1、Section Grammar&Writing语法 专项突破写作 能力提升动词ing形式的完成式作状语和动词ing形式与不定式作宾语Having lost all my friends，I felt shy and lonely at my new school.Having left something in the cloakroom，I went inside to get it.This weekend，having thought about the situation for a while，I decided toask Roy about the theft.The girls
2、 stopped talking when the teacher came into the room.Walking along the road，the girls stopped to look in a shop window.Do you remember going to school for the first time?Remember to give me a ring when you get home.我的结论1前三个例句中动词ing形式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词，其逻辑主语是句子的。2例句中stop doing sth.表示；例句中stop to dosth.表
3、示。3例句中remember doing sth.表示；例句中rememberto do sth.表示。之前主语停止正在做的事情停下来正在做的事情来做别的事记住做过某事记着去做某事一、动词ing形式的完成式作状语语境感悟Not having received a reply，she decided to write another email.没有收到回复，她决定再写一封电子邮件。Having been informed of the decision，I decided to make preparations.被告知了这个决定，我决定做些准备。Having worked in the co
4、untryside for three years，he learned how to growvegetables.在乡下工作了三年之后，他学会了如何种菜。知识归纳(1)基本形式：having过去分词否定形式：nothaving过去分词完成式的被动式：having been过去分词(2)成分：动词ing形式的完成式在句中可作状语，常表示时间、原因等。(3)功能：动词ing形式的完成式作状语时，表示主动，即该动词与句子的主语为逻辑上的主谓关系；同时表示完成，即该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。深化点拨 动词ing形式的一般式和完成式作状语的用法区别(1)动词ing形式的一般式，作状语时与主句
5、主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，所表示的动作与主句谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，常表示时间、条件、原因或结果等。(2)动词ing形式的完成式，作状语时与主句主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，常表示时间或原因。Seeing those pictures，he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan。当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。(动词ing形式的一般式作状语表示时间)Working hard，you will pass the entrance exam.如果你努力学习，你就会通过入学考试。(动词ing形式的一般
6、式作状语表示条件)The road is under construction，causing the delay.道路正在建设中，因此造成了延误。(动词ing形式的一般式作状语表示结果)Having got our tickets，we drove to the airport to board the plane.买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。(动词ing形式的完成式作状语，表示时间)二、动词ing形式与不定式作宾语1动词ing形式作宾语语境感悟Even if I risk losing everything，I wont give up trying.即使冒着失去一切的危险，我也不
7、会放弃尝试。I would very much appreciate receiving a copy of the book.如蒙赐赠该书，我将不胜感激。知识归纳口诀记忆只接动词ing形式作宾语的常见动词(短语)有：承认(admit)冒险(risk)别继续(keep/keep on)错过(miss)理解(understand)和感激(appreciate)推迟(delay)享受(enjoy)不考虑(consider)完成(finish)想象(imagine)又建议(suggest/advise/recommend)避免(avoid/escape)介意(mind)想(feel like)延期(
8、put off)允许(allow/permit)抵制(resist/stand)或放弃(give up)着手(set about，get down to)练习(practise)要坚持(insist on)即时演练1 单句语法填空I appreciate(give)the opportunity to study abroad twoyears ago.He always avoids(talk)to me.Would you mind my(open)the window?having been giventalkingopening2动词不定式作宾语语境感悟He is supposed t
9、o have offered to help the old person.他本应给那位老人提供帮助。I only just managed to finish on time.我刚好设法按时完成。知识归纳口诀记忆只接不定式作宾语的常见动词(短语)：四个希望(hope，wish，expect，long)三答应(agree，promise，undertake)五个想要(want，desire，plan，would like，would love)巧安排(arrange)设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide，determine)犹豫(hesitate)倾向(tend)别声称(
10、claim)企图(attempt，seek)假装(pretend)要选择(choose)提出(offer)要求(ask，demand)别拒绝(refuse，decline)威胁(threaten)准备(prepare)不失败(fail)点津能接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词：show，understand，tell，explain，teach，learn，know，ask，decide，wonder等。He didnt know how to deal with the accident.他不知道怎样处理这场事故。即时演练2(1)单句改错My English teacher promised t
11、o lending some books to me.The train was late and at best I could only hope to being home tomorrow.Can you inform me when to beginning our final examination?(2)完成句子He showed us.他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。I dont know.我不知道做些什么。lendinglendbeingbebeginningbeginhow to do the workwhat to do3既可接动词ing形式又可以接不定式的动词语境感悟Dic
12、kens began working/to work at a factory when he was very young.狄更斯很小的时候就开始在一家工厂工作。Many people prefer living/to live in the country.很多人偏爱住在乡下。知识归纳既可以接动词ing形式又可以接不定式，含义差别不大的常见谓语动词有start，begin，love，like，prefer，hate，intend，continue等。点津love，like，hate后接动词ing形式通常表示习惯性、一般性的情况，后接不定式表示具体的、一次性的情况。即时演练3 单句语法填空R
13、emember(return)the book to me.But I remember(return)it to you.The doctor tried(cure)the woman of her illness,so he tried(treat)her with a new medicine.That would mean(waste)a lot of labor.Really?I dont mean(waste)any labor.to returnreturningto curetreating wastingto waste4接动词ing形式和接不定式含义不同的动词语境感悟The
14、y couldnt help jumping up at the news.听到这个消息他们不禁跳了起来。Sorry，I cant help to clean the room for you.I must go at once.对不起，我不能帮你打扫房间了，我必须马上走。I regret to tell you that all the tickets have been sold out.我遗憾地告诉你，所有的票都卖光了。Mary regretted telling lies to her mother.玛丽后悔向母亲撒了谎。知识归纳动词后接动词ing形式和接动词不定式作宾语时意义不同的词
15、词条后接不定式作宾语后接动词ing形式作宾语remember，forget，regret不定式所表示的动作还未发生动词ing形式所表示的动作已经发生try表示努力做某事表示试着做某事mean表示打算(想要)做某事表示意味着(要)做某事stop表示停下正在做的事去做另一件事表示停止做某事mean to do sth.意欲/打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事try to do sth.设法/企图/尽量做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事点津 有些含有“需要”意义的动词
16、，如want，need，require等，其后通常接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义或接不定式的被动形式。This kind of plant needs watering/to be watered twice a week.这种植物一星期需要浇水两次。.单句语法填空1I am sorry.I cant help(look)for the lost dog.2I shall never forget(see)the Great Wall for the first time.3As a result of my laziness，I failed(finish)my work on ti
17、me.4I listened to the wind,(think)that he would not come tonight.5.(not eat)anything since the night before，I felt veryhungry.6Do you mind my(open)the door?Go ahead.(to)lookseeingto finishthinkingNot having eatenopening7You didnt hear us come in last night.Thats good.We tried no(be)noisy.8It is a pr
18、oblem that doesnt need(solve)right now.9.(wash)the dirty clothes，the girl hung them up outside.10.(wait)for two hours，he went away.to besolving/to be solvedHaving washedHaving waited.完成句子1.，the pupil doesnt dare to go to school.由于没完成作业，这个小学生不敢去上学。2She suggestedto pay the debt.她建议卖掉你的房子来抵债。3She walke
19、d up to the desk and.她走到办公桌前要求见经理。4Iduring the summer holiday.暑假期间我喜欢在河里游泳。5.when I heard the exciting news.当听到那个令人兴奋的消息时，我禁不住笑了起来。Not having finished the homeworkselling your houseasked to see the managerlike swimming in the riverI cant help smiling.语法填空Be kind to othersWith all the stress in our d
20、aily life，it often feels these days as if peopleare becoming 1.(increase)impolitewhether while driving，onthe telephone，on a train or bus，on the Internet，at home 2.in theoffice.Life is difficult and 3.(challenge)for everyone.Yet we canhelp make it more pleasant by practicing 4.(kind)increasinglyorcha
21、llengingkindnessBy being kind，we can improve our life and help make others feel better as5.Not only for others，but also for ourselves，its better to be kind，sometimes.It relieves us everydays stress and pressure，6.(make)ourlife easier to live.7.(be)kind to others，you must develop a mental serenity(安详
22、)within 8.(you)Take every day 9.a fresh day and face everysecond of your day with calmness of mind.Think positively.Start your day withpeace in mind.Being kind is a vital way of bringing meaning to our own life as well asothers.Being kind 10.(allow)us to communicate better，to be morecompassionate，an
23、d also to be a positive force in people lives.wellmakingTo beyourselfasallows关于人际交往的议论文关于人际交往以及友谊的文章，在体裁上多属于议论文、记叙文或是夹叙夹议文。记叙文类的文章离不开记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果。本单元重点讨论此类话题的议论文体的写作。关于人际交往以及友谊的议论文的写作步骤：此类话题通常可分为三部分：第一部分引出话题，第二部分陈述人际交往的重要性，讲述不同的观点，第三部分提出自己的观点或建议。常用句式A引出话题1Recently I found it hard to
24、be on good terms with some students.最近，我发觉和一些学生友好相处很难。2A good interpersonal relationship，as we all know，plays an importantpart in building a harmonious society.众所周知，良好的人际关系在构建和谐社会方面起着重要的作用。B阐述友谊、朋友、交友的意义及其重要性1He is rich enough who has true friends.有真朋友的人是富翁。2Friendship is love without his wings.友谊是没
25、有羽翼的爱。3A friend is never known till a man has need.不到患难时，永远不能认识真正的朋友。4Friendship is like winethe older,the better.友谊就像酒，越陈越香。5A faithful friend is the medicine of life.忠实的朋友是人生的良药。C作者的观点和建议1If you cherish a persons friendship，make time for him or her，whetherits just the occasional phone call，email o
26、r a weekly gettogether.如果你珍惜一个人的友情，就为他或她留出时间。不管是偶尔打个电话，或是发一封邮件，又或是周末聚会。2Be slow in choosing a friend；slower in changing.择友宜慎，弃之更宜慎。3We should show concern for them，even if it is only a comforting word.我们关心他们，哪怕只是一句安慰的话。良好的人际关系是建设和谐社会的关键。假如你是王丽，最近你班对“中学时如何交友”的话题展开了讨论，大家发表了不同的看法。请你根据下面的内容，写一个稿件给2l世纪报高
27、中版“Your words”版块，讲述讨论情况，并说明你对交友的看法。为何交友建立良好的人际关系，构建和谐社会交友对象和目的学习上的朋友互帮互学，共同提高生活上的朋友互助互利，摆脱困境情感上的朋友倾诉烦恼，分享喜悦如何看待交友注意：1词数100左右；2书信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear editor，Recently，our class held a heated discussion about making friends between middle school students.Yours，Wang Li词句推敲.词汇1众所周知 2在起重要作用3交朋友4向学习5保持冷静
28、as we all know/as is wellknown to usplay an important part in sth.make friends with sb.learn from sb.keep calm6依我看来7犯错；出错8好恶9相互尊重10因某事向某人道歉in my viewmake mistakeslikes and dislikesrespect each otherapologize to sb.for sth.句式1众所周知，良好的人际关系在构建和谐社会方面起着重要的作用。(playan important part in)2很多学生建议我们应该和那些对我们学习有
29、益的同学交朋友，因为我们能够相互帮助，相互学习，共同提高。(make friends with sb.)A good interpersonal relationship，as we all know，plays an important partin building a harmonious society.Many students suggest that we should make friends with those who are of benefit to our studies，because we can help each other，learn from each o
30、ther and make progress together.3有些学生争论说，我们应该交一些生活上的朋友。(be related to)4他们认为无论我们什么时候遇到生活上的困难，这些朋友都能帮我们摆脱困境。(be confronted with)Some argue that we should make friends with those related to our life.They think whenever we are confronted with difficulties in life，these friends will help us get rid of th
31、em.5我想强调的是，我们每个人都需要真正的朋友。(stress)6一旦我们建立了友谊，我们就应该通过言行珍惜它。What I want to stress is that each of us needs true friends.Once we have established friendship，we ought to cherish and treasure it by means of words and deeds.妙笔成篇参考范文Dear editor，Recently，our class held a heated discussion about making friend
32、sbetween middle school students.A good interpersonal relationship，as we allknow，plays an important part in building a harmonious society.Many students suggest that we should make friends with those who are of benefit to our studies，because we can help each other，learn from each other and make progre
33、ss together.Some argue that we should make friends with those related to our life，thinking that，whenever we are confronted with difficulties in life，these friends will help us get rid of them.Others hold the view that we should make friends with those who are of benefit to our emotion，and can listen to us attentively and share our bitterness as well as joy.What I want to stress is that each of us needs true friends.Havingestablished friendship，we ought to cherish and treasure it by means of wordsand deeds.Yours，Wang Li
