1、必修|Unit 12Culture Shock(一)阅读词汇明其义、写其形第一组：明其义1soccer n_(英式)足球2flashlight n. 手电筒3canteen n. 食堂，餐厅4appetite n. 食欲，胃口5yummy adj. 美味的6erupt vi. 爆发，喷发7parcel n. 邮包，包裹 8earthquake n. 地震9literature n. 文学10welloff adj. 富有的第二组：写其形1absorb_ vt. 理解，掌握；吸收2bear_ vt. 携带；容忍3familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的4indicate_ vt. 表明；表示5
2、laughter n. 笑；笑声6exchange vt. 兑换，交换7request n. 请求8attach vt. 喜欢，依恋；系，固定9owe vt. 欠(情、债等)10modest adj. 谦虚的；适度的11aspect_ n. 方面12export vt. 出口，输出13whisper vi. 低语，耳语14custom_ n. 习俗，风俗15manners_ n. 礼貌16stare vi. 盯着看，凝视17outgoing adj. 友好的，乐于交友的18book_ vt. 预约，预订19belong vi. 适应；属于20forgive vt. 宽恕，饶恕(二)表达词汇晓其
3、变、通其用1addition n相加；增加物additional adj.补充的，额外的，附加的2apology n道歉，认错apologize v道歉，谢罪3expectation n期待的事物；预期expect vt.期待，预料；指望expected adj.预期的，预料的4majority n大半，大多数major adj.主要的 vi.主修(反义词)minority n少数；少数民族5reasonable adj.合理的，正当的reason n理由v.推论；劝说；理解reasonably adv.合理地；相当地6movement n动作；活动move v移动；感动movable adj
4、.可移动的moving adj.令人感动的7curiously adv.奇怪地；好奇地curious adj.好奇的curiosity n好奇心8informal adj.非正式的formal adj.正式的9injure vt.伤害injury n伤害，损害injured adj.受伤的10educator n教育者education n教育educated adj.有教养的educate vt.教育(三)常用短语多积累、准运用1get_used_to习惯于2give_._a_lift 让搭车，搭便车3see_.off 给(某人)送行4belong_to 属于5insist_on 坚持，坚决
5、要求6stare_at 盯着看；凝视7be_attached_to 附属于8in_poor_condition 状况不好9be_sensitive_to 对敏感10at_least 至少11contrary_to 与相反12put/bring_an_end_to 结束(四)经典句式明特点、会仿用1would rather do .“宁愿做”悟原句Id rather stay cosy and read my novel.背佳句So I would rather be scolded than cheat others.2.Would you mind doing .？你介意做吗？悟原句Woul
6、d you mind giving me and my schoolmate a lift to school？背佳句(2014天津高考满分作文)Secondly, would you mind eating noodles？3.“特殊疑问词不定式”结构悟原句Decide where to go on holiday with a friend.背佳句(2020全国卷满分作文)We learn a lot from him, not only the way to learn English but also how to be a good person.4.have a difficult
7、 time (in) doing sth.“有一段较为困难的时光”悟原句When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.背佳句I have a difficult time (in) adjusting to the learning environment when first entering the new school.5.the last time“上次”，用作连词引导时间状语从
8、句悟原句I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.背佳句(2016全国卷满分作文)I still remember you showed me some photos on environmental protection the last time you visited our school.1.“able”后缀形容词荟萃reasonable 合理的，正当的adjustable 可调节的fashionable 时尚的；时髦的reliable 可信赖的；可靠的sociable 随和的，好交际的adaptable 适合的；
9、能适应的2.“伤害”动词小聚injure伤害wound 伤害hurt 受伤damage 损害harm 伤害destroy 破坏3.“动词on”短语荟萃insist on坚持depend on 依靠；依赖put on 穿上feed on 以为生take on 承担carry on 继续；进行4.聚焦“看”相关短语stare at盯着看；凝视glare at 怒视look down 俯视；向下看look around 环顾；四下查看look up仰望；抬头往上看look at 查看.用所给词的适当形式填空1His generous donation filled our need for addi
10、tional funds, and in addition,_it encouraged more and more people to give a hand.(addition)2His explanation was not reasonable,_so all of us didnt accept his reason for being absent. He should apologize to us reasonably.(reason)3He expected that everyone would burst out laughing when he finished his
11、 joke, but beyond his expectation nobody laughed.(expect)4The boy is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)5The majority are/is in favour of banning smoking and the majority of their advice is helpful to us.(be)6Two thousand studen
12、ts were educated by the famous educator,_many of whom received further education later.(educate) 7Children in the boarding school now get used to_getting (get) up early every day.8In the terrible crash of school bus, many children were injured,_and even some suffered severe injuries to the head and
13、arms. The injured were rushed to the nearest hospital.(injure)9No wonder his wife complains about him.No one can bear him staying (stay) at home, doing nothing day after day.介、副词填空1The young man insisted on being sent to where he was most needed.2The fresh air belongs to us all equally; we should pr
14、otect it from being polluted.3Exchanging opinions with_each other on the schedule, we finally reached an agreement.4Contrary to my expectation, he won the speech competition.5I made everything perfectly clear or at least I thought I did.6Dont be sensitive to what I said I wasnt criticizing you.7The
15、mother and children went to Swansea to see the father off.8This hospital, which is attached_to_the medical college, is very famous for its service.选词填空1glare at/glance at/stare atChildren should be taught not to stare_at the disabled people.The middleaged woman glanced_at her watch and hurried off.D
16、ont glare_at me like that, you deserved the scolding. 2be familiar with/be familiar toI wonder if you are_familiar_with the music.The music _is_familiar_to me, but I cant remember when and where I heard it.写出加黑部分在语境中的词性及含义1There is a lot of information to absorb all at once.v.理解，掌握2He owes it to his
17、 doctors care that he is quite well again. v归功于3I attach great importance to this research. v重视4You should bear an umbrella with you in case it will rain. v持有，携带5Here are some tips on how to make friends. n技巧；提示She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service.vt.付小费 .完成句子1Would_you_mind_l
18、ooking_after_my_baby_while Im away？(mind)我不在的时候，你介不介意照看一下我的小孩？2The_last_time_I_saw_him,_he was quite well.(the last time)我上一次看到他时，他还相当健康。3It_is_requested_that all the visitors not_take_pictures of the exhibitions.(request)据要求所有的参观者不得对展品进行拍照。4I really hope that you can give me some advice on how_to_m
19、emorize_new_words.(疑问词to do)我真的希望你能给我一些如何记忆新单词的建议。5I would_rather_stay_at_home and do some reading this evening. (would rather)今晚我宁愿待在家中读点书。6They may have_a_difficult_time_finding her replacement after she retires.(have a difficult time .)她退休后，他们也许得花些时间找到她的替代者。1owe vt.欠(情、债等)；归功于单句语法填空/句型转换These ear
20、ly settlers owed their survival_to hard work and determination to succeed.I owe it to you that I finished my work ahead of time.Owing to the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.The country owes foreign countries billions of dollars because of the financial crisis.The country ow
21、es_billions_of_dollars_to_foreign_countries because of the financial crisis.归纳法记牢owe sb.sth.owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物owe . to . 把归功于；归因于owing to 因为；由于owe it to sb. that . 多亏了某人名师指津如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。如句。2absorb vt.吸收；理解，掌握；使专心；使全神贯注单句语法填空/完成句子Most little shops have been
22、 absorbed by/into big businesses.He was absorbed in the books after borrowing them from a bookshop.Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while others are not.The first Chinese woman astronaut Liu Yang absorbed_the_whole_worlds_attention.第一位中国女宇航员刘洋吸引了全世界的注意力。归纳法记牢(1)absorb sb.s
23、 attention to (doing) sth.吸引某人对(做)某事的注意力 absorb . into . 把吸收到/并入(2)be absorbed by/into .被吞并；为所吸收be absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神贯注于/热衷于/一心从事某事联想发散 (1)表示“吸引某人注意(力)”的短语还有：draw/attract ones attentioncatch ones attention/eyes(2)表示“专心于”的短语还有：be lost/buried inbe devoted to3exchange vt.& n兑换，交换单句语法填空I will m
24、ake the best of the opportunity to exchange ideas with them.Ive offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a weeks accommodation.Ill type your report if youll babysit to make an exchange.If the courses dont meet your demands, you can easily exchange them for any other course that we provide.归纳法记牢(
25、1)exchange sth.for sth.以某物交换某物exchange sth.with sb. 与某人交换某物(2)make an exchange 交换in exchange for sth. 交换某物 4majority n大半，大多数 (1)a/the majority of的大多数in a/the majority 占大多数by/with a majority of 以多数票(2)minority n. 少数；少数民族in the minority 占少数演绎法练通单句语法填空/完成句子People who can speak English are in the majori
26、ty in this country.The majority of astronauts from America have_been (be)men in the last few years. The candidate was put in by/with a majority of one thousand.The white are_in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而原住民反而占少数。5request n& vt.请求；要求(1)make a reques
27、t for .请求/要求at sb.s requestat the request of sb.应某人的要求(2)request sb.(not) to do sth. 请求某人(不)做某事request sth.from/of sb. 向某人请求某物request (that) . 请求It is/was requested that . 据要求演绎法练通单句语法填空The show was repeated at the request of audience.The workers requested that their working conditions (should)_be_i
28、mproved (improve) further.You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.一句多译老板要求我们不要在办公室里吸烟。The_boss_requested_us_not_to_smoke_in_the_office.(request sb. not to do)The_boss_requested_that_we_(should)_not_smoke_in_the_office. (request that)It_was_req
29、uested_that_we_(should)_not_smoke_in_the_office. (It is/was requested that)名师指津在与request相关的名词性从句或“It is/was requested that .”句型中，从句谓语动词用“shoulddo”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。6familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的单句语法填空/完成句子Ive just come here. Im still not familiar with the work.Since Beijing is familiar to me, I can show visi
30、tors around the places of interest in Beijing.I was_so_familiar_with_him that I recognized his voice instantly I picked up the phone.我对他是如此熟悉以至于我一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。归纳法记牢sb.be familiar with sth.某人对某物熟悉sth.be familiar to sb. sth.be known to sb. 某物为某人所熟悉 7attach vt.系，固定；附上，贴上；喜欢，依恋(1)attach . to .把固定到/附/贴在上
31、attach importance/significance/value to 认为重要/有意义/有价值attach oneself to sb. 与某人在一起；缠着某人(2)attached adj. 依恋的；附加的(be) attached to 附属于；依恋演绎法练通单句语法填空/完成句子She has always been very much attached to her work.Father asked me to attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.A young man attached himself (he) to me
32、 at the party and I couldnt get rid of him.Dont attach_too_much_importance_to this report.不要过于看重这份报告。8bear vi.& vt.(bore, borne/born)容忍，忍受；承担(责任)；支撑；承受；生育；出生；结(果实)；携带辨析法理清辨清楚写出下列句中bear的含义She has borne a son and two daughters. 生育John was bitten by a dog, and he bears the scars to this day. 携带This bea
33、m bears the whole weight of the upper floor. 支撑I cant bear sharing the same room with him. 容忍，忍受It would be unfair for her to bear personally the great burden. 承担Some of the newlyplanted peach trees have also begun to bear.结(果实)理明白bear的相关用法归纳bear the blame/responsibility 受责备/承担责任cant bear doing/to d
34、o sth. 不能忍受做某事bear sb./sb.s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事bear sth.in mind 牢记某事bear (it) in mind that . 牢记针对训练单句语法填空I cant bear young people casting_(cast) away their youth.The speech was so boring that I couldnt bear listening/to_listen (listen) it any longer, so I left the room.完成句子Bear_it_in_mind and gradual
35、ly we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.记住它，逐渐地我们就能养成这个好的学习习惯并从中获益。You shouldnt have to bear_the_blame_for other peoples mistakes.你不必非得代人受过。名师指津(1)bear意为“忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can, could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中。(2)bear的过去式为bore，过去分词是borne和born，表示“出生/自”时，用born，并且仅用于被动语态；表示“生育”时用borne。1see . off 给(某人)送行
36、单句语法填空John is leaving for London tomorrow and Ill see him off at the airport.We must see to it that all jobs are finished before 5 oclock.Im so glad youve come here to see to the matter in person.You were very clever to see through him.He had deceived the rest of us.归纳法记牢see through .看透，识破；把做完see to
37、 sb./sth. 照料；注意；处理see to it that . 确保/保证 2get used to习惯于串联式巧记一语串起When he was young, he used to go there on foot.Now he has got used to going there by bike, though his bike is used to pick up his grandson sometimes.他年轻的时候常步行去那里。现在他习惯于骑自行车去那里，虽然有时候他的自行车被用来接孙子。用法释义(1)be/become/get used to (doing) sth.
38、be/become/get accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事(3)used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(暗示现在已经不做了)针对训练单句语法填空/完成句子He gets used to getting (get) up early now and he can enjoy the fresh air in the morning.Smartphones are used to_do (do) many things for people now.We used_to_sit_in_the_y
39、ard every evening, listening to stories told by my grandpa.过去我们常常每天晚上坐在院子里，听爷爷讲故事。 名师指津短语be/become/get used to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。如句。3“特殊疑问词不定式”结构Decide where_to_go_on_holiday with a friend.定好和朋友到哪儿去度假。用法规则(1)在“疑问词不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。(2)why后跟不定式时，省略不定式符号to。(3)whether后可接不定式，而if不可以。注意事项
40、“特殊疑问词不定式”结构在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。针对训练完成句子When_and_where_to_discuss the issue hasnt been decided yet.何时何地讨论这个问题还没有确定。Why_not_discover what you enjoy and do that?为什么不去发现你喜欢做的然后去做呢？The question many students are puzzled about is how_to_study_English_well.很多学生困惑的问题是怎样学好英语。 I dont know whether_to_accept_it_or_n
41、ot.我不知道是否接受它。4the last time引导时间状语从句I had a similar experience the_last_time I visited China.上次我到中国参观时也有同样的经历。the last time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, the day, the week, the month, the year, each/every/next/any/last time, immediately, instantly, directly, by th
42、e time, the first time等。针对训练完成句子I came to see you the instant I_heard_the_news.我一听到这个消息，就马上来看你了。The_last_time_I_saw_him he was in New York.我上次看见他时，他在纽约。The_first_time_I_interviewed_him,_he looked a bit nervous.我第一次采访他时，他看上去有点紧张。一、在考题集训中查验单元语基(一)高考中的语法填空1(2020全国卷)Filled with curiosity (curious), the
43、artist packed his bags and left.2(2020江苏高考)He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education (educate) at Worcester College for the Blind.3(2019全国卷)Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not j
44、ust consumers of fashion they are central to its movement (move)4(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is actually behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to_feed (feed) chickens, pigs, and cattle. 5(2017全国卷)I dont want to get too absorbed (absorb) in modeling.It is certainly fun but the lifest
45、yle is a little unreal.6(2016天津高考)I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I would_have_been_injured (injure)(二)高考中的阅读理解 熟词生义(2020全国卷)Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is ecofriendly. 使贴在(2019江苏高考)As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he real
46、ized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park 2.2 million acres was caldera. _发现词类活用(2019全国卷)This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse (长曲棍球) club. n.请求生词僻义(2019江苏高考)Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the
47、classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma (岩浆) piles up. 爆发；喷发(三)高考中的完形填空1(2020全国卷)What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会) of some sort, and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just _56_
48、 it and wonder, “What if it isnt a door？” That is, “What if it isnt a real opportunity？” Aget hold ofBstare atCknock on Dmake use of解析：选B根据上文“instead of opening the door”和下文的“wonder”可知，此处应为“凝视”。2(2020浙江高考)Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from m
49、e.This was so _40_ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.Aunexpected BdangerousCembarrassing Ddifficult解析：选A因为下车时“我”已经按下手刹，所以看到车移动是出乎意料的。unexpected“出乎意料的”。3(2019天津高考)Without delay, I called to thank her. She said she _24_ my wallet on a bus seat.Amoved BplacedCopened Dspotted解析：选D我打电话
50、给那位女士，她告诉我是在公交车的座位上发现了我的钱包。A项意为“移动”；B项意为“放置”；C项意为“打开”；D项意为“发现”。4(2019天津高考)Ive never _31_ words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help.Arecalled BexchangedCrepeated Dwhispered解析：选B我跟那些妈妈们除了闲聊之外，从来没有进行过深入交谈。A项意为“回想起”；B项意为“交换”；C项意为“重复”；D项意为“低语”。(四)高考中的写作1(2020全国卷书面表达)As_requested,_w
51、e_began_to_pick_strawberries_with_caution_for_fear_that_some_plants_were_destroyed.(request)按照要求，我们开始小心翼翼地采摘草莓，因为担心会破坏一些植物。2(2019全国卷书面表达)We_will_be_fully_absorbed_in_the_attractive_and_fascinating_performances. (absorb)我们将完全沉浸在迷人和引人入胜的表演中。3(2019全国卷书面表达)Since_the_school_attaches_great_importance_to_t
52、his_tournament,_I_hope_we_can_devote_ourselves_to_becoming_a_stronger_team_and_a_qualified_champion. (attach)由于学校对本次比赛非常重视，我希望我们能努力成为一支更强的队伍，成为一名合格的冠军。4(2018北京高考书面表达)At_their_request,_I_made_a_presentation_to_show_them_how_to_make_tea._(疑问词不定式)应他们的要求，我向他们展示了怎样泡茶。5(2018全国卷书面表达)It_is_polite_of_you_to_
53、obey_the_local_custom._Generally_speaking,_your_arrival_should_be_on_time. (custom, arrival)遵守当地风俗是有礼貌的表现。一般来说，你应该准时到达。6(2018北京高考书面表达) Only_in_this_way_can_you_get_familiar_with_the_life_in_Beijing. (familiar) 只有用这种方式，你才能熟悉北京的生活。二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇barriercrisis conflict misunderstand cultural shock conde
54、mn controversial collisiondilemma complicated embarrass difference communicate cooperation globalization exchangelocal traditional essential status adapt to contribute to turn up forgive and forget in addition to compare with put up with turn down have a good command of 练中巩固.选词填空(有两词多余)barrier， cris
55、is， local， shock， collision， dilemma， conflict， cooperation， exchange， traditional1He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to return to his country.2I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager.3He has never recovered from the shock of your brothers death.4His car was in collisio
56、n with a motorbike.5Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success.6There is a need for understanding and cooperation as we approach the summit.7In times of crisis I know which friends I can turn to.8It was difficult to understand the local dialect.单句语法填空1The orchestra is very important fo
57、r the cultural (culture) life of the city.2Its all very complicated (complicate) but Ill try and explain.3There are no significant differences (different) between the education systems of the two countries.4Doctors do not always have good communication (communicate) skills.5Its traditional (traditio
58、n) in America to eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.6Globalization (global) is a phenomenon of the 21st century.7His misunderstanding (misunderstand) of language was the primary cause of his other problems.完成句子1The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt_to_the_change. 世界会变得不同，
59、我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。2I believe that each of us can_contribute_to_the_future_of_the_world. 我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。3The question is whether that man will turn_up_on_time. 问题是那个人是否会按时出现。4Now tell me if you_have_a_good_command_of both written and spoken English.现在请告诉我你的英语口语和书面语是否都很好。5I dont want to turn_down_a_friend who asks for help. 我不想拒绝一位寻求帮助的朋友。
