;creation“发明,创造”。17.A.look overB.hand overC.watch overD.turn over答案:C解析:为了保护这些珍宝,亚利桑那州农业部派代理人保护沙漠。故选watch over“监督,保护”。look over“浏览,迅速地检查”;hand over“移交”;turn over“翻转”。18.A.foodB.sceneryC.waterD.flavor答案:A解析:根据第三段的最后一句可知,树形仙人掌还是动物们的食物。没有了它们,就意味着“食物”的短缺,因此此处选food。scenery“风景”;water“水
28、”;flavor“味道”。19.A.affectB.abandonC.increaseD.lose答案:D解析:西南部也将失去这些极具重要性的东西,因此此处选lose。affect“影响”;abandon“遗弃,放弃”;increase“增加”。20.A.signalB.signC.markD.symbol答案:D解析:这些沙漠巨型植物已经变成了这个干燥区域的标志。根据句意可知,此处选symbol“标志”。signal“信号”;sign“征兆”;mark“记号”。.语篇填空Thirteen years ago,we lost our home in a fire.The firefighter
29、s were 1.(amaze);the first thing they did was throwing our childs first year photo album,which 2.(be) 13 months at the time,out of the front door with smoke and fire everywhere.We 3.(treasure) the album,but how did they know it was important to us?They are truly sympathetic heroes.After the fire,I w
30、ould bake 4.(cake) and take them down to the fire station with our daughter.We have been friends all these years.It has been quite 5. while since I have baked for them.Today I baked some delicious cakes 6. took them to the fire station.As I walked into the firehouse,I was greeted by a firefighter wi
31、th the 7.(warm) smile Id ever seen.He was so 8.(touch) by the gift and welcomed me in.He wanted to know how our family was and hoped we would meet again.I often run into one or two of the firemen 9. saved our lives that terrible night.We are family,and I am always touched by how caring and loving we
32、 can be with each other.Ill always value our 10.(friend).答案与解析:【语篇导读】本文讲述了十三年前作者家里发生火灾,在那场火灾中,作者收获了消防员的友谊。1.amazing解析:考查非谓语动词。amazing做表语,表示这些消防队员令人惊讶。2.was解析:考查时态。文章叙述过去发生的事,所以应用一般过去时。3.treasured解析:考查时态。叙述过去发生的事,用一般过去时。4.cakes解析:考查名词复数形式。根据下文中的them可知,此处的cake表示复数概念,因此用复数形式。5.a解析:考查冠词。quite a while“相当
33、长一段时间”,是固定用法。6.and解析:考查并列连词。and连接两个并列谓语baked和took,表示依次发生。7.warmest解析:考查形容词最高级。由下文Id ever seen得出,此处用形容词的最高级,表示“我”见过的最温暖的微笑。8.touched解析:考查过去分词。be so touched“深受感动”。touch“感动,触动”,与主语是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。9.who解析:考查关系代词。引导定语从句且在从句中做主语;先行词firemen是指人的名词。所以用who。10.friendship解析:考查抽象名词。此处应该用friendship表示“友谊”,意思是“我会永远
34、珍惜我们的友谊”。.短文改错In December of 2006,I was the single parent raising my daughter whom was six years old at the time.I didnt have much money,and I wanted to buy a Christmas tree.I took my daughter along with me.As we were choosing a Christmas tree within my budget,my daughter wanted a big tree than that
35、 planned one.I told my daughter we cant afford a taller tree.Someone must have heard of our conversation.When I went to paying for the tree,the clerk said the customer before me had paid for my tree.I shocked.I was very thankful to what the stranger had done for us.That day I promised to me that I w
36、ould pay it forward.答案:In December of 2006,I was thea single parent raising my daughter whomwho was six years old at the time.I didnt have much money,andbut I wanted to buy a Christmas tree.I took my daughter along with me.As we were choosing a Christmas tree within my budget,my daughter wanted a bi
37、gbigger tree than that planned one.I told my daughter we cantcouldnt afford a taller tree.Someone must have heard of our conversation.When I went to payingpay for the tree,the clerk said the customer before me had paid for my tree.I was shocked.I was very thankful tofor what the stranger had done for us.That day I promised to memyself that I would pay it forward.导学号03110004