1、2016高考英语二轮（十一月）练习及答案：阅读理解（4）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 (The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority Business) Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored managem
2、ent and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years
3、 after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts. Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minor
4、ity enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a
5、 participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-sp
6、ecific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses alrea
7、dy exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBICs far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to genera
8、te sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBICs are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises. Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms mo
9、re pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility approach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would wa
10、rrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC
11、s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?A The use of MESBICs for aiding minority en
12、trepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBICs.C After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate
13、.D Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.2.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBICs A seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.Encourage m
14、inority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.C Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.D Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.3.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be infer
15、red from the passage?A The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.C The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the r
16、ate that actually resulted.D Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.4.The author refers to the financial and operating problems encountered by MESBICs primarily in order toA broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerat
17、ions of funding MESBICs through sponsoring companies.call attention to the fact that MESBICs must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.C show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBICs.D Compare
18、SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described asA disappointing.Indifferent.C Shocked.D Defensive.Vocabulary1.implement 执行，履行2.growth-oriente
19、d 增长潜力的，有发展性的3.intermediary company 中介公司，中间公司4.venture capital 风险资本5.entrepreneur 企业家，创业者6.fluctuation 波动，涨落，起伏7.pragmatically 实用地难句译注1. Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economys total receipts.【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少
20、数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2。2. Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。3. By making us
21、e of government-sponsored venture capital.利用政府资助的风险资本。4. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。5. MESBIC minority enterpri
22、se small business investment company 少数民族小型企业投资公司。6. MESBICs are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to deve
23、lop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.【参考译文】MESBIC的建立基于这种信念：为已建公司提供方便，使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础。7. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the social responsibility a
24、pproach and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.【参考译文】后者高级经理们在有大多数情况下，仍然常常从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，因此，他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性，而不太引人注目的项目。写作方法与文章大意 文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法。先点出SBA计划联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助（）的失败及其原因。 为此，联邦决策者改变方法，通过中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它来帮助少数民
25、族企业使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金，甚至潜在的市场取得了成功。 可内部存在问题，MESBIC的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧，职工的投资观点更切实际，而领导者仍从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，若不改变，有可能重蹈SBA之覆辙。答案详解1. A 运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一开始就点名SBA（小型企业管理局）向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款，政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助，结果令人失望。组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多。其他见难句译注1、2、3。总之在MESBIC支持下：为它的潜在市场提供
26、大量资金等，使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多，从而带来足够的收入和保持所需的管理质量。这一切都说明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。B.MESBIC中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧。C.经历了早期管理和市场问题后，少数民族企业已开始稳步发展。D.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几个成功的联邦计划可依靠。2. D 依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资。见第二段第二句：大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了“少数民族小型企业投资公司”（MESBIC）A.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同。B.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业
27、提供市场。C.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率。3. C 预期加入SBA项目中的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多。文内没有直接点出，而是从（见第一题注释）SBA帮助的企业失败率很高令人失望，从而推断C项结论。A.给企业贷款最高期限为15年。B.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要。D.鼓励接受贷款企业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区。4. B 为的是引人注意这一实际情况：MESBIC必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转。这在第三段最后一句：在经历了早期财政和运行问题后，赞助公司给MESBIC注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额，以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量。MESBIC现在正成为日益
28、重要的少数民族企业的资金来源。这说明没有足够的资金是难以有效运转的。A.扩大讨论范围以包括通过赞助公司投资MESBIC的合理性。C.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的MESBIC只投资50万政府资助的风险资本。D.对比SBA和MESBIC最低投资限额。5. A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的职工一般是拉美和黑人专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比MEBSIC的领导者更切实际。这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题，会选择更具风险性，不太吸引人的项目。观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安，他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。者充分说明MEBSIC的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望。B.漠不
29、关心。C.震惊。D.持保留态度。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013南京市二模，A)Dear Sir，I was surprised to read your recent editorial on the question of students parttime jobs. You appear to be making lots of general comments on the basis of just one unfortunate case (I assure you that not all young people who de
30、liver newspapers are as foolish and dishonest as the two youths mentioned in your article, and one singlecase is not strong enough in supporting a point as evidence. I think you wouldnt disagree with me at this point)The first point I would like to make is that there are many jobs teenagers can do w
31、hich give them useful experience of the working world. They are brought into contact with a variety of people, often older, and are given experience of expressing themselves clearly and logically. Every young man will eventually be involved in social net work, and we cant expect them to act as a mat
32、ure adult once they step out of school. I am thinking here of jobs such as travel guides and shop assistants. Parttime jobs are actually a kind of guiding that young people need before they play their role in real career.Another argument for school children and college students having holiday or wee
33、kend jobs is that many parents need the financial assistance. If we take, for example, a family in which the father is unemployed or perhaps a singleparent family on a low income, it seems logical and fair that a son or daughter should try to bring money into the household. And I think its also an e
34、ducation to young people what family responsibility is and what one should do in terms of showing their care and love.One further thing I want to say is that a lot of jobs for the young can be fun for the people who do them and also useful to the community. Youngsters who help in schools, hospitals
35、and with the elderly often gain a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction as well as contributing something valuable to local society. And the experience will make young people feel their value in our society so that they will be more eager to learn and more willing to offer their help.In conclusion
36、, I would add that when I was a girl, my father said my teens were a time for books, hobbies and academic studies. Thinking back, I feel I would have learnt much moreabout myself, other people and life in generalif he had allowed me to do a limited amount of real work. Certainly, when she is old eno
37、ugh, I shall encourage my own daughter to do so, rather than waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today. I dont mean having fun is a waste of time. I just want to point out that fun and parttime jobs could be balanced.Yours faithfully，Margaret William
38、s文章大意：本文是写给报社编辑的一封信。在信中，作者表达了对该社最近发表的关于“青少年不应该做兼职工作(打零工)”这篇文章的反对，并给出了自己的理由和见解。1Which of the following is true according to the letter?AParttime jobs help teenagers develop social skills.BAll young people doing parttime jobs are intelligent and honest.CChildren in singleparent families should not do
39、part time jobs.DThe writer did parttime jobs when she was at school.答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，A项“打零工能够帮助孩子培养社会技能”表述正确。B项在文中没有涉及；根据第三段第二句可知，C项错误；根据最后一段第二句可知，D项错误。故答案选A。2What does the writer think many of the young people are doing now?ATaking some parttime jobs to help their family.BDoing their academic
40、learning heart and soul.CWasting time with soap operas and computer games or discos.DDoing community services by helping the old or the sick in hospitals.答案：C细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三句中的“waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today”可知，作者认为现在很多孩子都将时间浪费在看肥皂剧、玩游戏或去
41、迪厅等娱乐上面了。故答案选C。3What can we learn from the letter?AThe writer of the letter is doing some parttime jobs.BAn article against teenagers doing parttime jobs was published.CTeenagers of the time are not doing the right thing.DThe writer of the letter is a teenager from a singleparent family.答案：B推理判断题。根据
42、文章第一段可知，社论中就两个年轻人在送报纸的兼职工作中的不诚实行为做了很多评论，不赞成年轻人做兼职工作，故可推断出报社刊登的文章应是一篇“反对青少年做兼职工作”的文章。故答案选B。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013合肥市二模，C)Traditional businessmen feel worried that growing ecommerce will reduce their share of the market.According to a survey, 90% of some peoples purchases are made o
43、n the computer. As they find that by being able to go online and choose the things that they need to choose, and have them delivered right to their doorsteps, they could no longer be bothered with driving, the crowds, the noise of that, and they usually get a better selection.Cornell University Mark
44、eting Professor, MeLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing, which customers may want to see and try on before purchasing, as well as items that are difficult to ship. He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services that set
45、up or repair computers and electronics.Traditional stores also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy. There is still a lot of emotion in the buying decision that takes place. Oftentimes, you need that last sense of “this is exactly what I want” before you part with money. And you cant a
46、lways get that online. Its a rather cold process.As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones, online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries.文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。越来越流行的网购严重冲击着传统商业市场，那么传统商业怎么能够留住顾客呢？对此本文专家给出了几点建议。4Traditional businessmen f
47、eel upset because _.Aconsumers can get a better selection by shopping onlineBmore and more people purchase things on the computerCpeople like to have their goods delivered to their houseDgrowing online sales will cut their share of the market答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Traditional businessmen feel worried tha
48、t growing ecommerce will reduce their share of the market.”可知，答案D符合文义。5According to McLaughlin, some traditional stores are keeping customers by _.Aproviding customers with extra servicesBinviting customers to try on clothingCdelivering goods to each doorstepDrepairing computers and electronics only
49、答案：A细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后一句“He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services that set up or repair computers and electronics.”可以推知，答案A“给顾客提供额外的服务”符合文义。6From the 4th paragraph, we know that _.Aonline shoppers tend to be cold to each otherBthe process of shopping online is full of
50、emotionCsome shoppers like the social climate in traditional storesDmaking buying decisions in traditional shops is difficult答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“Traditional stores also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy.”可知，答案C符合文义。7What is the authors attitude towards the future online commerce?ADoubtful. BOptimistic. CSympathetic. DConcerned.答案：B作者态度题。根据文章最后一段“As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones, online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries.”可知，作者对网上购物持乐观态度，故答案B符合文义。
