1、1determine vt. 确定；决心；支配 vi.决心 determination n. 决定，决心2describe vt. 描述，描写 description n. 描述，说明，形容3reflect vt.&vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 reflection n. 反映；映射；沉思4significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的 significantly adv. 有重大意义地；显著地；明显地5devote vt.致力，专心，献身devotion n挚爱；奉献；专心6contain vt.包含，含有，容纳container n容器；集装箱1ap
2、peal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁The prospect of living in a city holds little appeal for me. 吸引力The childs mother made an emotional appeal on TV for his return.呼吁，恳请The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.有吸引力2reflect vt.&vi. 反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思She could see herself reflected i
3、n his eyes. 反映，映出(影像)The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 反射(声、光、热等)On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well. 沉思3contain vt. 容纳，包含，含有；抑制；克制I received a letter containing some important information about the project. 包含Warm air can contain more water vapor than co
4、ld air.容纳Hearing the amusing story, John couldnt contain his amusement any more. 抑制；克制Words and Phrases知识要点1devote oneself to.献身，致力，专心(教材P43).whatever I have devoted myself to，I have devoted myself to completely.凡是我要投入做的事，我都全身心投入了例Devoting herself to the research，the woman has little time to go home
5、.由于致力于研究工作，这位妇女几乎没有时间回家。归纳拓展(1)devote.to (doing).把用在/献给(做)某事上be devoted to致力于，献身于；忠诚于(2)devotion n.奉献即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping (help) others rebuild homes.She got the prize for her devotion (devote) to the poor children.I have personally been devoted (devote) to th
6、is cause for many years. The professor devoted all his life to researching the treatment of AIDS. 这位教授毕生致力于研究艾滋病的治疗方法。知识要点2appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；(向某人)呼吁(教材P44)Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. 让一首小曲愉悦我们
7、的耳朵，让一部巨著触动我们的心灵，这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。例The government is appealing to everyone to save water.政府正在呼吁每个人节约用水。归纳拓展(1)appeal to sb. for sth.为某事向某人呼吁或请求appeal to sb. to do sth.恳求/呼吁某人做某事appeal for恳求；呼吁(2)make an appeal to sb. for sth.为某事向某人呼吁或请求make an appeal to sb. to do sth.恳求/呼吁某人做某事(3)appeali
8、ng adj.有吸引力的，有感染力的即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.The Prime Minister appealed to young people to use (use) their vote.While this sounds highly appealing(appeal)，it does not work.The police made an appeal to/appealed to the public to remain calm.警方呼吁公众保
9、持镇静。知识要点3(教材P44)The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities.第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。(1)determine vt. 确定；决心；支配 vi.决心例We set out to determine exactly what happened that night. 我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。归纳拓展(1)determine to do sth.决定做(表示动作)(2)determined adj.坚决的，决定了的be determined to do sth.决心做(表示状态)(
10、3)determination n.决心with determination坚决地，果断地即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子From his determined (determine) look, we can know his confidence.There were many diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit (visit) all of them. Chinese players have the determination (determine)to win more gold medals in th
11、e next Olympic Games.No matter what happens，she has determined to/has been determined to tell the truth无论发生什么事，她都已经决定把真相说出来。小片段填空He is well known as a determined (determine) man because he always fights his illness with determination (determine). I determined to learn (learn) from him. In other word
12、s, I was determined (determine) to become a strongminded girl as well. (2)significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的例There are no significant differences between the two groups of students. 这两组学生没有明显差别。归纳拓展(1)It is significant that .很明显(2)significance n.意义，意思，重要性be of significance to .对有重要意义attach significance to
13、.认为重要(to为介词)be of no significance无意义；无关紧要be of great significance be very significant非常重要；有重大意义的(3)significantly adv.显著地；重大地即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance to the students growth.As time goes by, I attach greater significance (significant) to doing what I a
14、m doing now. The two sets of figures are not significantly (significant) different.As a matter of fact，his advice is of great significance to/very significant to the beginners.事实上，他的建议对初学者非常重要。知识要点4(教材P45)Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attentio
15、n，just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。(1)sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的，体贴的，敏感的，灵敏的例The classroom teacher must be sensitive to a childs needs. 课堂教师必须理解孩子的需求。归纳拓展(1)be sensitive to .对敏感be sensitive about.神经过敏的，易生气的(2)sensible adj.明智的，意识到的be
16、 sensible of意识到，认识到 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I am not in favor of her. She is too sensitive to what people think of her.I think the sensible (sense) thing would be to take a taxi home.The Stock Exchange is very sensitive(sense) to political change.She is very sensitive to other peoples feelings. 她很能体谅他人的感情。(2
17、)reflect vt.& vi.反映，显示；映出(影像)；反射(声、光、热等)；沉思 例A newspaper report seems to reflect the view of most members of Congress. 报纸的一篇报导似乎反映了国会多数议员的观点。归纳拓展(1)reflect . in .在中映出的影像be reflected in倒映在；反映在reflect on/upon sth.反省/认真思考某事(2)reflection n.反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思on reflection再三考虑即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子English writing is
18、 the reflection (reflect) of students English level.She could see her face reflected(reflect) in the cars windshield.On reflection (reflect)，we decided to buy that house.I reflect on/upon myself well, trying to find my own shortcomings.我好好地反省了自己，努力寻找自己自身的不足。知识要点5capable adj. 有能力，有才能，能力强的(教材P45)One w
19、ho reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before. 读到这句诗的人可以发现曾视而不见的美。例The kitchen is capable of catering for several hundred people. 这间厨房可为数百人提供饮食。归纳拓展(1)be capable of.有能力(2)capability n.才能，能力；容量(3)“能够做某事”的表达：be capable of doing sth.(人或物)能够做某事be able to do sth.(人)能够做某
20、事enable sb. to do sth.能使人做某事即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子People experience differences in physical and mental capability (capable) depending on the time of day. Every student in the class is capable of passing (pass) the exam. His failure in this exam will enable(able) him to study hard.Im perfectly capable of do
21、ing/able to do it myself, thank you. 谢谢你，我完全有能力自己做。知识要点6contain vt.包含，含有，容纳；容忍；克制(强烈的感情等)(教材P45)To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style.要做到这一点，它应该包含两个要素：普遍兴趣和个人风格。例The stadium is large enough to contain 10，000 audience.这个体育场足够大，能容纳1万名观众。归纳拓展contain ones
22、elf克制自己；自制container n.容器明辨异同contain, includecontain通常用来指某容器中盛有某物、装有某物；还可指某种物质中含有某种成分或含有其他物质，指作为组成部分而被包含或容纳在内include通常表示把某事物作为其中的一部分包含在内，在句中常构成分词短语sth.included或including sth. 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子She could hardly contain herself(her) when she saw him arrive.At weekends，I have to prepare food for seven peop
23、le including (include) me.I dont know how much oil is in this old container (contain)He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself他太激动了，以至于无法控制自己。小片段填空The box contains (contain) a number of letters, including (include) those from her admirers and of course his letters included (include) as
24、well. Seeing the container (contain), I cant contain myself any more. Sentence Patterns重点句式1be doing . when .句式(教材P44)A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear.一个孩子和一个男子正在海滩上散步，这时孩子突然发现了一个贝壳，便把它拿起来放在耳边。句式分析：be doing . when .“(某人)正在做这时(突然)”，when 为
25、并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and at this/that time。例1Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。例2One day，the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起了大雨。归纳拓展be about to do . when . 正要做这时(突然)be on the p
26、oint of doing . when .正要做这时(突然)had just done . when .刚做完这时(突然)即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I was about to give (give) up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.She was on the point of opening (open) the window when someone knocked at the door.I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang. I was sitting
27、 in the waiting room when a young man entered.我正在候诊室里面坐着，这时一个年轻人走了进来。重点句式2“介词短语动词主语”完全倒装句式(教材P44)Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments. 每一本书的背后都是人，人的背后是种族，种族的背后是自然和社会环境。句式分析：此句为完全倒装句。表示处所、方位的介词短语置于句首，句子使用完全倒装句：介词短语(表语)连系动词
28、主语。本句正常语序是“A man is behind every book, the race is behind the man, and the natural and social environments are behind the race.”。例1In front of our house lies a river where we used to swim.我们家前面有一条河，过去我们常常在那儿游泳。例2Near the city was a volcano.离该城不远处有一座火山。归纳拓展完全倒装用法总结如下：(1)表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形
29、式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。(2)副词away, down, up, in, off, out, over, round 等位于句首时，其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是表示动态的不及物动词。(3)状语或表语置于句首时。为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。(4)非谓语动词类。有时为了强调，可将非谓语动词置于句首，从而构成倒装。(5)there be句型。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, rema
30、in, happen等。句型结构为“there存在类动词主语”。名师点津here，there引起的完全倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语为代词，则只能部分倒装。如：Here it comes.它来了。Here you are.给你。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Between you and your dreams stands (stand) a lot of hard work.Present at the evening party were (be) our English teachers yesterday. Nowadays there lives (live) a famous d
31、octor named Zhong Nanshan in China.Standing beside the table was his wife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。重点句式3关系副词where引导的定语从句(教材P44)In a word, we have now reached a point where we wish to enjoy and understand literature. 总之，我们现在已经到了希望了解并欣赏文学的地步。句式分析：where we wish to enjoy and understand literature是定语从句，修饰先行词point。当poi
32、nt作先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句。例1At that time we had reached a point where we had more black readers than white ones.那时候我们已到了黑人读者比白人读者还要多的阶段。例2You reach a point where medicine cant help.你已经到了无药可救的地步。归纳拓展当先行词是stage, point, case, situation, position, job, business, scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺状语时，常用关系
33、副词where引导定语从句。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. Can you think of a case in which the word is properly used?After graduation she reached a stage where she needed to decide what to do. We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改
34、的地步。1(教材P44)Then the man explained that the child heard nothing strange, and that the shell caught a range of sounds too faint for human ears. 分析此句为主从复合句。其中两个that引导的宾语从句，作动词explain的宾语。第一个that可以省略，但第二个that不能省略。译文随后男子解释说其实孩子听到的声音并没有什么奇怪的，只不过是贝壳捕捉到了各种对人的耳朵来说太微弱的声音而已。2(教材P44)What amazed the child was no
35、t a new world，but the unnoticed music of the old.分析本句的主语为what 引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语。not.but.意为“不是， 而是”。译文令孩子惊讶的不是一个新的世界，而是不为人注意的古老音乐。3(教材P45)Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.分析此句为主从复合句。其中un
36、til 引导时间状语从句；as 引导方式状语从句，翻译为“正如，如同一样”。译文有些真与美一直不为人所察觉，直到有一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意，这就正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。教材高考1.that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely(2020天津高考)Devotion requires enthusiasm.2.The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. (2020江苏高考) H
37、e proved that its not what happens to us that determines our livesits what we make of what happens. (2020江苏高考) But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.3.To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and per
38、sonal style. (2020江苏高考) When Wilson heated it, the container exploded, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes. .单句语法填空1Equipped with arms，the soldiers determined to fight (fight) against the terrorists.2The president was devoted to creating (create) a peaceful world.3Tony, you should reflect on/upon wh
39、at you did during your English class.4See how many minutes you devote to each type of media.5Young people are very sensitive (sense) about their appearance. 6I believe my son is capable of being admitted to Zhejiang University.7Determined (determine) to look after his parents well, he moved to live
40、with them.8During the discussion he draw upon/on historical evidence to support his point of view.9He appealed to voters to go to the polls(投票处) tomorrow. 10It is of great significance (significant) that he changed his will only days before his death.短语填空devote oneself to; in store for sb.; in summa
41、ry; draw on; be capable of; appeal to; take on; in the presence of; lie in; no doubt1He will appeal to the state for an extension of unemployment benefits. 2The machine is capable of being repaired.3In summary, this was a disappointing performance.4If she had known what lay in store for her, she wou
42、ld never have agreed to go. 5No other organization was able or willing to take on the job. 6If we devote ourselves to a task, we have every reason to do it well.7He drew on his experience as a monitor to communicate with all the teachers.8The document was signed in the presence of two witnesses.9No
43、doubt shell call us when she gets there. 10The problem lies in deciding when to leave for Shanghai.课文语法填空We can get a lot of benefits 1.from reading literature，as reading literature 2.creates(create) a world of dreams and magic for us.3.To enjoy(enjoy) and understand literature，we should know some o
44、f its 4.significant(significance) qualities.The first is its description of truth and beauty 5.which/that will remain unnoticed 6.unless some sensitive human souls bring them to our attention.The second quality is 7.its(it) appeal to our feelings and imagination.The third is its permanence，which contains two elements: universal interest and 8.personal(person) style.In summary，literature is the 9.expression(express) of life in forms of truth and beauty，the 10.written(write) record of mans thoughts and feelings，and the history of the human soul.
