1、UNIT 6 Ear th first Section B Using language 核心词汇 词汇一 devote v.致力，献身，倾注 教材原句 Now，she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.现在，她是一名致力于海洋保护的模特和行为艺术家。要点必记（1）devote oneself to=be devoted to 献身于，致力于 devote ones life/time/energy/attention to 把某人的生命/时间/精力/注意力奉献于 （2）be devoted to s
2、b.深爱某人be devoted to（doing）sth.致力于（做）某事 单词积累 devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的；致力于的devotion n.挚爱；奉献题组练领悟方法 单句语法填空（1）Qian Xuesen devoted himself entirely science.（2）As we all know，he is a generous，（devote），reliable and warm-hearted friend.（3）Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to （set）up some schools for
3、poor children.（4）A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to （help）others.（5）Fans will show their （devote）by waiting for hours to get tickets for their favourite singers concert.单句写作（6）You will never achieve success unless you （致力于）your work.（7）He was determined to _ _ _ _ _ _ _（将自己的余生献给）f
4、olk music.to devoted setting helping devotion are devoted to devote the rest of his life to devote yourself to 词汇二 presentation n.报告，（观点的）陈述，说明；表演；展示；颁发 教材原句.Hannah travels the world giving presentations and talks.汉娜周游世界作报告和演讲 要点必记（1）make/give a short presentation 作一个简短介绍 the presentation ceremony 颁
5、奖仪式（2）at present 目前，现在 be present at the meeting 出席会议 present sb.with sth.赠予某人某物 单词积累 present vt.提出；出现；介绍；赠送 adj.目前的；现在的；出席的 n.现在；礼物 误区警示 present adj.现在的，当前的（前置定语）present adj.出席的，到场的（后置定语）the present government leaders 现任政府领导人 the government leaders present 在场的政府领导人 单句语法填空（1）The （present）of prizes b
6、egan after the speeches.（2）The Mayor will make the （present）herself.（3）The Mayor will personally present the gold medal the winning athletes at the sports meeting.写出下列句中present 的含义（4）There were twenty people in all present at the meeting._（5）I will buy a present for my mothers birthday._（6）My presen
7、t job is to take care of the old in a nursery home._（7）All of them try to use the power of the workstation to present information in a more effective way._ （8）The headmaster presented her with a gold medal._ presentation presentation to 出席的，到场的 礼物 目前的，现在的 呈现 颁发 词汇三 reserve（1）n.（野生生物）保护区；储藏（量）（2）vt.预
8、订；预留；保留 教材原句 Hello from Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve（SNNR）.你好，这里是三江源国家自然保护区。要点必记（1）in reserve 储备，备用 keep some money in reserve 存钱备用 a nature reserve 自然保护区 a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区（2）reserve sth.for sb./sth.为预订/保留某物 reserve ones judgement/opinion（on sth.）保留某人（对某事）的看法 单句语法填空（1）A double room
9、 with a balcony has been reserved him.（2）“Its such a nice place.”Mother said as she sat at the table （reserve）for customers.单句写作（3）Keep a few pounds （备用）to cover unexpected costs.（4）Id prefer to （保留我的看法）until I find all the evidence.（5）These seats （为 保留）special guests.for reserved in reserve reserve
10、 my judgement are reserved for 词汇四 establish v.建立，设立 教材原句 Well，SNNR was established in 2000.嗯，三江源国家自然保护区建立于2000 年 要点必记 establish a city/an empire 建立一座城市/建立一个帝国 establish funds 设立基金 establish relations/links/contact（with sb.）（与）建立联系 establish whether/if.确定是否 词语辨析 establish，set up 与open （1）establish 与
11、 set up 均表示“建立，设立（公司、机构）”，set up 不如 establish 正式，是日常英语中的常用短语。（2）open 开设，开办（向公众提供服务的 企业，如商店、餐馆、酒店等）。单句语法填空（1）He （establish）a new research centre in Hefei last year.（2）Our goal is （establish）a new research centre in the North.单句写作（3）I wondered why he should bother to try and （和取得联系）me.（4）Our goal is t
12、o （成立分部）in Zhengzhou.（5）I was never able to （确定是否）she was telling the truth.（6）It will be essential to （搞清楚如何）the money is being spent.establish contact with established to establish establish a new branch establish whether/if establish how 词汇五 damage v.&n.破损，损害，损伤 教材原句 In recent years，we have seen
13、large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity.近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。要点必记 do/cause damage to.对造成损害 cause serious damage to the environment 对环境造成严重的破坏 damage ones health 损害健康 词语辨析 damage，destroy 与ruin damage 部分性“破坏”“损坏”，一般还可修复。destroy 彻底地“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。ruin 严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。单句写作（1）
14、The old farmer was very upset because the strong winds _ _ _ _（给带来很大损害）his wheat.（2）Smoking can _ _ _（损害你的健康）.辨析填空（damage/ruin/destroy）（3）You have my bike；youd better get it repaired.（4）My car was in an accident，and I have to buy a new one.（5）To our disappointment，the bad weather our trip.（6）The acc
15、ident caused some to my car，but its nothing serious.caused great damage to damage your health damaged destroyed ruined damage 词汇六 flood（1）n.洪水，水灾；大量 （2）v.淹没；泛滥；（感觉或回忆）涌上心头 教材原句 Weve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes，which affect the water supply downstream.我们还看到了由这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这些变
16、化影响了下游的供水。要点必记（1）cause floods引发水灾a flood of 大量的 be in flood（河水）上涨，泛滥flood water 洪水 in floods of tears 泪如雨下the flooded areas 水灾地区（2）be flooded with大量收到 flood in 大量涌入（不及物）flood into 大量涌入（及物）flood back（感觉或回忆）涌上心头，突然涌现 单句语法填空（1）Telephone calls came flooding from the local inhabitants.（2）When I saw the p
17、hotos，memories of my time in Paris （flood）back.（3）Large quantities of food are needed in the （flood）areas now.单句写作（4）The charity received （大量的）thankful telegrams and letters.（5）Requests for information （涌入）after the advertisement.（6）Seeing what the homeless were experiencing，memories of her childhoo
18、d came _ _（涌上心头）.in flooded flooded a flood of flooded in flooding back 词汇七 affect v.影响；使感染；感动 要点必记（1）affect our lives 影响我们的生活the areas affected by the hurricane 受飓风影响的地区 be deeply affected by 被深深打动（2）have a great effect on 对有重大影响 in effect 在实施中，有效take effect 生效，起作用 单词积累 effect n.影响，效果，作用effective a
19、dj.有效的，生效的greenhouse effect 温室效应 词语辨析affect，effect 与 influence affect vt.指一时的影响，强调影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响，也可指不良影响。effect n.某种行为产生某种特殊的后果。influence n.&vt.表示“影响”，主要指对其他人的行为、性格、观点等产生潜移默化的影响。单句语法填空（1）Babies health is much more likely （affect）if either parent smokes.（2）The tornado（龙卷风）happened in 1925，（affect）th
20、ree US states.（3）With the governments aid（援助），those （affect）by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.（4）Too much smoking and drinking affected him greatly，which meant bad living habits had an effect his health.（5）（affect）by the rise of house prices，people in big cities live under great pr
21、essure.to be affected affecting affected on Affected 辨析填空（affect/effect/influence）（6）Alcohol can your attention and it also has a bad on your liver.（7）The change in climate may your health.（8）We became the best friends and he me deeply.（9）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of
22、those whose lives were .affect effect affect influenced affected 词汇八 supply（1）n.煤气、电力、自来水等供应（系统）；pl.补给品；供应（量）；补给（2）vt.供应；供给 要点必记food/water/gas/electricity supply 食物/水/煤气/电供应supply and demand 供求关系a supply of 一批；许多supply sb./sth.with sth.=supply sth.to sb./sth.为某人/某物提供某物词语辨析supply，provide 与offer suppl
23、y 尤指大量供应、供给。provide 强调提供所需之物。provide sb.with sth.provide sth.for sb.offer 强调主动提供。offer sb.sth.offer sth.to sb.单句语法填空（1）They will supply us technology in support without asking for anything in return.（2）This book will supply some scientific methods us in English learning.（3）Our school library can pro
24、vide all kinds of good books students.（4）Finally，the manager offered a good job me.单句写作（5）We （提供给无家可归的人）food and clothes.（6）This （给我提供了一个机会）to show my appreciation to my headmistress.with to for to provide/supply the homeless with offered me a chance 词汇九 adopt v.采取（某种方法）；承袭（风俗）；收养，领养 教材原句 This inclu
25、des keeping the original environment from being touched，as well as adopting new，sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.这包括保持原始环境不被破坏，以及采用新的、可持续的方式喂养农场动物。要点必记（1）adopt a new technique 采用一项新技术 adopt an approach/policy/attitude 采取一种方法/政策/态度 adopt a suggestion 采纳一个建议adopt a child 收养一个孩子（2）adapt/adjust
26、to 适应be adapted from 改编自 be adapted for 改编成 单词积累 adopted adj.收养的，领养的adoption n.收养；采纳 adapt vt.适应；改编adjust v.适应；调整 单句语法填空（1）Becoming a member of the society means （adopt）its values.（2）The woman said that her two children were both （adopt）.（3）For many childless couples，（adopt）is the best solution.（4）I
27、n the past，they were too poor and had to have their daughter （adopt）.辨析填空（adopt/adapt/adjust）（5）It turned out that his son treated them as if they were his own parents.（6）It took him quite a lot time to to the life here.（7）The film is from a novel of Mo Yan.（8）All three teams different ways to solve
28、 the problem.（9）The height of the chair can be .adopting adopted adoption adopted adopted adapt/adjust adapted adopted adjusted 词汇十 reduce v.减少，降低 教材原句 Reduce waste by choosing reusable products.通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费 要点必记 reduce speed 减速reduce costs 降低成本reduce expenses 缩减费用 reduce.by.减少了（by 表示减少的幅度）redu
29、ce.to.减少到（to 表示减少的结果）reduce sb.to tears/silence 使某人流泪/沉默 reduce sth.to ashes/ruins 使某物（尤指建筑物）化为灰烬/夷为废墟 be reduced to（doing）sth.沦落到地步 归纳拓展 rise/increase to 增加到 rise/increase by 增加了 单句语法填空（1）She reduced her weight 6 kilos.That is to say，she reduced her weight from 68 kilos 62 kilos.（2）His speech reduc
30、ed all the audience present tears.（3）Unluckily，a big fire reduced the landmark ruins.（4）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and （reduce）to ruins，the city took on a new look.单句写作（5）Representatives of the two sides signed an agreement to （减少税收）.（6）2015 浙江卷One of the most effective ways t
31、o （减轻压力）is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.（7）All the shirts （被降到）10 dollars.（8）The price （降低了）20%since May.by to to to being reduced reduce taxes reduce stress are reduced to has been reduced by 词汇十一 instead of 代替；而不是 教材原句 Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a car.步行或骑自行车而不是开车。词语辨析
32、instead of 与 instead instead of 短语介词，“代替，而不是”，后跟名词/代词/动名词/介词短语等。instead 副词，“（不是）而是/反而”，可单独使用。You probably picked up my keys instead of yours.你可能没拿你的钥匙而是拿了我的。If Joe cant attend the meeting，I could go instead.如果乔不能去开会，我可以代替他去。单句语法填空（1）Instead focusing on your weaknesses，focus on your strengths.（2）Inst
33、ead of （buy）them in the shops，she prefers making her own clothes.（3）Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he did something instead of just （talk）.同义句转换（4）The salesman didnt give me a Chinese book.Instead，he gave me an English book.=The salesman gave me an English book a Chinese book.of buying ta
34、lking instead of 词汇十二 release v.&n.释放，排放；发布；发行 教材原句 The less energy you use，the less carbon dioxide is released.你使用的能源越少，释放的二氧化碳就越少。要点必记 release sb.（from）（从）释放某人 be released into the wild 被放回野生环境中 release heat 释放热量 单句语法填空（1）Police arrested several men，who were later （release）.（2）Firefighters took tw
35、o hours to release the driver the wreckage（残骸）.（3）The court found him innocent and he （release）.released from was released 词汇十三 severe adj.（问题、伤势、疾病等）很严重的 教材原句 Smog can be dangerous because it causes severe breathing problems and infections.雾霾很危险，因为它会导致严重的呼吸问题和感染。要点必记 severe injury 重伤severe pollutio
36、n 严重的污染 a severe winter 严冬be severe on/with sb.对某人很严厉 单词积累 severely adv.严重地 单句语法填空（1）Motorists should be punished （severe）for dangerous driving.（2）The courts are becoming more severe young offenders（犯罪者）.单句写作（3）他得了重病。_（4）我将会继续对自己严格要求，请相信我吧！I will .Please just believe me.severely on He had a severe i
37、llness.be severe on myself 词汇十四 permission n.允许，许可 教材原句 A polite interruption is usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone,often starting with If.,May I.?礼貌的打断通常被理解为请求允许打断某人，通常以If.，May I.开始。要点必记（1）have permission to do sth.获得许可做某事 get permission(from sb.)得到（某人的）许可 ask for permi
38、ssion 请求许可gain permission to do.获得做的许可 with ones permission/with the permission of sb.在某人的许可/准许下 without permission 未经许可（2）permit doing sth.允许做某事permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 weather permitting 如果天气允许if time permits 如果时间允许 单词积累 permit v.许可，允许；（使）成为可能 n.C 许可证；执照 单句写作（1）In our school，no student can go o
39、ut of the classroom （未经许可）.（2）Mary is （请求她母亲的许可）to marry Tom，saying he is a responsible young man.单句语法填空（3）If you think that treating a woman well means always getting her （permit）for things，think again.（4）We do not permit （smoke）in the office.（5）It was announced that only when the fire was under co
40、ntrol would the residents _（permit）to return to their homes.（6）Well have a picnic at the beach，weather （permit）.（7）As a punishment，she was not permitted （attend）any school activities.（8）Ill see you after the meeting，if time （permit）.（9）2017浙江卷She had asked the government for （permit）to move the book
41、s to a safe place，but they refused.without permission asking for her mothers permission permission smoking be permitted permitting to attend permits permission 重点句式 句式一 the+比较级.，the+比较级.“越，就越”教材原句The less energy you use，the less carbon dioxide is released.你使用的能源越少，释放的二氧化碳就越少。要点必记“the+比较级（+主谓），the+比较
42、级（+主谓）”表示“越，就越”。前者表示条件，后者表示结果。归纳拓展越来越 比较级+and+比较级stronger and stronger 越来越强大more and more+多音节形容词原级more and more important 越来越重要 单句语法填空（1）The more，the （good）.（2）The （hard）you study，the more progress youll make.单句写作（3）你练习得越多，理解得就越透彻。you practise，you can understand.（4）随着中国经济的快速发展，中国在国际舞台上的地位变得越来越重要了。Wi
43、th the rapid economic development，Chinas position on the international stage is getting .better harder The more the better more and more important 单元语法 现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语 要点一 现在分词作宾语补足语 宾语与宾补是主动关系。其主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语：（1）位于感官动词后：如 see，hear，feel，smell，watch，catch（当场发现），find，listen to，look at，notice，observ
44、e 等。注意：感官动词see，hear，watch，observe 等后跟doing 作宾补，表示动作正在进行；后跟do 作宾补，表示动作的全过程。（2）位于使役动词后：如set，keep，have，get，leave 等。学法点拨 在有些动词（短语），如regard，describe，accept，think of，look on 等之后，可由as 引出动词-ing 形式作宾补。单句语法填空（1）When I was on my way to school this morning，I saw two women （argue）.（2）He was just about to sit dow
45、n when he felt something （move）near his feet.（3）On the bank of the river，we found him （lie）on a bench，with his eyes _（fix）on a kite in the sky.（4）I stood on the bridge and watched boats （pass）by.（5）They use computers to keep the traffic （run）smoothly.（6）The young man was caught （steal）a car.（7）Liste
46、ning to music at home is one thing，going to hear it （perform）live is quite another thing.（8）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found （smoke）in the kitchen.（9）When I came in，I saw Linda （whisper）to Danny.arguing moving lying fixed passing running stealing being performed smoking whispering 要点二
47、 过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两类：一类是感官动词，另一类是使役动词。在高中阶段学习的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种：（1）用于表示某种状态的动词 keep，leave 等的宾语的后面（2）“have/get+宾语+过去分词”表示“让别人做某事”或“遭遇某种不幸”。（3）在“make+宾语+过去分词”结构中 过去分词表示结果。（4）常用在感官动词 watch，see，hear，notice，feel 等的后面作宾语补足语；此外，find 也有此用法。（
48、5）用在 want，wish，like，expect，order 等表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词的后面作宾语补足语。（6）在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。误区警示 现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语的判断标准：（1）用哪种形式 根据宾语和宾补之间的关系来确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。主动关系现在分词 被动关系过去分词（2）感官动词后的宾补 感官动词hear，see，notice，feel 等既可以接分词也可以接省略to 的动词不定式作宾补。现在分词主动、进行的动作 过去分词被动、完成的动作 动词不定式动作的全过程 单句语法填空（1）He is very
49、 popular among his students as he always tries to make them （interest）in his lectures.（2）When we saw the road （block）with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.（3）The judges gave no hint of what they thought，so I left the room really （worry）.（4）Before driving into the city，you are required to
50、 get your car （wash）.（5）Even the best writers sometimes find themselves （lose）for words.（6）Now that weve discussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions _（take）?（7）I heard them （sing）in the room when I passed by.（8）His parents saw him （award）the winners medal.interested blocked worried was
51、hed lost taken singing awarded 单句写作（9）他们把门锁了好长一段时间。They for a long time.（10）不要让窗户像这样一直破着。Dont like this all the time.（11）我昨天让人修了我的自行车。I yesterday.（12）玛丽的手表在前几天被人偷了。Mary the other day.（13）我提高了声音以便让别人听到我的话。I raised my voice to .（14）当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。When we got to school，we .（15）小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在背后。The thief was brought in，.kept the door locked leave the windows broken had my bike repaired had her watch stolen make myself heard saw the door locked with his hands tied behind his back